Recent Advances Of Pollutants Degradation In Different Environment By Zro2 Based Catalyst Activated Peroxymonosulfate
Keywords:
Semiconductors, Zirconium dioxide, AOPs
Abstract
Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) based advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have drawn great attention as potential technology for abatement of the refractory organic pollutants in water and soil. Zirconium dioxide (ZrO2) has garnered substantial research interest in the field of photocatalytic water treatment due to its appealing properties, such as thermal stability, considerable physical strength, and strong chemical resistance. Fe, Mn and a bimetallic Fe, Mn catalysts supported on ZrO2 were synthesized and tested for the activation of persulfate (PS) and peroxymonosulfate (PMS) in the degradation reaction of three different organic compounds: cinnamic acid (CA), benzoic acid (BA), and catechol (C). The reversible conversion between ZrS3 and ZrS2 has been observed for the first time by thermal decomposition of ZrS3 at 650 °C and sulfurization of ZrS2 in sulfur vapor at 550 °C. This result suggests a potential application of ZrS2 in the H2S splitting process for H2 recovery. Carbothermal reduction of Zr-sucrose gels powders into nano-phase ZrC, or ZrC-Zr (C,O) core-shell powders, via a composite of 2–4 nm sized ZrO2 and amorphous carbon, is described. In future, various techniques have been utilized to enhance the efficiency of zirconium dioxide such as doping, metal loading. Although co-catalysts have gained a lot of interest by researchers, more efforts should be directed in strengthening the binding force between the co-catalyst and the semiconductor. Moreover, high cost of noble metals, aggregation and corrosion can be overcome by replacing the noble metals with cheap transition metals; thus more investigation is required in that field.
References
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Aldeen, E., Jalil, A., Mim, R., Alhebshi, A., Hassan, N., & Saravanan, R. (2022). Altered zirconium dioxide based photocatalyst for enhancement of organic pollutants degradation: A review. Chemosphere , 135349.
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Camila M. Loffredo, M. D. (2023 ). Fe-Mn/ZrO2 catalysts: Sulfate-based-advanced oxidation process for the degradation of olive oil industry model pollutants. Catalysis Communications, 106578.
Camila M. Loffredo, M. D. (2023). Fe-Mn/ZrO2 catalysts: Sulfate-based-advanced oxidation process for the degradation of olive oil industry model pollutants. Catalysis Communications, 106578.
Chen, Q., Yang, W., Zhu, J., Fu, L., Li, D., & Zhou, L. (2020). Enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4 decorated ZrO2−x nanotubes heterostructure for degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride. J. Hazard. Mater, 384, 121275.
Dang, V. Q., & Al-Ali, K. (2020). The synthesis and investigation of the reversible conversion of layered ZrS 2 and ZrS 3. New Journal of Chemistry, 44(18), 7583-7590.
de Moraes, N., de Azeredo, C., Bacetto, L., da Silva, M., & Rodrigues, L. (2018). The effect of C-doping on the properties and photocatalytic activity of ZrO2 prepared via sol-gel route. Optik , 165, 302–309.
E.M. Sharaf Aldeen, A. J. (2022). Altered zirconium dioxide based photocatalyst for enhancement of organic pollutants degradation: A review. Chemosphere, 135349.
Faizan, M., Siddique, M., Ahmad, S., Tripathi, P., & Riyajuddin, S. ( 2021). Tunable luminescence in Ce3+/Mn2+ co-doped ZrO2 nanophosphor integrated with theoretical studies on possible (ZrO2) n clusters using DFT method. J. Alloys Compd, 157378.
Idrissi, S., Ziti, S., Labrim, H., & Bahmad, L. (2021). Sulfur doping effect on the electronic properties of zirconium dioxide ZrO2. Mater. Sci. Eng. B , 115200.
Jaenicke, S., Chuah, G. K., Raju, V., & Nie, Y. T. (2008). Structural and morphological control in the preparation of high surface area zirconia. Catalysis surveys from Asia, 12, 153-169.
Katea, S. N., Riekehr, L., & Westin, G. (2021). Synthesis of nano-phase ZrC by carbothermal reduction using a ZrO2–carbon nano-composite. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 41(1), 62-72.
Kaushal S, K. V. (2023). Sunlight-driven photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin and organic dyes by biosynthesized rGO-ZrO2 nanocomposites. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 30(24):65602-65617.
