The Effectiveness of Financial Services Authority Supervision of Leasing Companies from the Perspective of State Administrative Law
Keywords:
financial supervision, consumer protection, administrative law
Abstract
This study evaluates the effectiveness of the Financial Services Authority (OJK) in supervising leasing companies and identifies systemic challenges in consumer protection from an Administrative Law perspective. Employing a normative legal methodology with a contextual approach, the research analyzes primary regulations, including the OJK Law, Consumer Protection Law, Fiduciary Guarantee Law, and relevant Constitutional Court rulings, alongside documented field practices. Findings reveal a persistent implementation gap between formal regulatory mandates and practical enforcement. Despite measurable declines in consumer complaints, aggressive debt collection, unilateral fiduciary executions, and opaque contractual practices remain prevalent. From an administrative law standpoint, these shortcomings reflect vulnerabilities in applying legitimacy, proportionality, and accountability principles, compounded by regulatory fragmentation, limited institutional capacity, and weak inter-agency coordination. The study concludes that OJK’s supervisory framework requires structural reform to transition from compliance-based monitoring to outcome-oriented governance. Recommendations include harmonizing overlapping regulations, establishing joint enforcement task forces, integrating data-driven monitoring systems, and implementing sustained consumer literacy initiatives. Ultimately, aligning financial supervision with foundational administrative law tenets is essential to strengthen institutional credibility, ensure equitable consumer protection, and foster a resilient leasing sector in Indonesia.
References
Abdullahi. (2024). Examining Financing Strategies and Performance of MSMEs in Ilorin, Kwara State, Nigeria. International Journal of Finance, Insurance and Risk Management, 14(Issue 1), 79–94. https://doi.org/10.35808/ijfirm/382
Adlina, N. A. (2023). Kewenangan Penyidikan Terhadap Tindak Pidana Di Sektor Jasa Keuangan. Al-Adl Jurnal Hukum, 15(2), 250. https://doi.org/10.31602/al-adl.v15i2.11088
Allegrezza, S., & Lasagini, G. (2024). The enforcement of ECB sanctions in light of the proportionality principle: Is there a need for a guide to define a solid legal framework? Common Market Law Review, 61(3), 655–698. https://doi.org/10.54648/COLA2024046
Atkinson, C. L. (2023). Legitimacy in Public Administration. Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance, 7630–7637. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66252-3_1134/SAVE-RESEARCH
Bagherifam, N., Naghdi, S., Ahmadian, V., Fazlzadeh, A., & Baghalzadeh Shishehgarkhaneh, M. (2025). Digital Regulatory Governance: The Role of RegTech and SupTech in Transforming Financial Oversight and Administrative Capacity. International Journal of Financial Studies 2025, Vol. 13, Page 217, 13(4), 217. https://doi.org/10.3390/IJFS13040217
Chandra, K. R., & Widiatedja, I. G. N. P. (2023). Perang Rusia-Ukraina Dan Ancaman Terhadap Kebebasan Berpendapat Dan Berekspresi Di Rusia. Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law Journal), 12(2), 402. https://doi.org/10.24843/jmhu.2023.v12.i02.p12
Dawud, J., Ramdani, D., & Abubakar, R. R. T. (2021). Dinamika Penerapan Dimensi Akuntabilitas Dalam Merespon PP No. 24 Tahun 2018 Studi Komparasi Di DPMPTSP Kabupaten Bandung Dan Kota Bandung. Jurnal Wacana Kinerja Kajian Praktis-Akademis Kinerja Dan Administrasi Pelayanan Publik, 24(1), 24. https://doi.org/10.31845/jwk.v24i1.683
Durovic, M., & Willett, C. (2023). A Legal Framework for Using Smart Contracts in Consumer Contracts: Machines as Servants, Not Masters. Modern Law Review, 86(6), 1390–1421. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2230.12817;ISSUE:ISSUE:DOI
Falendra Kumar Sudan. (2022). Leveraging the Potential of SME Capital Markets: Evidence from Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Jammu Region, India. Regional Economic Development Research, 192–214. https://doi.org/10.37256/redr.3220221263
Faniyah, I., & A, S. A. (2024). Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Konsumen Dalam Penarikan Objek Jaminan Fidusia Oleh Debt Collector Akibat Wanprestasi Pada Perusahaan Pembiayaan. Unes Journal of Swara Justisia, 8(1), 215–222. https://doi.org/10.31933/fpt63m70
