The Impact of Job Security and Work Engagement on Performance, Mediated by Employee Well-being
Keywords:
Job Security, Work Engagement, Employee Well-being, Performance
Abstract
This study aims to investigate and analyze the impact of job security and work engagement on employee performance, with employee well-being mediating this relationship. Although Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) have consistently met targets, employees have not fully received their entitlements since the Covid-19 pandemic. This situation has led to numerous resignations and low attendance rates, identified as primary concerns regarding employee job security and engagement within the company. This research employs a quantitative approach. Data for this study were collected from primary sources, specifically through questionnaires distributed to 133 respondents, and secondary data obtained from literature reviews. Data analysis was conducted using SEM AMOS 24 software. The findings indicate a positive and significant influence of both job security and work engagement on performance, and that employee well-being mediates these effects.
References
Aguiar-Quintana, T., Nguyen, H., Araujo-Cabrera, Y., & Sanabria-Díaz, J. M. (2021). Do Job Insecurity, Anxiety and Depression Caused by The COVID-19 Pandemic Influence Hotel Employees’ Self-rated Task Performance? The Moderating Role of Employee Resilience. International Journal of Hospitality Management, Vol 94, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2021.102868
Al-Harazneh, R., Abu shosha, G. M., Al-Oweidat, I. A., & Nashwan, A. J. (2024). The Influence of Job Security on Job Performance Among Jordanian Nurses. International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, Vol. 20, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijans.2024.100681
Al Nahyan, M. T., Al Ahbabi, J. M., Alabdulrahman, M. A., Alhosani, I., Jabeen, F., & Farouk, S. (2024). Employee Job Security and Job Performance: The Mediating Role of Well-being and The Moderating Role of Perceived Organizational Support and Psychological Capital. European Journal of Management and Business Economics. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJMBE-01-2023-0011
Ammupriya, A., & Subrahmanyan, P. (2023). Enhancement of Work Engagement Through HRIS Adoption Mediated by Workplace Well-being. Brazilian Journal of Operations and Production Management, Vol. 20(No. 1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.14488/BJOPM.1499.2023
Bouckenooghe, D., De Clercq, D., Naseer, S., & Syed, F. (2022). A Curvilinear Relationship Between Work Engagement and Job Performance: the Roles of Feedback-Seeking Behavior and Personal Resources. Journal of Business and Psychology, Vol. 37(2), 353–368. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-021-09750-7
Carvajal-Arango, D., Vásquez-Hernández, A., & Botero-Botero, L. F. (2021). Assessment of Subjective Workplace Well-being of Construction Workers: A Bottom-up Approach. Journal of Building Engineering, Vol. 36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102154
Clack, L. (2021). Employee Engagement: Keys to Organizational Success. In The Palgrave Handbook of Workplace Well-Being (pp. 1001–1028). Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30025-8_77
Darvishmotevali, M., & Ali, F. (2020). Job Insecurity, Subjective Well-being and Job Performance: The Moderating Role of Psychological Capital. International Journal of Hospitality Management, Vol. 87, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102462
Fidyah, D. N., & Setiawati, T. (2020). Influence of Organizational Culture and Employee Engagement on Employee Performance: Job Satisfaction as Intervening Variable. Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research, Vol. 9(No. 4), 64–81.
Gallup. (2023). Why Does Employee Engagement Research Matter? (p. 1). Gallup, Inc.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate Data Analysis (8th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Hair, J. F., Howard, M. C., & Nitzl, C. (2020). Assessing Measurement Model Quality in PLS-SEM Using Confirmatory Composite Analysis. Journal of Business Research, 109, 101–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.11.069
Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., & Ray, S. (2021). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Using R: A Workbook. In Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal (Vol. 30, Issue 1). Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80519-7
Hayes, A. F. (2022). Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach (3rd ed.). The Guilford Press.
