Audit Delay and Its Determinants: Financial Characteristics, Audit Firm Size, and Going Concern
Keywords:
Solvency, Profitability, PAF’S Size, Audit Delay, Property and Real Estate
Abstract
This study examines the effect of solvency, profitability, and public accounting firm (PAF) size on audit delay, with the going concern audit opinion as a moderating variable. The sample consists of property and real estate companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2020–2024 period. Secondary data were obtained from annual reports, financial statements, and audit reports published by the IDX. Panel data regression analysis was conducted using EViews software. The results show that solvency, profitability, and PAF size have positive and significant effects on audit delay. Furthermore, the going concern audit opinion moderates the relationship between financial characteristics and audit delay with varying effects. Specifically, the going concern audit opinion weakens the effect of solvency on audit delay but is not statistically significant. In contrast, it significantly strengthens the positive effect of profitability on audit delay. Meanwhile, the moderating effect of the going concern audit opinion on the relationship between PAF size and audit delay is negative but insignificant. These findings highlight the importance of financial characteristics and auditor-related factors in explaining audit delay in the property and real estate sector.
References
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Alhawamdeh, O., Salleh, Z., & Ismail, S. (2024). The role of auditor’s gender and audit firm size on the audit report lag and the role of key audit matters as a moderating variable.
Alsheikh, W. H., & Alsheikh, A. H. (2025). The role of risk committee and firm profitability in reducing audit report lag: Evidence from non-financial listed firms in Saudi Arabia. Global Journal of Economics and Business, 15(5), 612–624.
Annisa, D., & Unggul, U. E. (2018). Pengaruh ukuran perusahaan, jenis opini auditor, ukuran KAP, dan audit tenure terhadap audit delay. Jurnal Akuntansi, 3, 108–121.
Arfandi, S. D. (2025). Pendekatan systematic literature review: Faktor-faktor penerimaan opini audit going concern. Jurnal Eksplorasi Akuntansi (JEA), 7(1), 328–341.
Ayem, S., & Wulandari, A. A. (2023). Pengaruh ukuran perusahaan, kualitas audit, dan penerapan IFRS terhadap ketepatan waktu pelaporan keuangan. Jurnal Sosial dan Sains, 3(7), 724–732.
Bhuiyan, M. B. U., Man, Y., & Lont, D. H. (2024). Audit report lag and the cost of equity capital. Journal of Capital Markets Studies, 8(2), 212–241.
Choi, J., & Park, H. (2023). Financial distress and audit report lags: An empirical study in Korea. Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business, 25, 301.
De Carvalho, P. V., Ferrão, J., Alves, J. S., & Sarmento, M. (2023). The informational value contained in the different types of auditor’s opinions: Evidence from Portugal. Cogent Economics & Finance, 11(1), 2162688.
Devianto, A. (2015). Pengaruh ukuran kantor akuntan publik terhadap kualitas audit pada perusahaan manufaktur di Indonesia. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan, 7(2), 112–125.
Dinda, A., Gagaring, B., & Grace, C. (2021). Pengaruh ukuran perusahaan, leverage, profitabilitas, dan ukuran KAP terhadap audit delay. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Audit, 12(4), 305–320.
Endiana, I. D. M., & Suryandari, N. N. A. (2021). Opini going concern: Ditinjau dari agensi teori dan pemicunya. Ekuitas (Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan), 5(2), 224–242.
Endri, E., Dewi, S. S., & Pramono, S. E. (2024). The determinants of audit report lag: Evidence from Indonesia. Investment Management and Financial Innovations, 21(1), 0–12.
Erita, E. (2020). Pengaruh solvabilitas, profitabilitas, dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap audit delay pada perusahaan jasa sub sektor transportasi. Target: Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis, 2(2), 167–178.
Ferry, & Anggraeni, R. D. (2022). Pengaruh good corporate governance, likuiditas, dan solvabilitas terhadap opini audit going concern. Global Accounting: Jurnal Akuntansi, 1, 165–178.
Gbadamosi, R. M. (2025). Firms-related attributes and timely reporting: Evidence of listed family-owned firms in Nigeria.
