Work-Overload At PT Perusahaan Perumahan Semarang Demak: Causes, Implications And Solutions
Keywords:
Work overload, Causes Work Overload, Implication Work Overload, workload solutions, PT Pembangunan Perumahan Semarang Demak.
Abstract
This study explores the issue of work overload at PT Pembangunan Perumahan Semarang Demak, focusing on the causes, implications, and potential solutions to this challenge. Using a qualitative research approach, the study aims to provide a deep understanding of the impact of work overload on employee performance and well-being, with an emphasis on identifying effective strategies to manage workloads. Data was collected through semi-structured interviews with staff members and employees, participatory observations, and document analysis. The study identifies several key factors contributing to work overload, including insufficient human resources, unclear task distribution, and inefficient systems. The findings highlight that work overload leads to negative implications such as decreased productivity, increased stress, and lower employee satisfaction. Additionally, the study suggests practical solutions such as clearer task distribution, flexible scheduling, improved communication, and the use of time management tools like to-do lists. The study contributes to the understanding of work overload in the context of large-scale construction projects and offers recommendations that could be applied to enhance employee well-being and project performance at PT PP Semarang Demak.
References
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Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Damayanti, D., Rimadias, S., Haque, M. G., Sunarsi, D., Kosasih, & Kesumadewi, R. R. V. (2021). Peran Work Overload, Work Environment, Work Family Conflict & Work Stress Terhadap Job Performance (Studi Pada Petugas Penanganan Prasarana Dan Sarana Umum Jakarta) Diana. Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan, 7(3), 192–206.
Daniels, R. (2017, September 20). Work Overload in the Workplace | How to Handle Work Overload. Business Study Notes. htps://www.businessstudynotes.com/ tps‐tricks/work‐overload‐in‐the‐workplace/
Fatima, T., Bilal, A. R., Waqas, M., & Imran, M. K. (2022). Keeping up with this workload: The ramifications of work overload on career resilience. Kybernetes, 53(1), 188-215.
Flick, U. (2021). An Introduction to Qualitative Research (6th ed.). Sage Publications.
Garcia, M., & Patel, S. (2022). Strategies for Reducing Work Overload in Project Management. Project Management Journal, 53(1), 45-58.
Greenberg, J. (2021). Stress management in the workplace: A comprehensive approach. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 26(3), 245-258.
Hancock A. Peter, Paula A. Desmond. Stress, Workload, and Fatigue. (Mahwah, New Jersey.2001).p.243
Heriyanto, M., Arif Surana, M., Jamil, M., Desak Made Santi Diwyarthi, N., Saputra, N., Octafian, R., Sulistiyowati, R., Bakti, R., Setiadi, R., & Nopralia, S. (2020). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia : Prinsip Dasar dan Aplikasi.
Houghton, C., Casey, L., Shaw, D., & Murphy, K. (2020). Rigour in Qualitative Case-Study Research. Nurse Researcher, 27(4), 8-12.
Johnson, L., & Lee, R. (2020). Factors Influencing Work Overload in Construction Projects. International Journal of Project Management, 38(4), 245-256.
Kahn, R. L., & Byosiere, P. (2020). Stress in organizations. In S. L. Sauter, J. J. Hurrell, & C. L. Cooper (Eds.), Aging and work in the 21st century (pp. 45-66).
Kahn, W. A., Hsiung, H., & Zohar, D. (2021). Work overload, stress, and fatigue: Implications for employee mental health. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 26(3), 312-325.
Karatepe, O. M. (2013). The effects of work overload and work-family conflict on job embeddedness and job performance: The mediation of emotional exhaustion. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 25(4), 614-634.
Kelly, E. L., & Moen, P. (2020). Fixing the overload problem at work. Sloan Management Review, 61(4), 1-9.
Kirch, W. (Ed.). (2008). Work OverloadWork overload. In Encyclopedia of Public Health (pp. 1466–1466). Springer Netherlands. htps://doi.org/10.1007/978‐ 1‐4020‐5614‐7_3775
Korpelainen, E., Laine, T., & Paavilainen, E. (2022). Social interaction at work and its role in reducing stress and enhancing mental well-being. International Journal of Workplace Health Management, 15(2), 78-92.