Ismail, H. N., Iqbal, A., & Nasr, L. (2019). Employee Engagement and Job Performance in Lebanon: The Mediating Role of Creativity. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, Vol. 68(No. 3), 506–523. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-02-2018-0052
Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological Conditions of Personal Engagement and Disengagement at Work. The Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 33(No. 4), 692–724. https://doi.org/10.2307/256287
Khoreva, V., & Wechtler, H. (2018). HR Practices and Employee Performance: The Mediating Role of Well-being. Employee Relations, Vol. 40(No. 2), 227–243. https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-08-2017-0191
Koen, J., Low, J. T. H., & Van Vianen, A. (2020). Job Preservation Efforts: When Does Job Insecurity Prompt Performance? Career Development International, Vol. 25(No. 3), 287–305. https://doi.org/10.1108/CDI-04-2018-0099
Koopmans, L., Bernaards, C. M., Hildebrandt, V. H., Lerner, D., De Vet, H. C. W., & Van Der Beek, A. J. (2016). Cross-cultural adaptation of the Individual Work Performance Questionnaire. WORK: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment & Rehabilitation, Vol. 53(No. 3), 609–619. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-152237
Kraimer, M. L., Wayne, S. J., Liden, R. C., & Sparrowe, R. T. (2005). The Role of Job Security in Understanding The Relationship Between Employees’ Perceptions of Temporary Workers and Employees’ Performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 90(No. 2), 389–398. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.2.389
Krejcie, R. V, & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining Sample Size for Research Activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, Vol. 30(No. 3), 607–610. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316447003000308
Lowe, G. (2020). Creating Healthy Organizations: Taking Action to Improve Employee Well-Being. University of Toronto.
Parent-Lamarche, A., Marchand, A., & Saade, S. (2021). How Do Work Organization Conditions Affect Job Performance? The Mediating Role of Workers’ Well-being. Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, Vol. 36(No. 1), 48–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/15555240.2021.1872382
Schaufeli, W., & Bakker, A. (2004). UWES - Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (p. 60). Occupational Health Psychology Unit, Utrecht University.
Sivapragasam, P., & Raya, R. P. (2018). HRM and Employee Engagement Link: Mediating Role of Employee Well-being. Global Business Review, Vol. 19(No. 1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150917713369
Tennant, R., Hiller, L., Fishwick, R., Platt, S., Joseph, S., Weich, S., Parkinson, J., Secker, J., & Stewart-Brown, S. (2007). The Warwick-Dinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS): Development and UK Validation. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 5(No. 63), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-5-63
Thakkar, J. J. (2020). Structural Equation Modelling: Application for Research and Practice (with AMOS and R). Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3793-6
Umrani, W. A., Afsar, B., Khan, M., & Ahmed, U. (2019). Addressing The Issue of Job Performance Among Hospital Physicians in Pakistan: The Role of Job Security, Organizational Support, and Job Satisfaction. Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research, Vol. 24(No. 3), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1111/jabr.12169
Yao, J., Qiu, X., Yang, L., Han, X., & Li, Y. (2022). The Relationship Between Work Engagement and Job Performance: Psychological Capital as a Moderating Factor. Frontiers in Psychology, Vol. 13, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.72913
Al-Harazneh, R., Abu shosha, G. M., Al-Oweidat, I. A., & Nashwan, A. J. (2024). The Influence of Job Security on Job Performance Among Jordanian Nurses. International Journal of Africa Nursing Sciences, Vol. 20, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijans.2024.100681
Al Nahyan, M. T., Al Ahbabi, J. M., Alabdulrahman, M. A., Alhosani, I., Jabeen, F., & Farouk, S. (2024). Employee Job Security and Job Performance: The Mediating Role of Well-being and The Moderating Role of Perceived Organizational Support and Psychological Capital. European Journal of Management and Business Economics. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJMBE-01-2023-0011
Ammupriya, A., & Subrahmanyan, P. (2023). Enhancement of Work Engagement Through HRIS Adoption Mediated by Workplace Well-being. Brazilian Journal of Operations and Production Management, Vol. 20(No. 1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.14488/BJOPM.1499.2023
Bouckenooghe, D., De Clercq, D., Naseer, S., & Syed, F. (2022). A Curvilinear Relationship Between Work Engagement and Job Performance: the Roles of Feedback-Seeking Behavior and Personal Resources. Journal of Business and Psychology, Vol. 37(2), 353–368. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-021-09750-7
Carvajal-Arango, D., Vásquez-Hernández, A., & Botero-Botero, L. F. (2021). Assessment of Subjective Workplace Well-being of Construction Workers: A Bottom-up Approach. Journal of Building Engineering, Vol. 36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jobe.2021.102154
Clack, L. (2021). Employee Engagement: Keys to Organizational Success. In The Palgrave Handbook of Workplace Well-Being (pp. 1001–1028). Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-30025-8_77
Darvishmotevali, M., & Ali, F. (2020). Job Insecurity, Subjective Well-being and Job Performance: The Moderating Role of Psychological Capital. International Journal of Hospitality Management, Vol. 87, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102462
Fidyah, D. N., & Setiawati, T. (2020). Influence of Organizational Culture and Employee Engagement on Employee Performance: Job Satisfaction as Intervening Variable. Review of Integrative Business and Economics Research, Vol. 9(No. 4), 64–81.
Gallup. (2023). Why Does Employee Engagement Research Matter? (p. 1). Gallup, Inc.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate Data Analysis (8th ed.). Cengage Learning.
