Strategic Human Resource Management and Organizational Justice in the Indonesian Police: Psychological Safety as a Mediator Toward Institutional Integrity
Keywords:
Strategic Human Resource Management, Organizational Justice, Institutional Integrity, Psychological Safety, Indonesian National Police
Abstract
Abstract
This study investigates the influence of Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM) and Organizational Justice on Institutional Integrity within the Indonesian National Police, with Psychological Safety acting as a mediating variable. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 100 police personnel from various units, and the data were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM).The results show that SHRM and Organizational Justice significantly enhance both Psychological Safety and Institutional Integrity. Specifically, SHRM had a stronger direct impact on Psychological Safety (β = 0.585) and Institutional Integrity (β = 0.333) compared to Organizational Justice (β = 0.464 and β = 0.233, respectively). Psychological Safety also showed a significant positive effect on Institutional Integrity (β = 0.410), confirming its role as a mediating mechanism. Theoretically, this study contributes to public sector ethics by integrating psychological safety into models of institutional integrity. Practically, it highlights the importance of value-based HR strategies and justice-driven managerial practices in fostering ethical resilience in hierarchical public organizations.
References
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Alotaibi, M. (2024). The Role of Trust in Supervisors as a Mediator Between Fairness of Appraisal Evaluation and Employee Satisfaction: Evidence From the Public Sector in Saudi Arabia. JoMW, 2024(5), 375–385. https://doi.org/10.53935/jomw.v2024i4.1134
Arora, M. P., Lodhia, S., & Stone, G. (2021). Enablers and Barriers to the Involvement of Accountants in Integrated Reporting. Meditari Accountancy Research, 30(3), 676–709. https://doi.org/10.1108/medar-11-2020-1102
Azam, M. M., & Bouckaert, G. (2024). Performance-Based Budgeting Reform and Evolution of Performance Information Quality: Empirical Analysis of Indonesia. Journal of Public Budgeting Accounting & Financial Management, 37(1), 25–47. https://doi.org/10.1108/jpbafm-12-2023-0223
Beaton, B., Todak, N., & Shjarback, J. A. (2022). The Benefits and Supervisory Styles of Women Police Leaders. Feminist Criminology, 17(5), 619–640. https://doi.org/10.1177/15570851211066107
Borges, J. A., Sampaio, K. Q. R., Brasil, K. R. C., Silva, F. S. V. F. Da, & Machado, Z. V. (2025). Mental Health of Piauí Military Police Officers: The Importance of Psychological Support. Revista De Gestão Social E Ambiental, 19(5), e012117. https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v19n5-016
Burhan, Q.-A., Khan, M. A., & Malik, M. F. (2023). “Ethical Leadership: A Dual Path Model for Fostering Ethical Voice Through Relational Identification, Psychological Safety, Organizational Identification and Psychological Ownership.” Rausp Management Journal, 58(4), 341–362. https://doi.org/10.1108/rausp-01-2023-0008
Cazan, A. (2023). Psychological Safety at Workplace During Changing Times. Trends and Research Implications. Psihologia Resurselor Umane, 21(2). https://doi.org/10.24837/pru.v21i2.550
Chughtai, M. S., Syed, F., & Naseer, S. (2022). Learning Organizations and Employees’ Outcomes: A Perspective of Psychosocial Safety Climate. Nice Research Journal, 15–46. https://doi.org/10.51239/nrjss.vi.329
Dollard, M. F., & Bailey, T. (2021). Building Psychosocial Safety Climate in Turbulent Times: The Case of COVID-19. Journal of Applied Psychology, 106(7), 951–964. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000939
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Edmondson, A. C., & Bransby, D. P. (2023). Psychological Safety Comes of Age: Observed Themes in an Established Literature. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 10(1), 55–78. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-120920-055217
Fatima, M., Izhar, Z., & Kazmi, Z. A. (2020). Organizational Justice and Employee Sustainability: The Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment. Seisense Journal of Management, 3(3), 12–22. https://doi.org/10.33215/sjom.v3i3.334
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Fitrianto, A., Suhariadi, F., & Minarno, N. B. (2025b). Challenges and Opportunities in Human Resource Management in Indonesian Law Enforcement: A Literature Review. Technium Social Sciences Journal, 67, 471–478. https://doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v67i1.12192
Gough, C., Coyne, I., & Munir, F. (2025). Organisational Readiness for Workplace Bullying Interventions: Conceptualisation and Measurement. International Journal of Conflict Management, 36(3), 675–696. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijcma-01-2025-0033