Lee, R. T., & Ashforth, B. E. (2021). Stress and recovery in the workplace: A review and future directions. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 42(5), 678-695.
Lee, R. T., & Ashforth, B. E. (2022). The impact of social support and task ambiguity on work overload. Journal of Applied Psychology, 107(4), 582-596.
Leite, C. C. F., Sato, T. O., Maia, H. M. S. F., & Cavalcante Neto, J. L. (2024). Work overload and associated factors in healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Healthcare Quality Research, 39(5), 291-298.
Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry. Sage Publications.
Macan, T. (2021). The impact of to-do lists on time management and employee productivity. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 45(3), 345-358.
Mahfudz, M. (2017). Pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja Dan Beban Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan dan Stres Kerja Sebagai Variabel Mediasi Pada Karyawan Divisi Sales Concumer Pt Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. Jurnal Eksekutif Volume 14 No. 1 Juni 2017 Indonesia, 14(1), 51–75.
Masriati, Abdullah, R., & Nongkeng, H. (2018). Pengaruh Beban Kerja, Karakteristik Individu Dan Disiplin Kerja Perawat Terhadap Kinerja Perawat Di Puskesmas Palanro Kabupaten Barru. YUME : Journal of Management, 1(3).
Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation. Jossey-Bass.
Moen, P., Lam, J., Ammons, S., & Kelly, E. L. (2013). Time work by overworked professionals: Strategies in response to the stress of higher status. Work and Occupations, 40(2),
Morrow, P. (2020). Employee Perspectives on Work Overload in Infrastructure Projects. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 25(3), 215-227.
Nabawi, R. (2019). Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja, Kepuasan Kerja dan Beban Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai. Maneggio: Jurnal Ilmiah Magister Manajemen, 2(2), 170–183.
Nguyen, T., Smith, R., & Chen, Y. (2023). The Importance of Workload Management in Project Success. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 40, 100-112.
Noble, H., & Smith, J. (2020). Issues of Validity and Reliability in Qualitative Research. Evidence-Based Nursing, 23(1), 22-23.
Nowell, L. S., Norris, J. M., White, D. E., & Moules, N. J. (2017). Thematic Analysis: Striving to Meet the Trustworthiness Criteria. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 16(1), 1-13.
Nurhasanah, N., Jufrizen, J., & Tupti, Z. (2022). Pengaruh Etika Kerja, Budaya Organisasi Dan Beban Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Dengan Kepuasan Kerja Sebagai Variabel Intervening. Jurnal Ekonomi & Ekonomi Syariah, 5(1), 245–261.
Orianhoi, A. L., & Ginting, S. (2025). The role of work overload on turnover intention and job stress as an intervening variable in Gen Z employees in Pontianak City. International Journal of Enterprise Modelling, 19(1), 31-39.
Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods: Integrating Theory and Practice. Sage Publications.
Puspaningtyas, N. (2020). Stres Kerja: Penyebab, Dampak, dan Strategi Mengatasinya. Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia, 22(1), 89-102.
Quezada Díaz, B., Hindrichs, I., & Castellanos Simons, D. (2024). Emerging psychosocial factors and work overload perceptions of Mexican university teachers and students working and studying from home during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Psychology, 15,
Rasool, T., Warraich, N. F., & Sajid, M. (2022). Examining the impact of technology overload at the workplace: A systematic review. SAGE Open, 12(3), 1-18.
Rebar, A. L., Hyde, A. L., & Xie, M. (2020). Physical activity and rest as contributors to mental and physical health during work overload. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 25(4), 500-513.
Saldaña, J. (2016). The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
Sari, F., & Arif, M. (2021). Pengaruh Work Overload terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Melalui Burnout. Jurnal Psikologi, 15(3), 245-260.
Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2022). Theoretical and empirical advances in the study of burnout. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 9, 1-25.
Sinsky, C. A., Shanafelt, T. D., Dyrbye, L. N., et al. (2022). "Health care expenditures attributable to primary care physician overall and burnout-related turnover." Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 97(1), 1-10.
