CITACONOMIA : Economic and Business Studies

Migrant Entrepreneurial Capital (MEC) Model: Integrating Human, Social, and Psychological Capital for Sustainable Economic Empowerment of Return Migrants in Indonesia

Akhmad Darmawan — 2026-10-09

Return migrants accumulate skills, networks, and resilience abroad, yet many fail to achieve sustainable economic reintegration because support systems address these resources in isolation. This study proposes and tests the Migrant Entrepreneurial Capital (MEC) model, which integrates human capital, social capital, and psychological capital as a configurational basis for return migrant entrepreneurship. A convergent mixed-methods design was applied in Kebumen Regency, Central Java, through a partnership between the Migrant Resources Center of Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto and PT Bryna Sukses Abadi, a labour placement company. Data were collected through a structured MEC Assessment Questionnaire, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and field observation. Hypotheses were tested with correlation analysis, independent-sample tests, discrimination analysis, and an exact test of capital configuration. The three capital dimensions are positively interrelated. Return migrants who run a business hold significantly higher human, social, and psychological capital than those who do not. The integrated MEC score discriminates business ownership better than any single dimension, and returnees who are strong in all three dimensions are far more likely to run a business. Qualitative evidence reveals strong bonding networks but weak bridging and linking capital, unrecognised skills, and psychological disorientation after return. The study offers an empirically grounded, configurational model of migrant entrepreneurial capital and translates it into design principles for integrated reintegration programmes for migrant protection agencies, universities, and placement companies.

Matching Migration Skills with Local Opportunity: Region, Gender, and Migration Experience in the Entrepreneurial Interests of Indonesian Return Migrants

Akhmad Darmawan — 2026-10-09

The Influence Of Leverage, Audit Committee, Company Size, Gender Diversity, And Institutional Ownership On Integrated Reporting

Mohamad Zulman Hakim — 2026-10-11

This research looks into how factors like leverage, audit committee effectiveness, company size, gender diversity, and institutional ownership affect the extent to which companies disclose information through Integrated Reporting. Integrated reporting is a way for companies to share information that combines both financial and non-financial details. This helps to show how the company creates value over different time periods, like the short term, middle term, and long term, and makes it easier for people to understand the company's overall performance and impact. This study uses a quantitative method and relies on secondary data collected from the company's annual report, which is used as the sample for the research. Sample selection is done through purposive sampling based on the established criteria. The study used multiple linear regression to examine how each independent variable affected Integrated Reporting. The study's findings are likely to offer real-world evidence about the factors that affect how companies share information through Integrated Reporting. This research is also expected to help investment companies and stakeholders make better decisions. This study also helps build on existing knowledge about how companies are governed and how they report on their sustainability efforts.

The Influence of the Audit Committee, Company Size, Independent Board of Commissioner, and Board of Directors Size on Sustainability Reports.

Mohamad Zulman Hakim — 2026-10-11

This research is to investigate the influence of the Audit Committee, Firm Size, Independent Board of Commissioners, and Board of Directors Size on Sustainability Reporting in Financial Sector Firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2020 to 2024. This research employs a quantitative methodology using panel data regression analysis to investigate the direct and indirect associations between variables. The research utilizes 177 observations from firms in the financial industry, examining the mediating influence via the Sobel test and route analysis. The findings indicate that the Audit Committee, Firm Size, and Board of Directors Size significantly influence the Sustainability Report, however the Independent Board of Commissioners does not have a notable impact on it. Moreover, the dimensions of Firm Size and Board of Directors Size positively influence the Sustainability Report, suggesting that larger companies with more board members tend to provide more extensive sustainability report disclosures in financial sector firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2020 to 2024. This research enhances the existing body of knowledge on sustainability reporting in markets by including corporate governance elements and analyzing their impact on sustainability report disclosures in Indonesian financial sector firms.