Green Recruitment and Rewards, Environmental Training, and Pro-Environmental Behavior: Evidence from Conservation Organizations in South Kalimantan
Keywords:
Green Human Resource Management, Environmental Training, Pro-Environmental Behavior, AMO Theory, Green Recruitment, Green Rewards, Conservation Organizations, Sustainability
Abstract
This study investigates the influence of Green Human Resource Management (GHRM) practices namely Green Recruitment and Green Rewards on Pro-Environmental Behavior (PEB), with Environmental Training as a mediating variable, within the Ability-Motivation-Opportunity (AMO) framework. Using a cross-sectional survey of 100 employees from conservation organizations in South Kalimantan, Indonesia, and analyzed through Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM), the results demonstrate that both Green Recruitment and Green Rewards significantly enhance Environmental Training, which in turn strongly predicts PEB. Furthermore, Environmental Training partially mediates the relationships between GHRM practices and PEB, emphasizing its central role in operationalizing environmental values into workplace behaviors. The study contributes to the literature by validating the AMO model in a non-corporate, conservation-focused context in the Global South and offers practical insights for sustainability-oriented HR strategies.
References
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Pham, D. D. T., & Paillé, P. (2019). Green Recruitment and Selection: An Insight Into Green Patterns. International Journal of Manpower, 41(3), 258–272. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijm-05-2018-0155
Pham, D. D. T., & Paillé, P. (2020). Green recruitment and selection: An insight into green patterns. International Journal of Manpower, 41(3), 258–272. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-05-2018-0155
Rochwulaningsih, Y., Masruroh, N., Sholihah, F., Widodo, S., & Budiyanto, S. (2020). Managing socio-economic problems of the wetland environment in South Kalimantan. E3S Web of Conferences, 202, 03025. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020203025
Veerasamy, U., Joseph, M. S., & Parayitam, S. (2023a). Green human resource management and employee green behaviour: Participation and involvement, and training and development as moderators. South Asian Journal of Human Resources Management, 11(2), 277–309. https://doi.org/10.1177/23220937221144361
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Yu, S. (2024). Green Emotion: Incorporating Emotional Perception in Green Marketing to Increase Green Furniture Purchase Intentions. Sustainability, 16(12), 4935. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16124935
Yu, W., Chávez, R., Feng, M., Wong, C., & Fynes, B. (2020). Green human resource management and environmental cooperation: An ability-motivation-opportunity and contingency perspective. International Journal of Production Economics, 219, 224–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2019.06.013
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Zaman, S. I., Qabool, S., Anwar, A., & Khan, S. A. (2025). Green human resource management practices: A hierarchical model to evaluate the pro-environmental behavior of hotel employees. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 8(4), 1217–1249. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-02-2024-0146
Zhang, H., & Sun, S. (2021). Cognitive dissonance of self-standards: A negative interaction of green compensation and green training on employee pro-environmental behavior in China. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 14, 1399–1418. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S325091
Zhang, Y., Luo, Y., Zhang, X., & Zhao, J. (2019). How Green Human Resource Management Can Promote Green Employee Behavior in China: A Technology Acceptance Model Perspective. Sustainability, 11(19), 5408. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11195408
Ahuja, J., Yadav, M., & Sergio, R. P. (2023). Green leadership and pro-environmental behaviour: A moderated mediation model with rewards, self-efficacy and training. International Journal of Ethics and Systems, 39(2), 481–501. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-02-2022-0041
Apresian, S. (2024). The contestation of national adaptation policies in Indonesia. Journal of Current Southeast Asian Affairs, 44(1), 72–101. https://doi.org/10.1177/18681034241290815
Arisanty, D., Hastuti, K., Aristin, N., Angriani, P., Alviawati, E., Rajiani, I., & Rosadi, D. (2024). The value of local wisdom for peatland fire risk reduction in the wetland area of South Kalimantan. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1314(1), 012093. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1314/1/012093
Azzahra, F., Fridayani, H., Isnadi, Y., & Chiang, L. (2025). Addressing climate change in Indonesia: How far are governments and communities acting toward a sustainable environment? IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1475(1), 012014. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1475/1/012014
Ba, Y., & Cao, L. (2023). Assessing the impact of green human resource management practices on environmental performance in China: Role of higher education. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 30, 94386–94400. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-023-28523-8
Farrukh, M., Ansari, N., Raza, A., Wu, Y., & Wang, H. (2022). Fostering employee’s pro-environmental behavior through green transformational leadership, green human resource management and environmental knowledge. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 179, 121643. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2022.121643
Fawehinmi, O., Yusliza, M. Y., Tanveer, M. I., & Abdullahi, M. S. (2024). Influence of green human resource management on employee green behavior: The sequential mediating effect of perceived behavioral control and attitude toward corporate environmental policy. Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management, 31(3), 2514–2536. https://doi.org/10.1002/csr.2707
Hameed, R., Rehaman, N., Shoaib, M., & Ibtsam, M. (2023). Promoting pro-environmental behavior among one belt one road firms’ employees through the lens of green human resource practices. WORK, 76(4), 1373–1384. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-211442