Gligorić, M., Mizdraković, V., Mitrašinović, I., & Marković, V. B. (2019). Audit timeliness and market capitalization: Evidence from an emerging market. Industry/Industrija, 47(4).
Halimah, R., & Mia, S. (2021). Pengaruh profitabilitas, ukuran perusahaan, dan ukuran KAP terhadap audit delay perusahaan sektor pertambangan. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan, 14(2), 189–204.
Harini, G., & Siregar, L. M. (2020). Pengaruh profitabilitas, solvabilitas, ukuran perusahaan, dan ukuran KAP terhadap audit report lag. Menara Ekonomi, 6(1), 47–55.
Indriani, J. D., Mustaqmah, S. A., Kuliman, K., Petra, B. A., & Riani, V. (2022). Pengaruh debt to equity ratio, profitabilitas, dan kualitas auditor terhadap ketepatan waktu pelaporan keuangan. Jaksya: Jurnal Akuntansi Syariah, 2(1), 1–20.
Indriani, N., & Hariadi, B. (2021). Pengaruh audit tenure dan fee audit terhadap kualitas audit dengan ukuran KAP sebagai variabel moderating. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa FEB Universitas Brawijaya, 9(2), 1–19.
Irwan Adiraya, N. S. (2018). Pengaruh ukuran perusahaan, profitabilitas, solvabilitas, dan opini auditor terhadap audit delay. Jurnal Analisa Akuntansi dan Perpajakan, 2(2), 99–109.
Ismawati, I., & Nazir, N. (2023). Pengaruh audit tenure, profitabilitas, opini audit, dan leverage terhadap audit delay. Jurnal Ekonomi Trisakti, 3(1), 1745–1754.
John, A., Izien, O., & Godwin, O. (2025). Determinants of audit report lag of listed non-financial companies in Nigeria. International Journal of Financial Research and Management Science.
Kadek, A., Luh, B., & Ida, C. (2020). Pengaruh audit tenure, ukuran KAP, pergantian auditor, dan opini audit terhadap audit delay. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan, 13(2), 175–190.
Kasmir. (2018). Analisis laporan keuangan. PT Raja Grafindo Persada.
Khan, F., Abubakr, A. A. M., & Hussain, S. (2025). The nexus between audit features and timely financial reporting in the GCC region. International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies, 8(1), 421–438.
Khusnah, H., Faisal, A. A., Anugraini, M., Ula, F. F., & Husnaini, W. (2022). The effect of company size on audit delay: The moderating role of KAP’s reputation. Business and Finance Journal, 7(2), 161–174.
Luhur, B. (2020). Tahniatun Naili dan Nora Hilmia Primasari. Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Universitas Pamulang, 8(1), 63–74.
Masyta, D., Putri, T., Pagalung, G., & Pontoh, G. T. (2021). Pengaruh ukuran perusahaan, leverage, profitabilitas, dan ukuran KAP terhadap audit delay. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan, 14(2), 163–172.
Mohamad, T., Aditya, R., Seleman, L., & Dirvi, M. (2022). Pengaruh ukuran perusahaan, profitabilitas, dan solvabilitas terhadap audit delay. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan, 15(1), 120–135.
Nazerian, M. R., & Mobasser, K. S. (2024). Auditor’s opinion of going concern. Accounting and Auditing with Applications, 1(1), 46–53.
Pratiwi, S. S., & Kusumawati, E. (2023). The effects of liquidity, profitability, solvency, company size, and managerial ownership on audit report lag. International Journal of Latest Research in Humanities and Social Science, 6, 148–158.
Putra, R. A. S., Astuty, W., & Sari, E. N. (2021). Pengaruh kondisi keuangan, debt default, ukuran perusahaan, dan pertumbuhan perusahaan terhadap opini audit going concern. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi dan Bisnis, 21(1), 1–14.
Santoso, B., & Priatinah, D. (2016). Pengaruh profitabilitas terhadap nilai perusahaan sektor manufaktur. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan, 8(3), 210–225.
Saragih, M. R. (2018). Pengaruh ukuran perusahaan, solvabilitas, dan komite audit terhadap audit delay. Jurnal Akuntansi Berkelanjutan Indonesia, 1(3), 352–371.