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Haeruddin, M. I. M. (2024). The Influence of Organisational Culture on the Institutional Strengthening Through a Resource-Based View. Asian Journal of Economics Business and Accounting, 24(7), 129–134. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajeba/2024/v24i71397
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., & Ray, S. (2021). An Introduction to Structural Equation Modeling. 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80519-7_1
Halbusi, H. A., Ruiz‐Palomino, P., Estévez, P. J., & Gutiérrez-Broncano, S. (2021). How Upper/Middle Managers’ Ethical Leadership Activates Employee Ethical Behavior? The Role of Organizational Justice Perceptions Among Employees. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.652471
Hilal, M., Purnomo, A., & Arief, S. (2024). Transforming Human Resources: The Key to Revolutionizing Indonesian Legal Reform and Justice System Efficiency. Journal of Law and Legal Reform, 5(3), 1469–1504. https://doi.org/10.15294/jllr.v5i3.16495
Ip, E., Srivastava, R., Lentz, L., Jasinoski, S., & Andérson, G. S. (2025). Antecedents of Workplace Psychological Safety in Public Safety and Frontline Healthcare: A Scoping Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 22(6), 820. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22060820
Jameel, A. S., Hamdi, S. S., Karem, M. A., & Ahmad, A. R. (2020). Organizational Justice and Job Satisfaction Among Nurses. Ukh Journal of Social Sciences, 4(2), 61–69. https://doi.org/10.25079/ukhjss.v4n2y2020.pp61-69
Kleygrewe, L., Oudejans, R. R. D., Koedijk, M., & Hutter, V. (2022). Police Training in Practice: Organization and Delivery According to European Law Enforcement Agencies. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.798067
Komari, N., & Sulistiowati, S. (2020). The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction in the Relationship Between Organizational Justice and Counterproductive Work Behaviors: A Study in Indonesia. Global Conference on Business and Social Sciences Proceeding, 11(1), 63–63. https://doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2020.11(63)
Kurniawan, H., & Wahyudi, I. (2024). Trust-building leadership and knowledge sharing in academic institutions. Journal of Workplace Learning.
Lim, C., & Kwak, D. (2022). Factors Influencing Public Trust in the Police in South Korea: Focus on Instrumental, Expressive, and Normative Models. Sage Open, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211068504
Mangai, M. S., Masiya, T., & Masemola, G. (2023). Engaging Communities as Partners: Policing Strategies in Johannesburg. Safer Communities, 23(1), 86–102. https://doi.org/10.1108/sc-04-2023-0012
Mousa, M., & Arslan, A. (2025). Strategic Human Resources Management in Times of Economic Uncertainty: A Lifebuoy for Employees? Journal of Organizational Effectiveness People and Performance. https://doi.org/10.1108/joepp-06-2024-0279
Mutongwizo, T. (2022). A Snapshot into Challenges of Policing Rural Zimbabwe-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/).
Ouyang, C., Zhu, Y., Ma, Z., & Qian, X. (2022). Why Employees Experience Burnout: An Explanation of Illegitimate Tasks. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(15), 8923. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19158923
Oyindamola, A. O., Opeyemi, D. L., & Oluwagaloba, A. J. (2022). Structural Reformation of Nigeria Police Force through Strategic Human Resource Management Framework. South Asian Journal of Social Studies and Economics, 31–48. https://doi.org/10.9734/sajsse/2022/v16i4619
Potipiroon, W., & Wongpreedee, A. (2020). Ethical Climate and Whistleblowing Intentions: Testing the Mediating Roles of Public Service Motivation and Psychological Safety Among Local Government Employees. Public Personnel Management, 50(3), 327–355. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091026020944547
Ramos, A., Koesmono, T., Ellitan, L., & Otok, B. (2023). The influence of strategic leadership, organizational learning, and organizational culture on organizational performance through organizational citizenship behavior in Timor-Leste National Police using structural equation modeling. Journal of Economics and Business, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.31014/aior.1992.06.01.497
Remtulla, R., Hagana, A., Houbby, N., Ruparell, K., Aojula, N., Menon, A., Thavarajasingam, S. G., & Meyer, E. (2021). Exploring the Barriers and Facilitators of Psychological Safety in Primary Care Teams: A Qualitative Study. BMC Health Services Research, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-06232-7