Kun-Yi Andrew Lin, H.-A. C. (2015). Zeolitic Imidazole Framework-67 (ZIF-67) as a heterogeneous catalyst to activate peroxymonosulfate for degradation of Rhodamine B in water. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 40-45.
Lim, H. S., Ahmad, A., & Hamzah, H. (2013, November). Synthesis of zirconium oxide nanoparticle by sol-gel technique. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 1571, No. 1, pp. 812-816). American Institute of Physics.
Ma, H., He, Y., Chen, P., Wang, H., Sun, Y., Li, J., . . . Sheng, J. (2021). Ultrathin Two-Dimensional Bi-Based photocatalysts: Synthetic strategies, surface defects, and reaction mechanisms. Chem. Eng. J, 417, 129305.
Majdah.Raji.M. Alotaibi, M. M. (2022). Photocatalytic remediation of ciprofloxacin based on Fe2O3@ZrO2 nanocomposites under visible-light. Optical Materials, 112041.
N.S. Hassan, A. J. (2021). Photodegradation of bisphenol A from aqueous solution over reduced graphene oxide supported on tetragonal silica-zirconia nanocatalysts: Optimization using RSM. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 496-507.
Pan Gao, Y. S. (2018). An effective and magnetic Fe2O3-ZrO2 catalyst for phenol degradation under neutral pH in the heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction. Separation and Purification Technology, 238-243.
Parveen, A., & Surumbarkuzhali, N. (2020). Spatial separation of photo-generated carriers and enhanced photocatalytic performance on ZrO2 catalysts via coupling with PPy. Inorg. Chem. Commun, 120, 108153.
Pelosato, R., Bolognino, I., Fontana, F., & Sora, I. (2022). Applications of Heterogeneous Photocatalysis to the Degradation of Oxytetracycline in Water: A Review. Molecules , 2743.
Pirzada, B., Mir, N., Qutub, N., Mehraj, O., Sabir, S., & Muneer, M. (2015). Synthesis, characterization and optimization of photocatalytic activity of TiO2/ZrO2 nanocomposite heterostructures. Mater. Sci. Eng. B , 193, 137–145.
Rani, V. A. ( 2022). ZrO2-Based Photocatalysts for Wastewater Treatment: From Novel Modification Strategies to Mechanistic Insights. Catalysts , 1418.
Raqiqa Tur Rasool, G. A.-S. (2023). Peroxymonosulfate-based photodegradation of naproxen by stimulating (Mo, V, and Zr)-carbide nanoparticles. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 104027.
Rashid, J., Barakat, M., Mohamed, R., & Ibrahim, I. (2014). Enhancement of photocatalytic activity of zinc/cobalt spinel oxides by doping with ZrO2 for visible light photocatalytic degradation of 2-chlorophenol in wastewater. J. Photochem. Photobiol, 284, 1–7.
Reddy, C., Reddy, I., Ravindranadh, K., Reddy, K., Kim, D., & Shim, J. (2020). Ni-dopant concentration effect of ZrO2 photocatalyst on photoelectrochemical water splitting and efficient removal of toxic organic pollutants. Sep. Purif. Technol, 252, 1173.
Renuka, L., Anantharaju, K., Vidya, Y., Nagabhushana, H., Uma, B., Malini, S., . . . Koppad, P. (2021). Porous network ZrO2/ZnFe2O4 nanocomposite with heterojunction towards industrial water purification under sunlight: Enhanced charge separation and elucidation of photo-mechanism. Ceram. Int, 47, 14845–14861.
Štefanić, G., Štefanić, I. I., & Musić, S. (2000). Influence of the synthesis conditions on the properties of hydrous zirconia and the stability of low-temperature t-ZrO2. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 65(2), 197-207.
S.P. Keerthana, R. Y. (2022). Nd doped ZrO2 photocatalyst for organic pollutants degradation in wastewater. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 102851.
Siting Shao, J. C. (2022). Rapid pollutant degradation by peroxymonosulfate via an unusual mediated-electron transfer pathway under spatial-confinement. RSC Advances, 9.
Tanzifi, M., Jahanshahi, M., Peyravi, M., & Khalili, S. (2022). A morphological decoration of g-C3N4/ZrO2 heterojunctions as a visible light activated photocatalyst for degradation of various organic pollutants. J. Environ. Chem. Eng, 10, 108600.
