CITACONOMIA : Economic and Business Studies

Migrant Entrepreneurial Capital (MEC) Model: Integrating Human, Social, and Psychological Capital for Sustainable Economic Empowerment of Return Migrants in Indonesia

Akhmad Darmawan — 2026-10-09

Return migrants accumulate skills, networks, and resilience abroad, yet many fail to achieve sustainable economic reintegration because support systems address these resources in isolation. This study proposes and tests the Migrant Entrepreneurial Capital (MEC) model, which integrates human capital, social capital, and psychological capital as a configurational basis for return migrant entrepreneurship. A convergent mixed-methods design was applied in Kebumen Regency, Central Java, through a partnership between the Migrant Resources Center of Universitas Muhammadiyah Purwokerto and PT Bryna Sukses Abadi, a labour placement company. Data were collected through a structured MEC Assessment Questionnaire, in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and field observation. Hypotheses were tested with correlation analysis, independent-sample tests, discrimination analysis, and an exact test of capital configuration. The three capital dimensions are positively interrelated. Return migrants who run a business hold significantly higher human, social, and psychological capital than those who do not. The integrated MEC score discriminates business ownership better than any single dimension, and returnees who are strong in all three dimensions are far more likely to run a business. Qualitative evidence reveals strong bonding networks but weak bridging and linking capital, unrecognised skills, and psychological disorientation after return. The study offers an empirically grounded, configurational model of migrant entrepreneurial capital and translates it into design principles for integrated reintegration programmes for migrant protection agencies, universities, and placement companies.

Matching Migration Skills with Local Opportunity: Region, Gender, and Migration Experience in the Entrepreneurial Interests of Indonesian Return Migrants

Akhmad Darmawan — 2026-10-09

The Influence Of Leverage, Audit Committee, Company Size, Gender Diversity, And Institutional Ownership On Integrated Reporting

Mohamad Zulman Hakim — 2026-10-11

This research looks into how factors like leverage, audit committee effectiveness, company size, gender diversity, and institutional ownership affect the extent to which companies disclose information through Integrated Reporting. Integrated reporting is a way for companies to share information that combines both financial and non-financial details. This helps to show how the company creates value over different time periods, like the short term, middle term, and long term, and makes it easier for people to understand the company's overall performance and impact. This study uses a quantitative method and relies on secondary data collected from the company's annual report, which is used as the sample for the research. Sample selection is done through purposive sampling based on the established criteria. The study used multiple linear regression to examine how each independent variable affected Integrated Reporting. The study's findings are likely to offer real-world evidence about the factors that affect how companies share information through Integrated Reporting. This research is also expected to help investment companies and stakeholders make better decisions. This study also helps build on existing knowledge about how companies are governed and how they report on their sustainability efforts.

The Influence of the Audit Committee, Company Size, Independent Board of Commissioner, and Board of Directors Size on Sustainability Reports.

Mohamad Zulman Hakim — 2026-10-11

This research is to investigate the influence of the Audit Committee, Firm Size, Independent Board of Commissioners, and Board of Directors Size on Sustainability Reporting in Financial Sector Firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2020 to 2024. This research employs a quantitative methodology using panel data regression analysis to investigate the direct and indirect associations between variables. The research utilizes 177 observations from firms in the financial industry, examining the mediating influence via the Sobel test and route analysis. The findings indicate that the Audit Committee, Firm Size, and Board of Directors Size significantly influence the Sustainability Report, however the Independent Board of Commissioners does not have a notable impact on it. Moreover, the dimensions of Firm Size and Board of Directors Size positively influence the Sustainability Report, suggesting that larger companies with more board members tend to provide more extensive sustainability report disclosures in financial sector firms listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2020 to 2024. This research enhances the existing body of knowledge on sustainability reporting in markets by including corporate governance elements and analyzing their impact on sustainability report disclosures in Indonesian financial sector firms.