Hameed, R., Rehman, N., Tufail, S., & Kiziloglu, M. (2023). Green Human Resource Management and Environmental Knowledge: A Moderated Mediation Model to Endorse Green CSR. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2023.1136957
Hameed, Z., Mahmood, A., & Shoaib, M. (2022). The role of green human resource practices in fostering green corporate social responsibility. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 792343. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.792343
Iftikar, T., Hussain, S., Malik, M. I., Hyder, S., Kaleem, M., & Saqib, A. (2022). Green human resource management and pro-environmental behaviour nexus with the lens of AMO theory. Cogent Business & Management, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2022.2124603
Ishaque, S., & Ansari, N. Y. (2025). Empowering sustainability: The role of green human resource management in fostering pro-environmental behavior in hospitality employees. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-09-2024-1010
Islam, T., Khan, M., Ahmed, I., & Mahmood, K. (2020). Promoting in-role and extra-role green behavior through ethical leadership: Mediating role of green HRM and moderating role of individual green values. International Journal of Manpower, 42(6), 1102–1123. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijm-01-2020-0036
Jerónimo, H. M., Lacerda, T. C. d., & Henriques, P. L. (2020). From Sustainable HRM to Employee Performance: A Complex and Intertwined Road. European Management Review, 17(4), 871–884. https://doi.org/10.1111/emre.12402
Li, Y., & Li, Y. (2025). Enhancing pro-environmental behavior through green HRM: Mediating roles of green mindfulness and knowledge sharing for sustainable outcomes. Sustainability, 17(6), 2411. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17062411
Naz, S., Jamshed, S., Nisar, Q. A., & al., et. (2023). Green HRM, psychological green climate and pro-environmental behaviors: An efficacious drive towards environmental performance in China. Current Psychology, 42, 1346–1361. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-01412-4
Nguyen, H.-D., Tho, B. D., Ho, D. B., Nguyen, D. D., & Phuong, K. Q. C. (2025). Connecting green human resource management practices with employee’s pro-environmental behaviours: The role of self-efficacy and psychological green climate in the emerging hospitality industries. Environmental Research Communications, 7(5), 055002. https://doi.org/10.1088/2515-7620/adcde5
Ojo, A. O., Tan, C. N.-L., & Alias, M. (2022). Linking green HRM practices to environmental performance through pro-environment behaviour in the information technology sector. Social Responsibility Journal, 18(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1108/SRJ-12-2019-0403
Omarova, L., & Jo, S.-J. (2022). Employee pro-environmental behavior: The impact of environmental transformational leadership and GHRM. Sustainability, 14(4), 2046. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14042046
Pham, D. D. T., & Paillé, P. (2019). Green Recruitment and Selection: An Insight Into Green Patterns. International Journal of Manpower, 41(3), 258–272. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijm-05-2018-0155
Pham, D. D. T., & Paillé, P. (2020). Green recruitment and selection: An insight into green patterns. International Journal of Manpower, 41(3), 258–272. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-05-2018-0155
Rochwulaningsih, Y., Masruroh, N., Sholihah, F., Widodo, S., & Budiyanto, S. (2020). Managing socio-economic problems of the wetland environment in South Kalimantan. E3S Web of Conferences, 202, 03025. https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202020203025
Veerasamy, U., Joseph, M. S., & Parayitam, S. (2023a). Green human resource management and employee green behaviour: Participation and involvement, and training and development as moderators. South Asian Journal of Human Resources Management, 11(2), 277–309. https://doi.org/10.1177/23220937221144361
Veerasamy, U., Joseph, M. S., & Parayitam, S. (2023b). Green human resource management practices and employee green behavior. Journal of Environmental Planning and Management, 67(12), 2810–2836. https://doi.org/10.1080/09640568.2023.2205005
Yu, S. (2024). Green Emotion: Incorporating Emotional Perception in Green Marketing to Increase Green Furniture Purchase Intentions. Sustainability, 16(12), 4935. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16124935
Yu, W., Chávez, R., Feng, M., Wong, C., & Fynes, B. (2020). Green human resource management and environmental cooperation: An ability-motivation-opportunity and contingency perspective. International Journal of Production Economics, 219, 224–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpe.2019.06.013
Zafar, H., & Suseno, Y. (2024). Examining the effects of green human resource management practices, green psychological climate, and organizational pride on employees’ voluntary pro-environmental behavior. Organization & Environment, 37(4), 581–609. https://doi.org/10.1177/10860266241241532
Zaman, S. I., Qabool, S., Anwar, A., & Khan, S. A. (2025). Green human resource management practices: A hierarchical model to evaluate the pro-environmental behavior of hotel employees. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Insights, 8(4), 1217–1249. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTI-02-2024-0146
Zhang, H., & Sun, S. (2021). Cognitive dissonance of self-standards: A negative interaction of green compensation and green training on employee pro-environmental behavior in China. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 14, 1399–1418. https://doi.org/10.2147/PRBM.S325091
Zhang, Y., Luo, Y., Zhang, X., & Zhao, J. (2019). How Green Human Resource Management Can Promote Green Employee Behavior in China: A Technology Acceptance Model Perspective. Sustainability, 11(19), 5408. https://doi.org/10.3390/su11195408
Published
2025-07-06
How to Cite
Sudarwati, Rini Rahmawati, & Ahmad Rifani. (2025). Green Recruitment and Rewards, Environmental Training, and Pro-Environmental Behavior: Evidence from Conservation Organizations in South Kalimantan. International Journal of Business and Quality Research, 3(03), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.63922/ijbqr.v3i03.2027
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