Ren, S., Cooke, F. L., Stahl, G. K., Fan, D., & Timming, A. R. (2023). Advancing the Sustainability Agenda Through Strategic Human Resource Management: Insights and Suggestions for Future Research. Human Resource Management, 62(3), 251–265. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.22169
Seo, H., & Kim, K. (2022). Factors Influencing Public Health Nurses’ Ethical Sensitivity During the Pandemic. Nursing Ethics, 29(4), 858–871. https://doi.org/10.1177/09697330211072367
Singh, A., & Jha, S. (2023). Team Innovation: The Role of Team Capabilities and Team Decision‐making. Global Business and Organizational Excellence, 43(4), 26–44. https://doi.org/10.1002/joe.22243
Solinas‐Saunders, M., Lambert, E. G., Haynes, S. H., Haynes, L. D., Leone, M. C., & May, D. C. (2024). The Association Between Organizational Justice and Organizational Trust Among Correctional Staff. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 51(5), 707–723. https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548241232227
Valerio, A. S. (2024). Enhancing Good Governance Through Strategic Human Resource Management: A Case Study of Zamboanga City, Philippines. Cognizance Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 4(6), 425–440. https://doi.org/10.47760/cognizance.2024.v04i06.026
Westover, J. H. (2025). Navigating the Political Maze: Fostering Work Engagement in Public Hospitals Through Motivation and Psychological Safety. HCLReview, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.70175/hclreview.2020.22.1.8
Wolfe, S. E., & Lawson, S. G. (2020). The Organizational Justice Effect Among Criminal Justice Employees: A Meta‐analysis*. Criminology, 58(4), 619–644. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12251
Workman‐Stark, A. L. (2020). Exploring Differing Experiences of a Masculinity Contest Culture in Policing and the Impact on Individual and Organizational Outcomes. Police Quarterly, 24(3), 298–324. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098611120976090
Yang, H. (2021). Contesting Legitimacy of Global Governance Institutions: The Case of the World Health Organization During the Coronavirus Pandemic. International Studies Review, 23(4), 1813–1834. https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viab047
Yoo, S. H. (2025). Botswana’s Political Leadership and Anti-Corruption Policy. Korea Assoc Corruption Stud, 30(1), 169–192. https://doi.org/10.52663/kcsr.2025.30.1.169
Al-Douri, Z. (2020b). Organizational Justice and Its Impact on Job Satisfaction: Evidence From Transportation Industry. Management Science Letters, 351–360. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2019.8.035
Alotaibi, M. (2024). The Role of Trust in Supervisors as a Mediator Between Fairness of Appraisal Evaluation and Employee Satisfaction: Evidence From the Public Sector in Saudi Arabia. JoMW, 2024(5), 375–385. https://doi.org/10.53935/jomw.v2024i4.1134
Arora, M. P., Lodhia, S., & Stone, G. (2021). Enablers and Barriers to the Involvement of Accountants in Integrated Reporting. Meditari Accountancy Research, 30(3), 676–709. https://doi.org/10.1108/medar-11-2020-1102
Azam, M. M., & Bouckaert, G. (2024). Performance-Based Budgeting Reform and Evolution of Performance Information Quality: Empirical Analysis of Indonesia. Journal of Public Budgeting Accounting & Financial Management, 37(1), 25–47. https://doi.org/10.1108/jpbafm-12-2023-0223
Beaton, B., Todak, N., & Shjarback, J. A. (2022). The Benefits and Supervisory Styles of Women Police Leaders. Feminist Criminology, 17(5), 619–640. https://doi.org/10.1177/15570851211066107
Borges, J. A., Sampaio, K. Q. R., Brasil, K. R. C., Silva, F. S. V. F. Da, & Machado, Z. V. (2025). Mental Health of Piauí Military Police Officers: The Importance of Psychological Support. Revista De Gestão Social E Ambiental, 19(5), e012117. https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v19n5-016
Burhan, Q.-A., Khan, M. A., & Malik, M. F. (2023). “Ethical Leadership: A Dual Path Model for Fostering Ethical Voice Through Relational Identification, Psychological Safety, Organizational Identification and Psychological Ownership.” Rausp Management Journal, 58(4), 341–362. https://doi.org/10.1108/rausp-01-2023-0008
Cazan, A. (2023). Psychological Safety at Workplace During Changing Times. Trends and Research Implications. Psihologia Resurselor Umane, 21(2). https://doi.org/10.24837/pru.v21i2.550
Chughtai, M. S., Syed, F., & Naseer, S. (2022). Learning Organizations and Employees’ Outcomes: A Perspective of Psychosocial Safety Climate. Nice Research Journal, 15–46. https://doi.org/10.51239/nrjss.vi.329
Dollard, M. F., & Bailey, T. (2021). Building Psychosocial Safety Climate in Turbulent Times: The Case of COVID-19. Journal of Applied Psychology, 106(7), 951–964. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000939