Sauri, N. S., Setiawan, M., & Utama, M. F. S. (2024). Determinants of audit delay for Indonesian property and real estate companies. Indonesian Journal of Advanced Research, 3(10), 1529–1544.
Shlash, Y. F., & Fadhil, B. (2024). The effect of financial leverage on the delay in the audit report. American Journal of Business, 95–103.
Sofyan, M., Askandar, N. S., & Mahsuni, A. W. (2019). Pengaruh prediksi kebangkrutan, debt default, dan kondisi keuangan terhadap opini going concern. E-JRA, 8(1), 1–11.
Srbinoska, D. S., & Srbinoski, I. (2021). A study on audit report timeliness. International Journal of Management and Economics, 57(3), 234–254.
Tri Rahmawati, A., & Arief, A. (2020). Pengaruh audit tenure, ukuran KAP, profitabilitas, dan solvabilitas terhadap audit delay. Jurnal Ekonomi Trisakti, 2(2), 1079–1090.
Trisnaningsih, T. N., & Sutrisno, S. H. (2023). Pengaruh profitabilitas, solvabilitas, ukuran KAP, dan audit tenure terhadap audit delay. Jurnal Ekonomi Trisakti, 3(1), 1561–1572.
Tsipouridou, M. (2024). Key audit matters and audit rotation effects on audit report delays. International Journal of Banking, Accounting and Finance, 14(4), 443–478.
Widhiastuti, N. L. P., & Kumalasari, P. D. (2022). Opini audit going concern dan faktor-faktor penyebabnya. Jurnal Studi Akuntansi dan Keuangan, 5(1), 121–138.
Wulan, A. B. N. (2022). Analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi audit delay.
Wulandari, B., & Irwanto. (2020). Journal of Economic, Business and Accounting, 4(1), 274–281.
Wulandari, N. P., & Junaidi, J. (2024). Kesalahan mahasiswa non-matematika dalam melakukan uji normalitas. Mandalika Mathematics and Educations Journal, 6(1), 323–328.
Wulandari, N. P. I., & Wiratmaja, I. D. N. (2017). Pengaruh audit tenure dan ukuran perusahaan klien terhadap audit delay. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 21(1), 701–729.
Yiannoulis, Y., Vortelinos, D., & Passas, I. (2025). Exploring audit opinions. Accounting and Auditing, 1(1), 3
Alhawamdeh, O., Salleh, Z., & Ismail, S. (2024). The role of auditor’s gender and audit firm size on the audit report lag and the role of key audit matters as a moderating variable.
Alsheikh, W. H., & Alsheikh, A. H. (2025). The role of risk committee and firm profitability in reducing audit report lag: Evidence from non-financial listed firms in Saudi Arabia. Global Journal of Economics and Business, 15(5), 612–624.
Annisa, D., & Unggul, U. E. (2018). Pengaruh ukuran perusahaan, jenis opini auditor, ukuran KAP, dan audit tenure terhadap audit delay. Jurnal Akuntansi, 3, 108–121.
Arfandi, S. D. (2025). Pendekatan systematic literature review: Faktor-faktor penerimaan opini audit going concern. Jurnal Eksplorasi Akuntansi (JEA), 7(1), 328–341.
Ayem, S., & Wulandari, A. A. (2023). Pengaruh ukuran perusahaan, kualitas audit, dan penerapan IFRS terhadap ketepatan waktu pelaporan keuangan. Jurnal Sosial dan Sains, 3(7), 724–732.
Bhuiyan, M. B. U., Man, Y., & Lont, D. H. (2024). Audit report lag and the cost of equity capital. Journal of Capital Markets Studies, 8(2), 212–241.
Choi, J., & Park, H. (2023). Financial distress and audit report lags: An empirical study in Korea. Gadjah Mada International Journal of Business, 25, 301.
De Carvalho, P. V., Ferrão, J., Alves, J. S., & Sarmento, M. (2023). The informational value contained in the different types of auditor’s opinions: Evidence from Portugal. Cogent Economics & Finance, 11(1), 2162688.
Devianto, A. (2015). Pengaruh ukuran kantor akuntan publik terhadap kualitas audit pada perusahaan manufaktur di Indonesia. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan, 7(2), 112–125.
