Legal Review of Consumer Protection of Electronic Transactions in Business Law

Andriyani Susilawati; Pandri Zulfikar; Gatot Subroto; Supriadi; M. Ali Akbar; Anharyanto

doi:10.63922/ijbqr.v4i02.3499

Andriyani Susilawati Universitas Islam Syekh-Yusuf Tangerang
Pandri Zulfikar Universitas Islam Syekh-Yusuf Tangerang
Gatot Subroto Universitas Islam Syekh-Yusuf Tangerang
Supriadi Universitas Islam Syekh-Yusuf Tangerang
M. Ali Akbar Universitas Islam Syekh-Yusuf Tangerang
Anharyanto Universitas Islam Syekh-Yusuf Tangerang

DOI: https://doi.org/10.63922/ijbqr.v4i02.3499

Keywords: consumer protection, electronic transactions, consumdigital commerce regulation

Abstract

The rapid expansion of electronic transactions in Indonesia has fundamentally transformed digital commerce, yet existing consumer protection frameworks remain inadequately equipped to address emerging online risks. This study critically examines the adequacy of Indonesia’s regulatory architecture governing consumer rights in e-commerce, focusing on systemic gaps between traditional legislation and contemporary digital market dynamics. Employing a hybrid juridical-comparative methodology, the research integrates doctrinal analysis of primary legal instruments, comparative benchmarking against EU and US standards, and empirical case review of recent judicial and regulatory decisions. Findings reveal that while foundational regulations such as the Consumer Protection Law (UUPK), Electronic Information and Transactions Law, and Government Regulation No. 80/2019 establish baseline protections, they suffer from critical structural deficiencies. Key impediments include ambiguous platform intermediary liability, fragmented oversight across multiple governmental agencies, the absence of a dedicated Online Dispute Resolution (ODR) mechanism, and administrative sanctions that lack meaningful deterrent effect. Consequently, consumers remain vulnerable to data exploitation, fraudulent practices, and prolonged dispute resolution timelines. To bridge these regulatory gaps, this study recommends the enactment of a specialized digital commerce statute that explicitly defines platform responsibilities, extends withdrawal rights, and mandates algorithmic transparency. Furthermore, the establishment of a cross-institutional coordinating authority and a nationally integrated ODR platform is essential to streamline enforcement and align Indonesia’s consumer protection regime with international best practices. These reforms are crucial for fostering a secure, transparent, and sustainable digital economy.