Wahba, M., Yakout, S., Mohamed, W., & Galal, H. (2020). Remarkable photocatalytic activity of Zr doped ZnO and ZrO2/ZnO nanocomposites: Structural, morphological and photoluminescence properties. Mater. Chem. Phys, 123754.
Xia X, Z. F. (2020). A Review Study on Sulfate-Radical-Based Advanced Oxidation Processes for Domestic/Industrial Wastewater Treatment: Degradation, Efficiency, and Mechanism. Front. Chem, 592056.
Xu, F., Lai, C., Zhang, M., Li, B., Liu, S., Chen, M., . . . Fu, Y. (2021). Facile one-pot synthesis of carbon self-doped graphitic carbon nitride loaded with ultra-low ceric dioxide for high-efficiency environmental photocatalysis: Organic pollutants degradation and hexavalent chromium reduction. J. Colloid Interface Sci, 601, 196–208.
Yaghoubi, A., Ramazani, A., & Taghavi Fardood, S. (2020). Synthesis of Al2O3/ZrO2 nanocomposite and the study of its effects on photocatalytic degradation of reactive blue 222 and reactive yellow 145 dyes. ChemistrySelect , 5, 9966–9973.
Zarei, M. (2020). Ultrasonic-assisted preparation of ZrO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposites with high visible-light photocatalytic activity for degradation of 4-chlorophenol in water. Water-Energy Nexus , 3, 135–142.
Zarei, M. (2020). Ultrasonic-assisted preparation of ZrO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposites with high visible-light photocatalytic activity for degradation of 4-chlorophenol in water. Water-Energy Nexus , 3, 135–142.
Zeyu Guan, S. Z. (2022). Fe–O–Zr in MOF for effective photo-Fenton Bisphenol A degradation: Boosting mechanism of electronic transmission. Chemosphere, 134481.
Zhao, W., Adeel, M., Zhang, P., Zhou, P., Huang, L., Zhao, Y., . . . al, e. ( 2022). A critical review on surface modified nano-catalysts application for photocatalytic degradation of volatile organic compounds. Environ. Sci Nano, 9, 61–80.
Zhao, W., Adeel, M., Zhang, P., Zhou, P., Huang, L., Zhao, Y., . . . al, e. (2022). A critical review on surface modified nano-catalysts application for photocatalytic degradation of volatile organic compounds. Environ. Sci Nano , 9, 61–80.
Zhou, H., Yao, P., Gong, T., Xiao, Y., Zhang, Z., Zhao, L., . . . Deng, M. (2019). Effects of ZrO2 crystal structure on the tribological properties of copper metal matrix composites. Tribol. Int, 380–391.
Aldeen, E., Jalil, A., Mim, R., Alhebshi, A., Hassan, N., & Saravanan, R. (2022). Altered zirconium dioxide based photocatalyst for enhancement of organic pollutants degradation: A review. Chemosphere , 135349.
Binh Nguyen, C. H.-a. (2018). Photocatalytic degradation of bisphenol A over a ZnFe 2 O 4 /TiO 2 nanocomposite under visible light. The Science of The Total Environment 646.
Camila M. Loffredo, M. D. (2023 ). Fe-Mn/ZrO2 catalysts: Sulfate-based-advanced oxidation process for the degradation of olive oil industry model pollutants. Catalysis Communications, 106578.
Camila M. Loffredo, M. D. (2023). Fe-Mn/ZrO2 catalysts: Sulfate-based-advanced oxidation process for the degradation of olive oil industry model pollutants. Catalysis Communications, 106578.
Chen, Q., Yang, W., Zhu, J., Fu, L., Li, D., & Zhou, L. (2020). Enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity of g-C3N4 decorated ZrO2−x nanotubes heterostructure for degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride. J. Hazard. Mater, 384, 121275.
Dang, V. Q., & Al-Ali, K. (2020). The synthesis and investigation of the reversible conversion of layered ZrS 2 and ZrS 3. New Journal of Chemistry, 44(18), 7583-7590.
de Moraes, N., de Azeredo, C., Bacetto, L., da Silva, M., & Rodrigues, L. (2018). The effect of C-doping on the properties and photocatalytic activity of ZrO2 prepared via sol-gel route. Optik , 165, 302–309.
E.M. Sharaf Aldeen, A. J. (2022). Altered zirconium dioxide based photocatalyst for enhancement of organic pollutants degradation: A review. Chemosphere, 135349.