Firdayanti, A., & Amartya. (2024). Analisis kriminologi dan hukum pidana Islam terhadap aksi kekerasan debt collector. Jurnal Hukum, 10(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1234/jh2024
Gardner, J., & Gray, M. (2022). Regulation of abusive informal debt collection practices : The U.K. debt collection industry: why regulation isn’t enough. Regulation of Debt Collection in Europe, 201–222. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003343158-11
Hartanto, U. A., & Lisdiyono, E. (2023). KEKUATAN EKSEKUTORIAL PADA JAMINAN FIDUSIA PASCA PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI NOMOR 18/Puu-Xvii/2019 (STUDI TERHADAP PUTUSAN PENGADILAN NEGERI KOTAMOBAGU NOMOR : 97/Pdt.G.S/2022/PN Ktg). Jurnal Akta Notaris, 2(2), 193–204. https://doi.org/10.56444/aktanotaris.v2i2.1235
Jannah, Zeinaful, & others. (2025). Hak-hak yang memberi jaminan dalam perspektif hukum positif dan hukum Islam. Jurnal Hukum Dan Keadilan, 9(1), 78–92. https://doi.org/10.1111/jhk2025
Kikasu, E. T., & Dorasamy, N. (2025). Promoting Accountability and Transparency to Ensure Effective Governance. Development in Post-Apartheid South Africa: Political and Governance Considerations, 103–130. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003629689-6/PROMOTING-ACCOUNTABILITY-TRANSPARENCY-ENSURE-EFFECTIVE-GOVERNANCE-EUSTACHE-TANZALA-KIKASU-NIRMALA-DORASAMY
Magnis, C. (2026). The impact of strict regulation and supervision on OECD bank instability and the role of financial soundness. Journal of Economics and Business, 139, 106299. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JECONBUS.2026.106299
Maknun, L., & others. (2026). Study literatur praktik ekonomi berunsur riba dalam model transaksi PayLater dan pinjaman online. Jurnal Ekonomi Islam, 8(2), 99–113. https://doi.org/10.2222/jei2026
Martin, K. (2025). The Impact of Recent OJK Regulations on Transparency, Efficiency, and Investor Protection in Indonesia’s Capital Market. Anthology: Inside Intellectual Property Rights, 21-40–21–40. https://ojs.uph.edu/index.php/Anthology/article/view/10016
Nugrahini, D. E., & Alfian, A. H. (2023). Kesenjangan Pembiayaan dan Struktur Keuangan UMKM. Jurnal Akuntansi Indonesia, 12(1), 56. https://doi.org/10.30659/jai.12.1.56-72
Pakaya, P. R. S. (2025). Analisis yuridis terhadap penagihan utang oleh debt collector. Jurnal Hukum Dan Bisnis, 7(3), 134–150. https://doi.org/10.2345/jhb2025
Pakpahan, C. G., Farabi, M. F. F., & Rachmania, R. R. (2023). Quo Vadis: Konsep Meaningful Participation Sebagai Implikasi Putusan MK No. 91/Puu-Xviii/202 Dalam Menunjang Hak Konstitusional. Salam Jurnal Sosial Dan Budaya Syar I, 10(4), 1285–1308. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjsbs.v10i3.32560
Patel, A., Ranjan, R., Kumar, R. K., Ojha, N., & Patel, A. (2025). Online dispute resolution mechanism as an effective tool for resolving cross-border consumer disputes in the era of E-commerce. International Journal of Law and Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-07-2024-0245/1250434
Petersen-Rockney, M., Baur, P., Guzman, A., Bender, S. F., Calo, A., Castillo, F., De Master, K., Dumont, A., Esquivel, K., Kremen, C., LaChance, J., Mooshammer, M., Ory, J., Price, M. J., Socolar, Y., Stanley, P., Iles, A., & Bowles, T. (2021). Narrow and Brittle or Broad and Nimble? Comparing Adaptive Capacity in Simplifying and Diversifying Farming Systems. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 5, 564900. https://doi.org/10.3389/FSUFS.2021.564900/FULL
Rahim, A., Fajriah, S. A., Diniah, S., Sabilah, V. I., & Suryadi, S. (2023). Implementasi Pengawasan Bagi Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) Kesehatan Ditinjau Dari Hukum Administrasi Negara. Jiip - Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, 6(8), 5795–5800. https://doi.org/10.54371/jiip.v6i8.2573
Ratuwalu, R., Komsatun, & Dewayani. (2025). Perlindungan hukum konsumen fintech P2P lending. Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi, 10(3), 50–65. https://doi.org/10.3333/jhe2025
Riwukore, J. R., Habaora, F., & Terttiaavini, T. (2022). Good Governance Dalam Mengukur Kinerja Lembaga Negara (Review). Jurnal Pemerintahan Dan Politik, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.36982/jpg.v7i1.1974
Rizqi, A., & Lathifah, R. A. (2025). Status Nasab dan Hak Anak Angkat Menurut Syari’at Islam. JIS: Jurnal Islamic Studies, 303.