Dinda, A., Gagaring, B., & Grace, C. (2021). Pengaruh ukuran perusahaan, leverage, profitabilitas, dan ukuran KAP terhadap audit delay. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Audit, 12(4), 305–320.
Endiana, I. D. M., & Suryandari, N. N. A. (2021). Opini going concern: Ditinjau dari agensi teori dan pemicunya. Ekuitas (Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan), 5(2), 224–242.
Endri, E., Dewi, S. S., & Pramono, S. E. (2024). The determinants of audit report lag: Evidence from Indonesia. Investment Management and Financial Innovations, 21(1), 0–12.
Erita, E. (2020). Pengaruh solvabilitas, profitabilitas, dan ukuran perusahaan terhadap audit delay pada perusahaan jasa sub sektor transportasi. Target: Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis, 2(2), 167–178.
Ferry, & Anggraeni, R. D. (2022). Pengaruh good corporate governance, likuiditas, dan solvabilitas terhadap opini audit going concern. Global Accounting: Jurnal Akuntansi, 1, 165–178.
Gbadamosi, R. M. (2025). Firms-related attributes and timely reporting: Evidence of listed family-owned firms in Nigeria.
Gligorić, M., Mizdraković, V., Mitrašinović, I., & Marković, V. B. (2019). Audit timeliness and market capitalization: Evidence from an emerging market. Industry/Industrija, 47(4).
Halimah, R., & Mia, S. (2021). Pengaruh profitabilitas, ukuran perusahaan, dan ukuran KAP terhadap audit delay perusahaan sektor pertambangan. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan, 14(2), 189–204.
Harini, G., & Siregar, L. M. (2020). Pengaruh profitabilitas, solvabilitas, ukuran perusahaan, dan ukuran KAP terhadap audit report lag. Menara Ekonomi, 6(1), 47–55.
Indriani, J. D., Mustaqmah, S. A., Kuliman, K., Petra, B. A., & Riani, V. (2022). Pengaruh debt to equity ratio, profitabilitas, dan kualitas auditor terhadap ketepatan waktu pelaporan keuangan. Jaksya: Jurnal Akuntansi Syariah, 2(1), 1–20.
Indriani, N., & Hariadi, B. (2021). Pengaruh audit tenure dan fee audit terhadap kualitas audit dengan ukuran KAP sebagai variabel moderating. Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa FEB Universitas Brawijaya, 9(2), 1–19.
Irwan Adiraya, N. S. (2018). Pengaruh ukuran perusahaan, profitabilitas, solvabilitas, dan opini auditor terhadap audit delay. Jurnal Analisa Akuntansi dan Perpajakan, 2(2), 99–109.
Ismawati, I., & Nazir, N. (2023). Pengaruh audit tenure, profitabilitas, opini audit, dan leverage terhadap audit delay. Jurnal Ekonomi Trisakti, 3(1), 1745–1754.
John, A., Izien, O., & Godwin, O. (2025). Determinants of audit report lag of listed non-financial companies in Nigeria. International Journal of Financial Research and Management Science.
Kadek, A., Luh, B., & Ida, C. (2020). Pengaruh audit tenure, ukuran KAP, pergantian auditor, dan opini audit terhadap audit delay. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan, 13(2), 175–190.
Kasmir. (2018). Analisis laporan keuangan. PT Raja Grafindo Persada.
Khan, F., Abubakr, A. A. M., & Hussain, S. (2025). The nexus between audit features and timely financial reporting in the GCC region. International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies, 8(1), 421–438.
Khusnah, H., Faisal, A. A., Anugraini, M., Ula, F. F., & Husnaini, W. (2022). The effect of company size on audit delay: The moderating role of KAP’s reputation. Business and Finance Journal, 7(2), 161–174.
Luhur, B. (2020). Tahniatun Naili dan Nora Hilmia Primasari. Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi Universitas Pamulang, 8(1), 63–74.
Masyta, D., Putri, T., Pagalung, G., & Pontoh, G. T. (2021). Pengaruh ukuran perusahaan, leverage, profitabilitas, dan ukuran KAP terhadap audit delay. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan, 14(2), 163–172.