Smith, J., & Brown, A. (2021). Work Overload in Construction: Causes and Consequences. Journal of Construction Management, 15(2), 123-135.
Soleman, A. (2011). Analisis Beban Kerja Ditinjau Dari Faktor Usia Dengan Pendekatan Recommended Weiht Limit (Studi Kasus Mahasiswa Unpatti Poka). Arika, 5(2), 83-98.
Sonnentag, S., & Fritz, C. (2020). The impact of work overload on employee performance: The role of fatigue and critical periods. Journal of Applied Psychology, 105(5), 425-437.
Sugiyono ; Puji lestari.Metode Penelitian Komunikasi : Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, Analisis Teks, Cara Menulis Artikel Untuk Jurnal Nasional Dan Internasional / Sugiyono, Puji Lestari : Editor: Sunarto .2021
Sumaryono, dr. Roy. (2022). Peningkatan Produktivitas Karyawan pada Perusahaan Fabrikasi Baja.
Suyatno, A., Abdullah, A., Iriany Erny Sundah, D., Gede Satriawan, D., Palupiningtyas, D., Wijoyo, H., Kusuma Wardani, I., Indrawan, I., Perwira, I., Refiana Said, L.,
Taylor, S. E., Klein, L. C., & Lewis, B. P. (2023). "Biobehavioral responses to stress in females: Tend-and-befriend, not fight-or-flight." Psychological Review, 130(1), 1-20.
Thompson, H. (2019). The Impact of Work Overload on Employee Performance in Construction. Construction Management and Economics, 37(5), 321-330.
Tuckey, M. R., Bakker, A. B., & Dahl, M. (2021). The impact of work overload on work-life balance: Consequences for motivation and work engagement. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 26(1), 42-56.
Work–family conflict and flexible work arrangements: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 108(2), 123-145.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101.
Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77-101.
Chandra, Riny & Dody Adriansyah. 2017. Pengaruh Beban Kerja dan Stres Kerja terhadap Kinerja Karyawan pada PT. Mega Auto Central Finance Cabang di Langsa. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Keuangan, Vol.6, No.1, ISSN 2252-844X
Covey, S. R. (2021). The 7 Habits of Highly Effective People: 30th Anniversary Edition. Simon & Schuster.
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research Design: Qualitative,Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches. SAGE.
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative Inquiry and Research Design: Choosing Among Five Approaches (4th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Damayanti, D., Rimadias, S., Haque, M. G., Sunarsi, D., Kosasih, & Kesumadewi, R. R. V. (2021). Peran Work Overload, Work Environment, Work Family Conflict & Work Stress Terhadap Job Performance (Studi Pada Petugas Penanganan Prasarana Dan Sarana Umum Jakarta) Diana. Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan, 7(3), 192–206.
Daniels, R. (2017, September 20). Work Overload in the Workplace | How to Handle Work Overload. Business Study Notes. htps://www.businessstudynotes.com/ tps‐tricks/work‐overload‐in‐the‐workplace/
Fatima, T., Bilal, A. R., Waqas, M., & Imran, M. K. (2022). Keeping up with this workload: The ramifications of work overload on career resilience. Kybernetes, 53(1), 188-215.
Flick, U. (2021). An Introduction to Qualitative Research (6th ed.). Sage Publications.
Garcia, M., & Patel, S. (2022). Strategies for Reducing Work Overload in Project Management. Project Management Journal, 53(1), 45-58.
Greenberg, J. (2021). Stress management in the workplace: A comprehensive approach. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 26(3), 245-258.
Hancock A. Peter, Paula A. Desmond. Stress, Workload, and Fatigue. (Mahwah, New Jersey.2001).p.243
Heriyanto, M., Arif Surana, M., Jamil, M., Desak Made Santi Diwyarthi, N., Saputra, N., Octafian, R., Sulistiyowati, R., Bakti, R., Setiadi, R., & Nopralia, S. (2020). Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia : Prinsip Dasar dan Aplikasi.