Salmon, & others. (2025). Penegakan sanksi dalam pengawasan OJK: tantangan dan solusi. Jurnal Hukum Dan Kebijakan, 14(1), 200–215. https://doi.org/10.4444/jhk2025
Sanusi, U., & Hadinatha, M. F. (2023). Activating Unconstitutional Norms in Law: An Analysis of the Principle of Checks and Balances. Jurnal Konstitusi, 20(2), 300–317. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk2027
Suwarji, S., & Sari, I. P. (2022). Implementasi Pelayanan Kesehatan Peserta Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosisial (Bpjs) Di Kaji Dari Undang – Undang NO.24 TH.2014 Di Rsud Dr. Soewondo Kendal. Jarvic, 1(2), 01–23. https://doi.org/10.58684/jarvic.v1i2.6
Syam, M. (2023). Pelaksanaan Eksekusi Objek Jaminan Fidusia Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 18/Puu-Vii/2019 Pada Masa Pandemi Covid 19 Di Kota Padang. Unes Journal of Swara Justisia, 7(2), 335. https://doi.org/10.31933/ujsj.v7i2.349
Ubaiyana, U., & Falah, F. (2021). Quo Vadis Pengecualian Kebijakan Dari Objek Gugatan Di Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara Di Era Pandemi Covid-19. De Jure Jurnal Hukum Dan Syar Iah, 13(2), 264–282. https://doi.org/10.18860/j-fsh.v13i2.12901
Ummah, H. R., Sonjaya, A., & Jamaludin, J. (2024). Sharia fintech: Crowdfunding as MSMEs financing. Al-Muamalat: Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah, 11(1), 115–136. https://doi.org/10.15575/am.v11i1.28808
Vangelov, O. (2026). Power-Sharing and Segmental Regime Entrenchment in Post-Ohrid Macedonia. Nationalism and Ethnic Politics. https://doi.org/10.1080/13537113.2026.2614158
Xu, H. (2025). Regulatory Fragmentation and Operational Efficiency. Journal of Corporate Accounting and Finance, 36(3), 176–193. https://doi.org/10.1002/JCAF.22780;JOURNAL:JOURNAL:10970053;PAGE:STRING:ARTICLE/CHAPTER
Adlina, N. A. (2023). Kewenangan Penyidikan Terhadap Tindak Pidana Di Sektor Jasa Keuangan. Al-Adl Jurnal Hukum, 15(2), 250. https://doi.org/10.31602/al-adl.v15i2.11088
Allegrezza, S., & Lasagini, G. (2024). The enforcement of ECB sanctions in light of the proportionality principle: Is there a need for a guide to define a solid legal framework? Common Market Law Review, 61(3), 655–698. https://doi.org/10.54648/COLA2024046
Atkinson, C. L. (2023). Legitimacy in Public Administration. Global Encyclopedia of Public Administration, Public Policy, and Governance, 7630–7637. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66252-3_1134/SAVE-RESEARCH
Bagherifam, N., Naghdi, S., Ahmadian, V., Fazlzadeh, A., & Baghalzadeh Shishehgarkhaneh, M. (2025). Digital Regulatory Governance: The Role of RegTech and SupTech in Transforming Financial Oversight and Administrative Capacity. International Journal of Financial Studies 2025, Vol. 13, Page 217, 13(4), 217. https://doi.org/10.3390/IJFS13040217
Chandra, K. R., & Widiatedja, I. G. N. P. (2023). Perang Rusia-Ukraina Dan Ancaman Terhadap Kebebasan Berpendapat Dan Berekspresi Di Rusia. Jurnal Magister Hukum Udayana (Udayana Master Law Journal), 12(2), 402. https://doi.org/10.24843/jmhu.2023.v12.i02.p12
Dawud, J., Ramdani, D., & Abubakar, R. R. T. (2021). Dinamika Penerapan Dimensi Akuntabilitas Dalam Merespon PP No. 24 Tahun 2018 Studi Komparasi Di DPMPTSP Kabupaten Bandung Dan Kota Bandung. Jurnal Wacana Kinerja Kajian Praktis-Akademis Kinerja Dan Administrasi Pelayanan Publik, 24(1), 24. https://doi.org/10.31845/jwk.v24i1.683
Durovic, M., & Willett, C. (2023). A Legal Framework for Using Smart Contracts in Consumer Contracts: Machines as Servants, Not Masters. Modern Law Review, 86(6), 1390–1421. https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-2230.12817;ISSUE:ISSUE:DOI