Faizan, M., Siddique, M., Ahmad, S., Tripathi, P., & Riyajuddin, S. ( 2021). Tunable luminescence in Ce3+/Mn2+ co-doped ZrO2 nanophosphor integrated with theoretical studies on possible (ZrO2) n clusters using DFT method. J. Alloys Compd, 157378.
Idrissi, S., Ziti, S., Labrim, H., & Bahmad, L. (2021). Sulfur doping effect on the electronic properties of zirconium dioxide ZrO2. Mater. Sci. Eng. B , 115200.
Jaenicke, S., Chuah, G. K., Raju, V., & Nie, Y. T. (2008). Structural and morphological control in the preparation of high surface area zirconia. Catalysis surveys from Asia, 12, 153-169.
Katea, S. N., Riekehr, L., & Westin, G. (2021). Synthesis of nano-phase ZrC by carbothermal reduction using a ZrO2–carbon nano-composite. Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 41(1), 62-72.
Kaushal S, K. V. (2023). Sunlight-driven photocatalytic degradation of ciprofloxacin and organic dyes by biosynthesized rGO-ZrO2 nanocomposites. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 30(24):65602-65617.
Kun-Yi Andrew Lin, H.-A. C. (2015). Zeolitic Imidazole Framework-67 (ZIF-67) as a heterogeneous catalyst to activate peroxymonosulfate for degradation of Rhodamine B in water. Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers, 40-45.
Lim, H. S., Ahmad, A., & Hamzah, H. (2013, November). Synthesis of zirconium oxide nanoparticle by sol-gel technique. In AIP Conference Proceedings (Vol. 1571, No. 1, pp. 812-816). American Institute of Physics.
Ma, H., He, Y., Chen, P., Wang, H., Sun, Y., Li, J., . . . Sheng, J. (2021). Ultrathin Two-Dimensional Bi-Based photocatalysts: Synthetic strategies, surface defects, and reaction mechanisms. Chem. Eng. J, 417, 129305.
Majdah.Raji.M. Alotaibi, M. M. (2022). Photocatalytic remediation of ciprofloxacin based on Fe2O3@ZrO2 nanocomposites under visible-light. Optical Materials, 112041.
N.S. Hassan, A. J. (2021). Photodegradation of bisphenol A from aqueous solution over reduced graphene oxide supported on tetragonal silica-zirconia nanocatalysts: Optimization using RSM. Process Safety and Environmental Protection, 496-507.
Pan Gao, Y. S. (2018). An effective and magnetic Fe2O3-ZrO2 catalyst for phenol degradation under neutral pH in the heterogeneous Fenton-like reaction. Separation and Purification Technology, 238-243.
Parveen, A., & Surumbarkuzhali, N. (2020). Spatial separation of photo-generated carriers and enhanced photocatalytic performance on ZrO2 catalysts via coupling with PPy. Inorg. Chem. Commun, 120, 108153.
Pelosato, R., Bolognino, I., Fontana, F., & Sora, I. (2022). Applications of Heterogeneous Photocatalysis to the Degradation of Oxytetracycline in Water: A Review. Molecules , 2743.
Pirzada, B., Mir, N., Qutub, N., Mehraj, O., Sabir, S., & Muneer, M. (2015). Synthesis, characterization and optimization of photocatalytic activity of TiO2/ZrO2 nanocomposite heterostructures. Mater. Sci. Eng. B , 193, 137–145.
Rani, V. A. ( 2022). ZrO2-Based Photocatalysts for Wastewater Treatment: From Novel Modification Strategies to Mechanistic Insights. Catalysts , 1418.
Raqiqa Tur Rasool, G. A.-S. (2023). Peroxymonosulfate-based photodegradation of naproxen by stimulating (Mo, V, and Zr)-carbide nanoparticles. Journal of Water Process Engineering, 104027.
Rashid, J., Barakat, M., Mohamed, R., & Ibrahim, I. (2014). Enhancement of photocatalytic activity of zinc/cobalt spinel oxides by doping with ZrO2 for visible light photocatalytic degradation of 2-chlorophenol in wastewater. J. Photochem. Photobiol, 284, 1–7.
Reddy, C., Reddy, I., Ravindranadh, K., Reddy, K., Kim, D., & Shim, J. (2020). Ni-dopant concentration effect of ZrO2 photocatalyst on photoelectrochemical water splitting and efficient removal of toxic organic pollutants. Sep. Purif. Technol, 252, 1173.