Houghton, C., Casey, L., Shaw, D., & Murphy, K. (2020). Rigour in Qualitative Case-Study Research. Nurse Researcher, 27(4), 8-12.
Johnson, L., & Lee, R. (2020). Factors Influencing Work Overload in Construction Projects. International Journal of Project Management, 38(4), 245-256.
Kahn, R. L., & Byosiere, P. (2020). Stress in organizations. In S. L. Sauter, J. J. Hurrell, & C. L. Cooper (Eds.), Aging and work in the 21st century (pp. 45-66).
Kahn, W. A., Hsiung, H., & Zohar, D. (2021). Work overload, stress, and fatigue: Implications for employee mental health. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 26(3), 312-325.
Karatepe, O. M. (2013). The effects of work overload and work-family conflict on job embeddedness and job performance: The mediation of emotional exhaustion. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 25(4), 614-634.
Kelly, E. L., & Moen, P. (2020). Fixing the overload problem at work. Sloan Management Review, 61(4), 1-9.
Kirch, W. (Ed.). (2008). Work OverloadWork overload. In Encyclopedia of Public Health (pp. 1466–1466). Springer Netherlands. htps://doi.org/10.1007/978‐ 1‐4020‐5614‐7_3775
Korpelainen, E., Laine, T., & Paavilainen, E. (2022). Social interaction at work and its role in reducing stress and enhancing mental well-being. International Journal of Workplace Health Management, 15(2), 78-92.
Lee, R. T., & Ashforth, B. E. (2021). Stress and recovery in the workplace: A review and future directions. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 42(5), 678-695.
Lee, R. T., & Ashforth, B. E. (2022). The impact of social support and task ambiguity on work overload. Journal of Applied Psychology, 107(4), 582-596.
Leite, C. C. F., Sato, T. O., Maia, H. M. S. F., & Cavalcante Neto, J. L. (2024). Work overload and associated factors in healthcare professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Healthcare Quality Research, 39(5), 291-298.
Lincoln, Y. S., & Guba, E. G. (1985). Naturalistic Inquiry. Sage Publications.
Macan, T. (2021). The impact of to-do lists on time management and employee productivity. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 45(3), 345-358.
Mahfudz, M. (2017). Pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja Dan Beban Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan dan Stres Kerja Sebagai Variabel Mediasi Pada Karyawan Divisi Sales Concumer Pt Bank Negara Indonesia (Persero) Tbk. Jurnal Eksekutif Volume 14 No. 1 Juni 2017 Indonesia, 14(1), 51–75.
Masriati, Abdullah, R., & Nongkeng, H. (2018). Pengaruh Beban Kerja, Karakteristik Individu Dan Disiplin Kerja Perawat Terhadap Kinerja Perawat Di Puskesmas Palanro Kabupaten Barru. YUME : Journal of Management, 1(3).
Merriam, S. B. (2009). Qualitative Research: A Guide to Design and Implementation. Jossey-Bass.
Moen, P., Lam, J., Ammons, S., & Kelly, E. L. (2013). Time work by overworked professionals: Strategies in response to the stress of higher status. Work and Occupations, 40(2),
Morrow, P. (2020). Employee Perspectives on Work Overload in Infrastructure Projects. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 25(3), 215-227.
Nabawi, R. (2019). Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja, Kepuasan Kerja dan Beban Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai. Maneggio: Jurnal Ilmiah Magister Manajemen, 2(2), 170–183.
Nguyen, T., Smith, R., & Chen, Y. (2023). The Importance of Workload Management in Project Success. Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, 40, 100-112.
Noble, H., & Smith, J. (2020). Issues of Validity and Reliability in Qualitative Research. Evidence-Based Nursing, 23(1), 22-23.
Nowell, L. S., Norris, J. M., White, D. E., & Moules, N. J. (2017). Thematic Analysis: Striving to Meet the Trustworthiness Criteria. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 16(1), 1-13.
Nurhasanah, N., Jufrizen, J., & Tupti, Z. (2022). Pengaruh Etika Kerja, Budaya Organisasi Dan Beban Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Dengan Kepuasan Kerja Sebagai Variabel Intervening. Jurnal Ekonomi & Ekonomi Syariah, 5(1), 245–261.