Falendra Kumar Sudan. (2022). Leveraging the Potential of SME Capital Markets: Evidence from Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises in Jammu Region, India. Regional Economic Development Research, 192–214. https://doi.org/10.37256/redr.3220221263
Faniyah, I., & A, S. A. (2024). Perlindungan Hukum Terhadap Konsumen Dalam Penarikan Objek Jaminan Fidusia Oleh Debt Collector Akibat Wanprestasi Pada Perusahaan Pembiayaan. Unes Journal of Swara Justisia, 8(1), 215–222. https://doi.org/10.31933/fpt63m70
Firdayanti, A., & Amartya. (2024). Analisis kriminologi dan hukum pidana Islam terhadap aksi kekerasan debt collector. Jurnal Hukum, 10(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1234/jh2024
Gardner, J., & Gray, M. (2022). Regulation of abusive informal debt collection practices : The U.K. debt collection industry: why regulation isn’t enough. Regulation of Debt Collection in Europe, 201–222. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003343158-11
Hartanto, U. A., & Lisdiyono, E. (2023). KEKUATAN EKSEKUTORIAL PADA JAMINAN FIDUSIA PASCA PUTUSAN MAHKAMAH KONSTITUSI NOMOR 18/Puu-Xvii/2019 (STUDI TERHADAP PUTUSAN PENGADILAN NEGERI KOTAMOBAGU NOMOR : 97/Pdt.G.S/2022/PN Ktg). Jurnal Akta Notaris, 2(2), 193–204. https://doi.org/10.56444/aktanotaris.v2i2.1235
Jannah, Zeinaful, & others. (2025). Hak-hak yang memberi jaminan dalam perspektif hukum positif dan hukum Islam. Jurnal Hukum Dan Keadilan, 9(1), 78–92. https://doi.org/10.1111/jhk2025
Kikasu, E. T., & Dorasamy, N. (2025). Promoting Accountability and Transparency to Ensure Effective Governance. Development in Post-Apartheid South Africa: Political and Governance Considerations, 103–130. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003629689-6/PROMOTING-ACCOUNTABILITY-TRANSPARENCY-ENSURE-EFFECTIVE-GOVERNANCE-EUSTACHE-TANZALA-KIKASU-NIRMALA-DORASAMY
Magnis, C. (2026). The impact of strict regulation and supervision on OECD bank instability and the role of financial soundness. Journal of Economics and Business, 139, 106299. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JECONBUS.2026.106299
Maknun, L., & others. (2026). Study literatur praktik ekonomi berunsur riba dalam model transaksi PayLater dan pinjaman online. Jurnal Ekonomi Islam, 8(2), 99–113. https://doi.org/10.2222/jei2026
Martin, K. (2025). The Impact of Recent OJK Regulations on Transparency, Efficiency, and Investor Protection in Indonesia’s Capital Market. Anthology: Inside Intellectual Property Rights, 21-40–21–40. https://ojs.uph.edu/index.php/Anthology/article/view/10016
Nugrahini, D. E., & Alfian, A. H. (2023). Kesenjangan Pembiayaan dan Struktur Keuangan UMKM. Jurnal Akuntansi Indonesia, 12(1), 56. https://doi.org/10.30659/jai.12.1.56-72
Pakaya, P. R. S. (2025). Analisis yuridis terhadap penagihan utang oleh debt collector. Jurnal Hukum Dan Bisnis, 7(3), 134–150. https://doi.org/10.2345/jhb2025
Pakpahan, C. G., Farabi, M. F. F., & Rachmania, R. R. (2023). Quo Vadis: Konsep Meaningful Participation Sebagai Implikasi Putusan MK No. 91/Puu-Xviii/202 Dalam Menunjang Hak Konstitusional. Salam Jurnal Sosial Dan Budaya Syar I, 10(4), 1285–1308. https://doi.org/10.15408/sjsbs.v10i3.32560
Patel, A., Ranjan, R., Kumar, R. K., Ojha, N., & Patel, A. (2025). Online dispute resolution mechanism as an effective tool for resolving cross-border consumer disputes in the era of E-commerce. International Journal of Law and Management. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-07-2024-0245/1250434