Hair, J. F., Howard, M. C., & Nitzl, C. (2020). Assessing Measurement Model Quality in PLS-SEM Using Confirmatory Composite Analysis. Journal of Business Research, 109, 101–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.11.069
Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., & Ray, S. (2021). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Using R: A Workbook. In Structural Equation Modeling: A Multidisciplinary Journal (Vol. 30, Issue 1). Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-80519-7
Hayes, A. F. (2022). Introduction to Mediation, Moderation, and Conditional Process Analysis: A Regression-Based Approach (3rd ed.). The Guilford Press.
Ismail, H. N., Iqbal, A., & Nasr, L. (2019). Employee Engagement and Job Performance in Lebanon: The Mediating Role of Creativity. International Journal of Productivity and Performance Management, Vol. 68(No. 3), 506–523. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPPM-02-2018-0052
Kahn, W. A. (1990). Psychological Conditions of Personal Engagement and Disengagement at Work. The Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 33(No. 4), 692–724. https://doi.org/10.2307/256287
Khoreva, V., & Wechtler, H. (2018). HR Practices and Employee Performance: The Mediating Role of Well-being. Employee Relations, Vol. 40(No. 2), 227–243. https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-08-2017-0191
Koen, J., Low, J. T. H., & Van Vianen, A. (2020). Job Preservation Efforts: When Does Job Insecurity Prompt Performance? Career Development International, Vol. 25(No. 3), 287–305. https://doi.org/10.1108/CDI-04-2018-0099
Koopmans, L., Bernaards, C. M., Hildebrandt, V. H., Lerner, D., De Vet, H. C. W., & Van Der Beek, A. J. (2016). Cross-cultural adaptation of the Individual Work Performance Questionnaire. WORK: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment & Rehabilitation, Vol. 53(No. 3), 609–619. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-152237
Kraimer, M. L., Wayne, S. J., Liden, R. C., & Sparrowe, R. T. (2005). The Role of Job Security in Understanding The Relationship Between Employees’ Perceptions of Temporary Workers and Employees’ Performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 90(No. 2), 389–398. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.90.2.389
Krejcie, R. V, & Morgan, D. W. (1970). Determining Sample Size for Research Activities. Educational and Psychological Measurement, Vol. 30(No. 3), 607–610. https://doi.org/10.1177/001316447003000308
Lowe, G. (2020). Creating Healthy Organizations: Taking Action to Improve Employee Well-Being. University of Toronto.
Parent-Lamarche, A., Marchand, A., & Saade, S. (2021). How Do Work Organization Conditions Affect Job Performance? The Mediating Role of Workers’ Well-being. Journal of Workplace Behavioral Health, Vol. 36(No. 1), 48–76. https://doi.org/10.1080/15555240.2021.1872382
Schaufeli, W., & Bakker, A. (2004). UWES - Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (p. 60). Occupational Health Psychology Unit, Utrecht University.
Sivapragasam, P., & Raya, R. P. (2018). HRM and Employee Engagement Link: Mediating Role of Employee Well-being. Global Business Review, Vol. 19(No. 1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150917713369
Tennant, R., Hiller, L., Fishwick, R., Platt, S., Joseph, S., Weich, S., Parkinson, J., Secker, J., & Stewart-Brown, S. (2007). The Warwick-Dinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (WEMWBS): Development and UK Validation. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 5(No. 63), 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1477-7525-5-63
Thakkar, J. J. (2020). Structural Equation Modelling: Application for Research and Practice (with AMOS and R). Springer Nature. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3793-6
Umrani, W. A., Afsar, B., Khan, M., & Ahmed, U. (2019). Addressing The Issue of Job Performance Among Hospital Physicians in Pakistan: The Role of Job Security, Organizational Support, and Job Satisfaction. Journal of Applied Biobehavioral Research, Vol. 24(No. 3), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1111/jabr.12169
Yao, J., Qiu, X., Yang, L., Han, X., & Li, Y. (2022). The Relationship Between Work Engagement and Job Performance: Psychological Capital as a Moderating Factor. Frontiers in Psychology, Vol. 13, 1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.72913
Published
2025-07-21
How to Cite
Febriana, Ribhan, & Zainnur M Rusdi. (2025). The Impact of Job Security and Work Engagement on Performance, Mediated by Employee Well-being. International Journal of Economics, Business and Innovation Research, 4(04), 1481-1492. https://doi.org/10.63922/ijebir.v4i04.2107
.png)
Contact Person +6282139474255
Email : ijebir@citakonsultindo.or.id / editor.ijebir@gmail.com