The Effects of Compensation, Work Motivation, and Employee Competence on Employee Performance (A Study of Millennial and Generation Z Employees at PT Jasa Tirta Energi)

Tegar Aji Widiarta Widiarta — 2026-10-27

Millennials and Generation Z now constitute the majority of Indonesia's workforce. However, both generations face various challenges that may affect their performance, making it important to identify the factors that drive employee performance. This quantitative study aims to analyze the effect of compensation, work motivation, and employee competence on the performance of Millennial and Generation Z employees at PT Jasa Tirta Energi. The sample consisted of 35 respondents selected using a total sampling technique. Data were collected through a questionnaire that had passed validity and reliability testing and were analyzed using multiple linear regression with the assistance of IBM SPSS Statistics version 26. The findings show that compensation has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, indicating that a fair and transparent compensation system serves as a strategic instrument for enhancing employee performance. Work motivation does not have a significant effect on employee performance, indicating that work motivation is perceived as a basic standard in the workplace and, therefore, does not directly influence employee performance. Employee competence has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, indicating that competence is a fundamental factor in determining the quality of employee performance. Based on these findings, the organization is encouraged to prioritize employee competence development and improvements to its compensation system to enhance employee performance in a measurable and sustainable manner.

The Evolution Of Sustainability In Human Resource Technology: Reconstructing Ai-Augmented Experiential Learning For Sustainable Labour Economics

Syamsu Rijal — 2026-11-03

The intersection of sustainable labour economics and human resource technology (HR Tech) demands human capital development strategies that can mitigate rapid technological displacement. While experiential learning has long been a cornerstone of professional training, its classical application often triggers cognitive overload when adults face highly complex, digitally multidimensional tasks. This study analyzes the effectiveness of an AI-Augmented Experiential Learning Model (AI-Augmented ELM) in enhancing complex operational planning and professional competencies within vocational leadership frameworks. Employing a quasi-experimental design (Non-Equivalent Control Group Design), 37 vocational professionals were assigned to an experimental group (N=18, receiving AI-Augmented ELM with prompt engineering guidance) and a control group (N=19, receiving conventional experiential training). Quantitative descriptive and inferential analysis revealed that the experimental group achieved a substantial competency leap, with mean scores jumping from 67.78 to 86.11 (Δ = +18.33, p=0.002), significantly outperforming the control group (Δ = +5.26). Paradoxically, during the manual phase of active experimentation, the control group—which autonomously integrated generative AI tools without rigid structural constraints—scored higher in baseline artifact creation (92.16) than the pure manual group (78.72), demonstrating that manual execution creates a severe cognitive bottleneck. This paper conceptualizes the shift from classical learning to AI-Augmented ELM as a core pillar of sustainable human resource technology, shielding the workforce from cognitive depletion and fostering resilient, future-proof employment.

Cognitive Ecosystems In Green Labour Markets: Integrating Ai-Driven Dual-Scaffolding Hr Technology For Sustainable Human Capital Development

Syamsu Rijal — 2026-11-03

The structural transition toward a sustainable green economy imposes significant cognitive friction on the workforce due to rapid job displacement and the complexity of new green technologies. Modern Human Resource Technology (HR Tech) must expand its role from administrative automation to cognitive support systems that preserve sustainable human capital. This study introduces an AI-Driven Dual-Scaffolding Experiential Learning Model (DS-ELM) designed to optimize professional adult upskilling without inducing cognitive overload. Utilizing a quasi-experimental approach (Non-Equivalent Control Group Design), 37 senior industry professionals were divided into an experimental cohort (N=18, utilizing the AI-driven DS-ELM framework) and a control cohort (N=19, using conventional manual experiential methods). Quantitative analysis showed a profound competency leap in the experimental group, with mean performance scores elevating from 67.78 to 86.11 (Δ = +18.33, p=0.002), vastly outperforming the control group (Δ = +5.26). Crucially, during the complex artifact design phase, the unassisted manual group suffered from massive cognitive bottlenecks, scoring only 78.72 compared to a score of 92.16 achieved when generative AI was integrated as an epistemic partner. This study establishes a new theoretical model for sustainable labor economics, demonstrating that dual-scaffolding technologies shield workers from cognitive exhaustion, ensuring resilient employment and workplace sustainability in the green automation era.