Petersen-Rockney, M., Baur, P., Guzman, A., Bender, S. F., Calo, A., Castillo, F., De Master, K., Dumont, A., Esquivel, K., Kremen, C., LaChance, J., Mooshammer, M., Ory, J., Price, M. J., Socolar, Y., Stanley, P., Iles, A., & Bowles, T. (2021). Narrow and Brittle or Broad and Nimble? Comparing Adaptive Capacity in Simplifying and Diversifying Farming Systems. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 5, 564900. https://doi.org/10.3389/FSUFS.2021.564900/FULL
Rahim, A., Fajriah, S. A., Diniah, S., Sabilah, V. I., & Suryadi, S. (2023). Implementasi Pengawasan Bagi Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial (BPJS) Kesehatan Ditinjau Dari Hukum Administrasi Negara. Jiip - Jurnal Ilmiah Ilmu Pendidikan, 6(8), 5795–5800. https://doi.org/10.54371/jiip.v6i8.2573
Ratuwalu, R., Komsatun, & Dewayani. (2025). Perlindungan hukum konsumen fintech P2P lending. Jurnal Hukum Ekonomi, 10(3), 50–65. https://doi.org/10.3333/jhe2025
Riwukore, J. R., Habaora, F., & Terttiaavini, T. (2022). Good Governance Dalam Mengukur Kinerja Lembaga Negara (Review). Jurnal Pemerintahan Dan Politik, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.36982/jpg.v7i1.1974
Rizqi, A., & Lathifah, R. A. (2025). Status Nasab dan Hak Anak Angkat Menurut Syari’at Islam. JIS: Jurnal Islamic Studies, 303.
Salmon, & others. (2025). Penegakan sanksi dalam pengawasan OJK: tantangan dan solusi. Jurnal Hukum Dan Kebijakan, 14(1), 200–215. https://doi.org/10.4444/jhk2025
Sanusi, U., & Hadinatha, M. F. (2023). Activating Unconstitutional Norms in Law: An Analysis of the Principle of Checks and Balances. Jurnal Konstitusi, 20(2), 300–317. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk2027
Suwarji, S., & Sari, I. P. (2022). Implementasi Pelayanan Kesehatan Peserta Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosisial (Bpjs) Di Kaji Dari Undang – Undang NO.24 TH.2014 Di Rsud Dr. Soewondo Kendal. Jarvic, 1(2), 01–23. https://doi.org/10.58684/jarvic.v1i2.6
Syam, M. (2023). Pelaksanaan Eksekusi Objek Jaminan Fidusia Pasca Putusan Mahkamah Konstitusi Nomor 18/Puu-Vii/2019 Pada Masa Pandemi Covid 19 Di Kota Padang. Unes Journal of Swara Justisia, 7(2), 335. https://doi.org/10.31933/ujsj.v7i2.349
Ubaiyana, U., & Falah, F. (2021). Quo Vadis Pengecualian Kebijakan Dari Objek Gugatan Di Pengadilan Tata Usaha Negara Di Era Pandemi Covid-19. De Jure Jurnal Hukum Dan Syar Iah, 13(2), 264–282. https://doi.org/10.18860/j-fsh.v13i2.12901
Ummah, H. R., Sonjaya, A., & Jamaludin, J. (2024). Sharia fintech: Crowdfunding as MSMEs financing. Al-Muamalat: Jurnal Ekonomi Syariah, 11(1), 115–136. https://doi.org/10.15575/am.v11i1.28808
Vangelov, O. (2026). Power-Sharing and Segmental Regime Entrenchment in Post-Ohrid Macedonia. Nationalism and Ethnic Politics. https://doi.org/10.1080/13537113.2026.2614158
Xu, H. (2025). Regulatory Fragmentation and Operational Efficiency. Journal of Corporate Accounting and Finance, 36(3), 176–193. https://doi.org/10.1002/JCAF.22780;JOURNAL:JOURNAL:10970053;PAGE:STRING:ARTICLE/CHAPTER
Published
2026-05-10
How to Cite
Gunarto Wardono, Mustofa Kamil, Rahmat Wijaya, Juhana Nuryana, Raliyanto Budi Wikarno, & Hikmat Ansori. (2026). The Effectiveness of Financial Services Authority Supervision of Leasing Companies from the Perspective of State Administrative Law. International Journal of Business and Quality Research, 4(02), 396-413. https://doi.org/10.63922/ijbqr.v4i02.3535
.png)
Contact Person +628563636289
Email : editor.ijbqr@gmail.com
