Validating the Social Dimension of the Village Index in Supporting Village Tourism Development: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis
Keywords:
CFA, Social Dimension, SDGs, Tourism, Village Index
Abstract
This study aims to validate the social dimension of the Village Index in supporting village tourism development using Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA). The social dimension is essential for village tourism, as tourism activities depend on community participation, social cohesion, security, and the availability of community facilities. This research employs a quantitative confirmatory approach using secondary data derived from the Village Index. The population consists of 285 villages in Kerinci Regency, and a total sampling (census) technique is applied. The results show that the correlation between community activities and community facilities is very strong (r = 0.875), indicating a close interrelationship between social engagement and social infrastructure. These findings confirm that the social dimension of the Village Index is a valid and reliable framework for assessing social readiness in village tourism development. The study provides an empirically validated measurement model and offers policy-relevant insights for strengthening sustainable village tourism aligned with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 8, SDG 11, and SDG 16.
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Yamagishi, K., Gantalao, C., & Ocampo, L. (2024). The future of farm tourism in the Philippines: challenges, strategies and insights. Journal of Tourism Futures, 10(1), 87–109. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-06-2020-0101
Abualyazed, J. M. (2023). Assessment of Potential Inscription of Wadi El-Natroun Monasteries in World Heritage List and the Possibilities of Development its Religious and Heritage Tourism. Dirasat: Human and Social Sciences, 50(2), 218–235. https://doi.org/10.35516/hum.v50i2.4932
Bacsi, Z., Yasin, A. S., & Bánhegyi, G. (2023). Tourism Competitiveness in Eastern Africa: RCA and TTCI. Heritage, 6(9), 5997–6015. https://doi.org/10.3390/heritage6090316
Chatra, A., Budaya, I., Saprudin, S., & Judijanto, L. (2023). Dynamic of Product Innovation, Community Involvement, and Regulatory Policy: Case Study of MSME Entrepreneurship in Indonesia. International Journal of Business, Law, and Education, 5(1), 105–118. https://doi.org/10.56442/ijble.v5i1.356
Efdison, Z., Lova, A. N., Yelnim, Y., & Liantifa, M. (2024). The Influence of E-Service Quality on E-Customer Loyalty Through E-Satisfaction as a Mediator in Indonesia E-Wallet. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen, 12(1), 429–437.
Getz, D., & Carlsen, J. (2005). Family business in tourism. State of the art. Annals of Tourism Research, 32(1), 237–258. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annals.2004.07.006
Halimah, P., & Haryono, G. (2025). Digital Business Insights Journal. Pengaruh Produk Wisata Dan Lokasi Terhadap Keputusan Berkunjung Pada Objek Wisata Taman Bumdes Desa Keluru Melalui Kepuasan Sebagai Variabel Intervening, 1(1), 45–57. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.32520
Haryono, G., Johannes, J., Junaidi, J., & Yacob, S. (2022). The Effects of Entrepreneurial Orientation on The Resilience of Tourism Actors with The Support of Government Policies on Rural Tourism in Jambi Province. Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Economic and Education, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.14-12-2021.2318317
Haryono, G., & Lova, A. N. (2025). Determination of Organizational Resilience: Entrepreneurial Orientation Moderation of Government Policy on Tourism in Jambi Province. TOFEDU: The Future of Education Journal, 4(1), 208–219.
Havadi Nagy, K. X., & Espinosa Segui, A. (2020). Experiences of community-based tourism in Romania: chances and challenges. Journal of Tourism Analysis, 27(2), 143–163. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTA-08-2019-0033
Kallmuenzer, A., & Peters, M. (2018). Innovativeness and control mechanisms in tourism and hospitality family firms: A comparative study. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 70(October 2017), 66–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2017.10.022
Lova, A. N., & Haryono, G. (2023). Purchase Determinants Of Customer Loyalty: The Mediating Effect Of E-Trust In E-Commerce. Journal of Scientific Research, Education, and Technology (JSRET), 2(3), 1024–1036. https://doi.org/10.58526/jsret.v2i3.192
McGehee, N. G. (2014). Volunteer tourism: Evolution, issues and futures. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 22(6), 847–854. https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2014.907299
Mhlongo, Z., Ntshangase, S. D., & Ezeuduji, I. O. (2024). Tourism Entrepreneurial Education And Intention Among Youths: A Case From KwaZulu-Natal In South Africa. Proceedings of the International Conference on Tourism Research, 7(1), 489–496. https://doi.org/10.34190/ictr.7.1.1964
Núñez-Ríos, J. E., Sánchez-García, J. Y., Rojas, O. G., & Olivares-Benitez, E. (2020). Factors to foster organizational sustainability in tourism smes. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(20), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12208657
Sari, A. (2022). Competitive Advantage Tourism Based on E-Tourism To Improve Tourist Destinations. International Journal of Social Science, 2(4), 1831–1838. https://doi.org/10.53625/ijss.v2i4.3945
Sari, A. E., Abdallah, Z., Siswadhi, F., & Haryono, G. (2022). IMPROVING FINANCIAL AND MARKETING MANAGEMENT BASED DIGITAL APPLICATION ON SMEs BATIK TULIS INCUNG. International Journal of Engagement and Empowerment, 2(3), 233–245.
Sari, A. E., Haryono, G., & Yuliviona, R. (2024). Confirmatory Factor Analysis (CFA) To Measure Competitive Advantage in Tourism Village From Supply Tourism Perspectives. International Journal of Ecomics, Business and Inovastion Research, 3(1), 111–126. https://www.e-journal.citakonsultindo.or.id/index.php/IJEBIR/article/view/652%0Ahttps://www.e-journal.citakonsultindo.or.id/index.php/IJEBIR/article/download/652/529
Sari, A. E., Munir, A. R., Maming, J., & Satria, E. (2022). Development of Marketing Mix in Tourism With Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) in the Tourist Area of Kerinci Regency. KnE Social Sciences, 2022, 378–385. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v7i12.11542
Sari, A. E., Program, D. S., Tinggi, S., Ekonomi, I., & Alam, S. (2025). Increase of the Human Development Index ( HDI ) in Indonesia International Journal of Business and Quality Research. International Journal of Business and Quality Research, 03(01), 154–168. https://doi.org/10.99075/ijbqr/issue/view/61.v1i01.1577
Temba, G. I., Kasoga, P. S., & Keregero, C. M. (2023). Corporate governance and financial performance: Evidence from commercial banks in Tanzania. Cogent Economics and Finance, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.1080/23322039.2023.2247162
Widjajanti, K., Prihantini, F. N., & Wijayanti, R. (2022). Sustainable Development of Business with Canvas Business Model Approach: Empirical Study on MSMEs Batik Blora, Indonesia. International Journal of Sustainable Development and Planning, 17(3), 1025–1032. https://doi.org/10.18280/ijsdp.170334
Yamagishi, K., Gantalao, C., & Ocampo, L. (2024). The future of farm tourism in the Philippines: challenges, strategies and insights. Journal of Tourism Futures, 10(1), 87–109. https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-06-2020-0101
Published
2026-01-09
How to Cite
Ayu Esteka Sari, Gampo Haryono, Iin Syofia Yandra, Shobhi Al-Ghifari Azhary, & Elsa Maiyora. (2026). Validating the Social Dimension of the Village Index in Supporting Village Tourism Development: A Confirmatory Factor Analysis. International Journal of Business and Quality Research, 4(01), 66-82. https://doi.org/10.63922/ijbqr.v4i01.2754
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