Orianhoi, A. L., & Ginting, S. (2025). The role of work overload on turnover intention and job stress as an intervening variable in Gen Z employees in Pontianak City. International Journal of Enterprise Modelling, 19(1), 31-39.
Patton, M. Q. (2015). Qualitative Research & Evaluation Methods: Integrating Theory and Practice. Sage Publications.
Puspaningtyas, N. (2020). Stres Kerja: Penyebab, Dampak, dan Strategi Mengatasinya. Jurnal Psikologi Indonesia, 22(1), 89-102.
Quezada Díaz, B., Hindrichs, I., & Castellanos Simons, D. (2024). Emerging psychosocial factors and work overload perceptions of Mexican university teachers and students working and studying from home during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Psychology, 15,
Rasool, T., Warraich, N. F., & Sajid, M. (2022). Examining the impact of technology overload at the workplace: A systematic review. SAGE Open, 12(3), 1-18.
Rebar, A. L., Hyde, A. L., & Xie, M. (2020). Physical activity and rest as contributors to mental and physical health during work overload. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 25(4), 500-513.
Saldaña, J. (2016). The Coding Manual for Qualitative Researchers (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
Sari, F., & Arif, M. (2021). Pengaruh Work Overload terhadap Kepuasan Kerja Melalui Burnout. Jurnal Psikologi, 15(3), 245-260.
Schaufeli, W. B., & Bakker, A. B. (2022). Theoretical and empirical advances in the study of burnout. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 9, 1-25.
Sinsky, C. A., Shanafelt, T. D., Dyrbye, L. N., et al. (2022). "Health care expenditures attributable to primary care physician overall and burnout-related turnover." Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 97(1), 1-10.
Smith, J., & Brown, A. (2021). Work Overload in Construction: Causes and Consequences. Journal of Construction Management, 15(2), 123-135.
Soleman, A. (2011). Analisis Beban Kerja Ditinjau Dari Faktor Usia Dengan Pendekatan Recommended Weiht Limit (Studi Kasus Mahasiswa Unpatti Poka). Arika, 5(2), 83-98.
Sonnentag, S., & Fritz, C. (2020). The impact of work overload on employee performance: The role of fatigue and critical periods. Journal of Applied Psychology, 105(5), 425-437.
Sugiyono ; Puji lestari.Metode Penelitian Komunikasi : Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, Analisis Teks, Cara Menulis Artikel Untuk Jurnal Nasional Dan Internasional / Sugiyono, Puji Lestari : Editor: Sunarto .2021
Sumaryono, dr. Roy. (2022). Peningkatan Produktivitas Karyawan pada Perusahaan Fabrikasi Baja.
Suyatno, A., Abdullah, A., Iriany Erny Sundah, D., Gede Satriawan, D., Palupiningtyas, D., Wijoyo, H., Kusuma Wardani, I., Indrawan, I., Perwira, I., Refiana Said, L.,
Taylor, S. E., Klein, L. C., & Lewis, B. P. (2023). "Biobehavioral responses to stress in females: Tend-and-befriend, not fight-or-flight." Psychological Review, 130(1), 1-20.
Thompson, H. (2019). The Impact of Work Overload on Employee Performance in Construction. Construction Management and Economics, 37(5), 321-330.
Tuckey, M. R., Bakker, A. B., & Dahl, M. (2021). The impact of work overload on work-life balance: Consequences for motivation and work engagement. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 26(1), 42-56.
Work–family conflict and flexible work arrangements: A meta-analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 108(2), 123-145.
Published
2025-05-17
How to Cite
Zirgy Isya Irdanovik, & Arif Hartono. (2025). Work-Overload At PT Perusahaan Perumahan Semarang Demak: Causes, Implications And Solutions. International Journal of Economics, Business and Innovation Research, 4(03), 627-645. https://doi.org/10.63922/ijebir.v4i03.1791
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Email : ijebir@citakonsultindo.or.id / editor.ijebir@gmail.com