Domorenok, E., Graziano, P., & Polverari, L. (2021). Introduction: Policy Integration and Institutional Capacity: Theoretical, Conceptual and Empirical Challenges. Policy and Society, 40(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/14494035.2021.1902058
Edmondson, A. C., & Bransby, D. P. (2023). Psychological Safety Comes of Age: Observed Themes in an Established Literature. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 10(1), 55–78. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-120920-055217
Fatima, M., Izhar, Z., & Kazmi, Z. A. (2020). Organizational Justice and Employee Sustainability: The Mediating Role of Organizational Commitment. Seisense Journal of Management, 3(3), 12–22. https://doi.org/10.33215/sjom.v3i3.334
Fitrianto, A., Suhariadi, F., & Minarno, N. B. (2025a). Challenges and Opportunities in Human Resource Management in Indonesian Law Enforcement: A Literature Review. Technium Social Sciences Journal, 67, 471–478. https://doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v67i1.12192
Fitrianto, A., Suhariadi, F., & Minarno, N. B. (2025b). Challenges and Opportunities in Human Resource Management in Indonesian Law Enforcement: A Literature Review. Technium Social Sciences Journal, 67, 471–478. https://doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v67i1.12192
Gough, C., Coyne, I., & Munir, F. (2025). Organisational Readiness for Workplace Bullying Interventions: Conceptualisation and Measurement. International Journal of Conflict Management, 36(3), 675–696. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijcma-01-2025-0033
Habiburrochman, H., Saa, S., Indrayana, D., Khairunnisah, K., & Rahma, F. (2024). Tackling Corruption in the Public Sector: Innovative Approaches and Policy Reforms. Join, 1(6). https://doi.org/10.59613/ejan4589
Haeruddin, M. I. M. (2024). The Influence of Organisational Culture on the Institutional Strengthening Through a Resource-Based View. Asian Journal of Economics Business and Accounting, 24(7), 129–134. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajeba/2024/v24i71397
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., & Ray, S. (2021). An Introduction to Structural Equation Modeling. 1–29. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80519-7_1
Halbusi, H. A., Ruiz‐Palomino, P., Estévez, P. J., & Gutiérrez-Broncano, S. (2021). How Upper/Middle Managers’ Ethical Leadership Activates Employee Ethical Behavior? The Role of Organizational Justice Perceptions Among Employees. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.652471
Hilal, M., Purnomo, A., & Arief, S. (2024). Transforming Human Resources: The Key to Revolutionizing Indonesian Legal Reform and Justice System Efficiency. Journal of Law and Legal Reform, 5(3), 1469–1504. https://doi.org/10.15294/jllr.v5i3.16495
Ip, E., Srivastava, R., Lentz, L., Jasinoski, S., & Andérson, G. S. (2025). Antecedents of Workplace Psychological Safety in Public Safety and Frontline Healthcare: A Scoping Review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 22(6), 820. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph22060820
Jameel, A. S., Hamdi, S. S., Karem, M. A., & Ahmad, A. R. (2020). Organizational Justice and Job Satisfaction Among Nurses. Ukh Journal of Social Sciences, 4(2), 61–69. https://doi.org/10.25079/ukhjss.v4n2y2020.pp61-69
Kleygrewe, L., Oudejans, R. R. D., Koedijk, M., & Hutter, V. (2022). Police Training in Practice: Organization and Delivery According to European Law Enforcement Agencies. Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.798067
Komari, N., & Sulistiowati, S. (2020). The Mediating Role of Job Satisfaction in the Relationship Between Organizational Justice and Counterproductive Work Behaviors: A Study in Indonesia. Global Conference on Business and Social Sciences Proceeding, 11(1), 63–63. https://doi.org/10.35609/gcbssproceeding.2020.11(63)
Kurniawan, H., & Wahyudi, I. (2024). Trust-building leadership and knowledge sharing in academic institutions. Journal of Workplace Learning.
Lim, C., & Kwak, D. (2022). Factors Influencing Public Trust in the Police in South Korea: Focus on Instrumental, Expressive, and Normative Models. Sage Open, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440211068504
Mangai, M. S., Masiya, T., & Masemola, G. (2023). Engaging Communities as Partners: Policing Strategies in Johannesburg. Safer Communities, 23(1), 86–102. https://doi.org/10.1108/sc-04-2023-0012
Mousa, M., & Arslan, A. (2025). Strategic Human Resources Management in Times of Economic Uncertainty: A Lifebuoy for Employees? Journal of Organizational Effectiveness People and Performance. https://doi.org/10.1108/joepp-06-2024-0279
Mutongwizo, T. (2022). A Snapshot into Challenges of Policing Rural Zimbabwe-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0/).