Mohamad, T., Aditya, R., Seleman, L., & Dirvi, M. (2022). Pengaruh ukuran perusahaan, profitabilitas, dan solvabilitas terhadap audit delay. Jurnal Akuntansi dan Keuangan, 15(1), 120–135.
Nazerian, M. R., & Mobasser, K. S. (2024). Auditor’s opinion of going concern. Accounting and Auditing with Applications, 1(1), 46–53.
Pratiwi, S. S., & Kusumawati, E. (2023). The effects of liquidity, profitability, solvency, company size, and managerial ownership on audit report lag. International Journal of Latest Research in Humanities and Social Science, 6, 148–158.
Putra, R. A. S., Astuty, W., & Sari, E. N. (2021). Pengaruh kondisi keuangan, debt default, ukuran perusahaan, dan pertumbuhan perusahaan terhadap opini audit going concern. Jurnal Riset Akuntansi dan Bisnis, 21(1), 1–14.
Santoso, B., & Priatinah, D. (2016). Pengaruh profitabilitas terhadap nilai perusahaan sektor manufaktur. Jurnal Ekonomi dan Keuangan, 8(3), 210–225.
Saragih, M. R. (2018). Pengaruh ukuran perusahaan, solvabilitas, dan komite audit terhadap audit delay. Jurnal Akuntansi Berkelanjutan Indonesia, 1(3), 352–371.
Sauri, N. S., Setiawan, M., & Utama, M. F. S. (2024). Determinants of audit delay for Indonesian property and real estate companies. Indonesian Journal of Advanced Research, 3(10), 1529–1544.
Shlash, Y. F., & Fadhil, B. (2024). The effect of financial leverage on the delay in the audit report. American Journal of Business, 95–103.
Sofyan, M., Askandar, N. S., & Mahsuni, A. W. (2019). Pengaruh prediksi kebangkrutan, debt default, dan kondisi keuangan terhadap opini going concern. E-JRA, 8(1), 1–11.
Srbinoska, D. S., & Srbinoski, I. (2021). A study on audit report timeliness. International Journal of Management and Economics, 57(3), 234–254.
Tri Rahmawati, A., & Arief, A. (2020). Pengaruh audit tenure, ukuran KAP, profitabilitas, dan solvabilitas terhadap audit delay. Jurnal Ekonomi Trisakti, 2(2), 1079–1090.
Trisnaningsih, T. N., & Sutrisno, S. H. (2023). Pengaruh profitabilitas, solvabilitas, ukuran KAP, dan audit tenure terhadap audit delay. Jurnal Ekonomi Trisakti, 3(1), 1561–1572.
Tsipouridou, M. (2024). Key audit matters and audit rotation effects on audit report delays. International Journal of Banking, Accounting and Finance, 14(4), 443–478.
Widhiastuti, N. L. P., & Kumalasari, P. D. (2022). Opini audit going concern dan faktor-faktor penyebabnya. Jurnal Studi Akuntansi dan Keuangan, 5(1), 121–138.
Wulan, A. B. N. (2022). Analisis faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi audit delay.
Wulandari, B., & Irwanto. (2020). Journal of Economic, Business and Accounting, 4(1), 274–281.
Wulandari, N. P., & Junaidi, J. (2024). Kesalahan mahasiswa non-matematika dalam melakukan uji normalitas. Mandalika Mathematics and Educations Journal, 6(1), 323–328.
Wulandari, N. P. I., & Wiratmaja, I. D. N. (2017). Pengaruh audit tenure dan ukuran perusahaan klien terhadap audit delay. E-Jurnal Akuntansi, 21(1), 701–729.
Yiannoulis, Y., Vortelinos, D., & Passas, I. (2025). Exploring audit opinions. Accounting and Auditing, 1(1), 3
Published
2026-01-14
How to Cite
Pasaribu, M. H., Erlina, & Rini, E. S. (2026). Audit Delay and Its Determinants: Financial Characteristics, Audit Firm Size, and Going Concern. International Journal of Economics, Business and Innovation Research, 5(01), 759-775. https://doi.org/10.63922/ijebir.v5i01.2821
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