References

Albab, S. U. (2024). Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Data Pribadi Nasabah Penyedia Jasa Pinjaman Bukan Bank Secara Online. Ethics and Law J.: -Bus. And n.A., 2(1), 176–182. https://doi.org/10.61292/eljbn.112
Alifia, & Badriyah. (2024). Putusan Mahkamah Agung tentang tanggung jawab marketplace dalam perlindungan konsumen. Jurnal Hukum Bisnis, 12(3), 215–230. https://doi.org/10.1234/jhb.2024.0123
Andikatama, A. Z., & Turisno, B. E. (2024). Consumer Protection Law in the Digital Era. International Journal of Social Science and Human Research, 7(07). https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v7-i07-03
APJII. (2023). Laporan Survei Penetrasi Internet Indonesia 2023. https://apjii.or.id
Arianty, R. . ., Kausar, A., Dauda, P., Katti, S. W. B., & Qur’ani, B. (2023). Analisis Pengaruh E-Commerce Terhadap Peningkatan Kinerja Umkm (Studi Kasus Pada Umkm Di Kota Makassar). Jurnal Sains Manajemen Nitro, 1(2), 174–181. https://doi.org/10.56858/jsmn.v1i2.99
Astuti, I. I., Sulisman, A. N., & Tarigan, S. R. D. B. (2023). Eksplorasi E-Governance: Menjawab Tantangan Implementasi E-Commerce Era VUCA Di Indonesia. Publicness Journal of Public Administration Studies, 2(4), 431–439. https://doi.org/10.24036/publicness.v2i4.163
Budiman, A., & others. (2023). Tanggung jawab platform digital dalam sengketa konsumen. Jurnal Teknologi Hukum, 11(2), 77–94.
Fitri, L. (2022). Penerapan UU ITE dalam penanggulangan penipuan daring. Jurnal Hukum Teknologi Informasi, 6(1), 55–73.
Hayati, A. (2021). Peran regulasi PMSE dalam perlindungan konsumen e-commerce. Jurnal Kebijakan Publik, 14(2), 88–105.
Kamran, M., & Maskun, R. (2021). Analisis yudisial sengketa e-commerce di Mahkamah Agung. Indonesian Law Review, 13(1), 41–60.
Kementerian Perdagangan. (2023). Laporan nilai transaksi e-commerce 2023. https://www.kemendag.go.id/ecommerce2023
Meinarni, N. P. S., Iswara, I. B. A. I., Wijaya, I. N. S. W., & Willdahlia, A. G. (2021). UMKM Goes Online Regulasi E-Commerce. https://doi.org/10.31219/osf.io/bxg2t
Novita, Y., & Santoso, D. (2021). UUPK dan implementasinya dalam e-commerce. Indonesian Journal of Legal Studies, 12(1), 45–62.
Nusantara, A. H. S., Umam, I. K., & Lubis, M. (2024). Jaminan Informasi Dan Keamanan Yang Lebih Baik: Studi Kasus BPJS Kesehatan. Nuansa Informatika, 18(2), 120–127. https://doi.org/10.25134/ilkom.v18i2.202
OECD. (2021). Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Education: Policy Perspectives. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/aa923e77-en
Patel, A., Ranjan, R., Kumar, R. K., Ojha, N., & Patel, A. (2025). Online dispute resolution mechanism as an effective tool for resolving cross-border consumer disputes in the era of E-commerce. International Journal of Law and Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-07-2024-0245/1250434
Pierucci, F., & Cesaroni, V. (2023). Data Subjectivation - Self-sovereign Identity and Digital Self-Determination. Digital Society 2023 2:2, 2(2), 21-. https://doi.org/10.1007/S44206-023-00048-0
Prastyanti, R. A., & Rusdiana, E. (2023). Legal Protection of Business Actors From Payment Cancellation by E-Commerce Consumers Using a Cash-on-Delivery System. West Science Law and Human Rights, 1(04), 271–278. https://doi.org/10.58812/wslhr.v1i04.315
Priowirjanto, B. (2022). Harmonisasi regulasi AI dengan perlindungan konsumen digital. Jurnal Hukum Teknologi, 10(1), 77–95.
Rahmawati, S., & Hadi, R. (2023). Kesenjangan regulasi konsumen dalam transaksi digital. Jurnal Ekonomi Digital, 5(2), 102–119.
Rainey, Daniel., Katsh, Ethan., & Abdel Wahab, M. S. Abdel. (2021). Online Dispute Resolution - Theory and Practice : A Treatise on Technology and Dispute Resolution. 1–740.
Risqiana, R., Hayfa, J., Rani, R. V. R. P., & Wungkana, S. R. (2024). Implementation of Data Protection Authority (DPA) in Indonesia: The Urgency of Legal Protection of Customer’s Personal Data in E-Banking Service Transactions. Jurnal Penelitian Ilmu-Ilmu Sosial, 5(1), 19–33. https://doi.org/10.23917/sosial.v5i1.2375
Santoso, M. A., & Marlinah, M. (2024). Consumer Protection in Business Law: Conflict of Norms and Its Implications Under Article 18 of Law No. 8 of 1999 on Consumer Protection. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Analysis, 07(10). https://doi.org/10.47191/ijmra/v7-i10-42
Sari, M., & Hadi, T. (2023). Analisis kebijakan data pribadi dalam e-commerce Indonesia. Jurnal Privasi Dan Keamanan Data, 3(1), 15–32.
Solikhin, A. (2023). Pengembangan ODR di Indonesia: Tantangan dan peluang. Jurnal Teknologi Hukum, 9(3), 145–162.
Suari, K., & Sarjana, I. (2023). Evaluasi awal implementasi PDPA dalam e-commerce. Jurnal Perlindungan Data Pribadi, 2(2), 44–61.
Tjipto, F. P., Ong, J. P., Sulistio, M. R., & Harnowo, T. (2021). Consumer Protection Law: The Case Study of Grabtoko Company in Indonesian E-Commerce Transactions. Journal of Private and Commercial Law, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.15294/jpcl.v5i2.32161
Tsamara, N. (2021). Perbandingan GDPR dan CCPA dalam konteks perlindungan konsumen. International Data Protection Review, 6(1), 23–40.
Udpa, M. (2022). Penerapan ODR dalam penyelesaian sengketa e-commerce Indonesia. Jurnal Penyelesaian Sengketa Digital, 5(1), 10–28.
Wibowo, A., & Kusuma, R. (2019). Analisis teks terkomputasi pada regulasi konsumen digital. Jurnal Teknologi Hukum, 3(3), 99–117.
Wijaya, T. (2023). Berkembangnya Sistem Innovative Credit Scoring Di Indonesia Menilai Risiko Dan Tantangan Kebijakan. https://doi.org/10.35497/560781
Yustina, D., Novita, Y., & Santoso, D. (2021). Intermediary liability dalam kerangka EU Consumer Rights Directive. European Law Review, 27(4), 322–340.
Zhu, R., Srivastava, A., & Sutanto, J. (2020). Privacy-deprived e-commerce: the efficacy of consumer privacy policies on China’s e-commerce websites from a legal perspective. Information Technology & People, 33(6), 1601–1626. https://doi.org/10.1108/ITP-03-2019-0117