Renuka, L., Anantharaju, K., Vidya, Y., Nagabhushana, H., Uma, B., Malini, S., . . . Koppad, P. (2021). Porous network ZrO2/ZnFe2O4 nanocomposite with heterojunction towards industrial water purification under sunlight: Enhanced charge separation and elucidation of photo-mechanism. Ceram. Int, 47, 14845–14861.
Štefanić, G., Štefanić, I. I., & Musić, S. (2000). Influence of the synthesis conditions on the properties of hydrous zirconia and the stability of low-temperature t-ZrO2. Materials Chemistry and Physics, 65(2), 197-207.
S.P. Keerthana, R. Y. (2022). Nd doped ZrO2 photocatalyst for organic pollutants degradation in wastewater. Environmental Technology & Innovation, 102851.
Siting Shao, J. C. (2022). Rapid pollutant degradation by peroxymonosulfate via an unusual mediated-electron transfer pathway under spatial-confinement. RSC Advances, 9.
Tanzifi, M., Jahanshahi, M., Peyravi, M., & Khalili, S. (2022). A morphological decoration of g-C3N4/ZrO2 heterojunctions as a visible light activated photocatalyst for degradation of various organic pollutants. J. Environ. Chem. Eng, 10, 108600.
Wahba, M., Yakout, S., Mohamed, W., & Galal, H. (2020). Remarkable photocatalytic activity of Zr doped ZnO and ZrO2/ZnO nanocomposites: Structural, morphological and photoluminescence properties. Mater. Chem. Phys, 123754.
Xia X, Z. F. (2020). A Review Study on Sulfate-Radical-Based Advanced Oxidation Processes for Domestic/Industrial Wastewater Treatment: Degradation, Efficiency, and Mechanism. Front. Chem, 592056.
Xu, F., Lai, C., Zhang, M., Li, B., Liu, S., Chen, M., . . . Fu, Y. (2021). Facile one-pot synthesis of carbon self-doped graphitic carbon nitride loaded with ultra-low ceric dioxide for high-efficiency environmental photocatalysis: Organic pollutants degradation and hexavalent chromium reduction. J. Colloid Interface Sci, 601, 196–208.
Yaghoubi, A., Ramazani, A., & Taghavi Fardood, S. (2020). Synthesis of Al2O3/ZrO2 nanocomposite and the study of its effects on photocatalytic degradation of reactive blue 222 and reactive yellow 145 dyes. ChemistrySelect , 5, 9966–9973.
Zarei, M. (2020). Ultrasonic-assisted preparation of ZrO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposites with high visible-light photocatalytic activity for degradation of 4-chlorophenol in water. Water-Energy Nexus , 3, 135–142.
Zarei, M. (2020). Ultrasonic-assisted preparation of ZrO2/g-C3N4 nanocomposites with high visible-light photocatalytic activity for degradation of 4-chlorophenol in water. Water-Energy Nexus , 3, 135–142.
Zeyu Guan, S. Z. (2022). Fe–O–Zr in MOF for effective photo-Fenton Bisphenol A degradation: Boosting mechanism of electronic transmission. Chemosphere, 134481.
Zhao, W., Adeel, M., Zhang, P., Zhou, P., Huang, L., Zhao, Y., . . . al, e. ( 2022). A critical review on surface modified nano-catalysts application for photocatalytic degradation of volatile organic compounds. Environ. Sci Nano, 9, 61–80.
Zhao, W., Adeel, M., Zhang, P., Zhou, P., Huang, L., Zhao, Y., . . . al, e. (2022). A critical review on surface modified nano-catalysts application for photocatalytic degradation of volatile organic compounds. Environ. Sci Nano , 9, 61–80.
Zhou, H., Yao, P., Gong, T., Xiao, Y., Zhang, Z., Zhao, L., . . . Deng, M. (2019). Effects of ZrO2 crystal structure on the tribological properties of copper metal matrix composites. Tribol. Int, 380–391.
Published
2025-10-20
How to Cite
Hamza Khaliq, Faiza Shahzad, Arslan Riaz, Muhammad Mohsin, & Rana Mohsin Ali. (2025). Recent Advances Of Pollutants Degradation In Different Environment By Zro2 Based Catalyst Activated Peroxymonosulfate. International Journal of Business and Quality Research, 3(04), 162-186. https://doi.org/10.63922/ijbqr.v3i04.2396
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