Ouyang, C., Zhu, Y., Ma, Z., & Qian, X. (2022). Why Employees Experience Burnout: An Explanation of Illegitimate Tasks. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(15), 8923. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19158923
Oyindamola, A. O., Opeyemi, D. L., & Oluwagaloba, A. J. (2022). Structural Reformation of Nigeria Police Force through Strategic Human Resource Management Framework. South Asian Journal of Social Studies and Economics, 31–48. https://doi.org/10.9734/sajsse/2022/v16i4619
Potipiroon, W., & Wongpreedee, A. (2020). Ethical Climate and Whistleblowing Intentions: Testing the Mediating Roles of Public Service Motivation and Psychological Safety Among Local Government Employees. Public Personnel Management, 50(3), 327–355. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091026020944547
Ramos, A., Koesmono, T., Ellitan, L., & Otok, B. (2023). The influence of strategic leadership, organizational learning, and organizational culture on organizational performance through organizational citizenship behavior in Timor-Leste National Police using structural equation modeling. Journal of Economics and Business, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.31014/aior.1992.06.01.497
Remtulla, R., Hagana, A., Houbby, N., Ruparell, K., Aojula, N., Menon, A., Thavarajasingam, S. G., & Meyer, E. (2021). Exploring the Barriers and Facilitators of Psychological Safety in Primary Care Teams: A Qualitative Study. BMC Health Services Research, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-021-06232-7
Ren, S., Cooke, F. L., Stahl, G. K., Fan, D., & Timming, A. R. (2023). Advancing the Sustainability Agenda Through Strategic Human Resource Management: Insights and Suggestions for Future Research. Human Resource Management, 62(3), 251–265. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.22169
Seo, H., & Kim, K. (2022). Factors Influencing Public Health Nurses’ Ethical Sensitivity During the Pandemic. Nursing Ethics, 29(4), 858–871. https://doi.org/10.1177/09697330211072367
Singh, A., & Jha, S. (2023). Team Innovation: The Role of Team Capabilities and Team Decision‐making. Global Business and Organizational Excellence, 43(4), 26–44. https://doi.org/10.1002/joe.22243
Solinas‐Saunders, M., Lambert, E. G., Haynes, S. H., Haynes, L. D., Leone, M. C., & May, D. C. (2024). The Association Between Organizational Justice and Organizational Trust Among Correctional Staff. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 51(5), 707–723. https://doi.org/10.1177/00938548241232227
Valerio, A. S. (2024). Enhancing Good Governance Through Strategic Human Resource Management: A Case Study of Zamboanga City, Philippines. Cognizance Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 4(6), 425–440. https://doi.org/10.47760/cognizance.2024.v04i06.026
Westover, J. H. (2025). Navigating the Political Maze: Fostering Work Engagement in Public Hospitals Through Motivation and Psychological Safety. HCLReview, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.70175/hclreview.2020.22.1.8
Wolfe, S. E., & Lawson, S. G. (2020). The Organizational Justice Effect Among Criminal Justice Employees: A Meta‐analysis*. Criminology, 58(4), 619–644. https://doi.org/10.1111/1745-9125.12251
Workman‐Stark, A. L. (2020). Exploring Differing Experiences of a Masculinity Contest Culture in Policing and the Impact on Individual and Organizational Outcomes. Police Quarterly, 24(3), 298–324. https://doi.org/10.1177/1098611120976090
Yang, H. (2021). Contesting Legitimacy of Global Governance Institutions: The Case of the World Health Organization During the Coronavirus Pandemic. International Studies Review, 23(4), 1813–1834. https://doi.org/10.1093/isr/viab047
Yoo, S. H. (2025). Botswana’s Political Leadership and Anti-Corruption Policy. Korea Assoc Corruption Stud, 30(1), 169–192. https://doi.org/10.52663/kcsr.2025.30.1.169
Published
2025-07-05
How to Cite
Simaremare, R., Meiske Claudia, & Rini Rahmawati. (2025). Strategic Human Resource Management and Organizational Justice in the Indonesian Police: Psychological Safety as a Mediator Toward Institutional Integrity. International Journal of Economics, Business and Innovation Research, 4(04), 921-949. https://doi.org/10.63922/ijebir.v4i04.2025
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