Entrepreneurial Leadership, Entrepreneurial Character, and Intrapreneurial Behavior: Empirical Evidence from Private Higher Education Institutions in Surabaya
Keywords:
Perception Of Entrepreneurial Leadership, Entrepreneurial Character, Intrapreneurship Behavior, Private University
Abstract
Private universities are required to enhance competitiveness and institutional quality amid increasingly dynamic external pressures. To sustain operations and growth, particularly in financially independent institutions, effective management strategies and optimal resource utilization are essential. One strategic approach is fostering intrapreneurship behavior among lecturers, which plays a key role in driving innovation and generating alternative income sources. This study aims to examine the effect of perceptions of entrepreneurial leadership and entrepreneurial character on intrapreneurship behavior, both partially and simultaneously, in private universities in Surabaya. This research employs a quantitative approach. The population consists of 55 accredited private universities in Surabaya, including institutions with Excellent (A), Very Good (B), and Good (C) accreditation levels. Data were analyzed using multiple linear regression with the support of SPSS 25 to examine relationships among variables, along with descriptive analysis of respondent characteristics. The findings indicate that perceptions of entrepreneurial leadership do not significantly influence intrapreneurship behavior. In contrast, entrepreneurial character has a positive and significant effect, suggesting that individual attributes play a more dominant role in shaping innovative behavior. However, when tested simultaneously, both variables significantly influence intrapreneurship behavior, indicating a complementary relationship between individual and organizational factors. These findings imply that private universities should focus on strengthening lecturers’ entrepreneurial character through incentives, recognition, and capacity-building programs such as seminars or workshops. Such initiatives are expected to stimulate intrapreneurial activities, particularly those contributing to income-generating efforts and institutional sustainability.
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Fontana, A., & Musa, S. (2017). The impact of entrepreneurial leadership on innovation management and its measurement validation. International Journal of Innovation Science, 9(1), 2–19. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJIS-05-2016-0004
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Ghozali, I. (2014). Structural Equation Modeling, Metode Alternatif dengan Partial Least Square (PLS) (4 ed.). Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
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Hermawan, Asep, Prof, Dr, M. S. (2009). Penelitian Bisnis, Paradigma Kuantitatif. Grasindo, PT Gramedia Widiasarana Indonesia.
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Hult, G. T. M., Snow, C. C., & Kandemir, D. (2003). The role of entrepreneurship in building cultural competitiveness in different organizational types. Journal of Management, 29(3), 401–426. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0149-2063(03)00017-5
Indawati, N., Witjaksono, A. D., & Kistyanto, A. (2018). The Impact of Entrepreneurial Leadership on Innovation Process and Innovation Performance. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(9), 573–582. https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v8-i9/4639
Kerr, S., & Jermier, J. M. (1978). Substitutes for leadership: Their meaning and measurement. Organizational Behavior and Human Performance, 22(3), 375–403. https://doi.org/10.1016/0030-5073(78)90023-5
Kistyanto, A., Budiono, Indawati, N., Fazlurrahman, H., Kautsar, A., & Rahman, Z. (2018). Food industry performance: Entrepreneurial leadership and human capital perspective. International Journal of Mechanical Engineering and Technology, 9(6), 1199–1208.
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Leitch, C. M., & Volery, T. (2017). Entrepreneurial leadership: Insights and directions. International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship, 35(2), 147–156. https://doi.org/10.1177/0266242616681397
Letonja, M., Jeraj, M., & Marič, M. (2016). An empirical study of the relationship between entrepreneurial competences and innovativeness of successors in family SMEs. Organizacija, 49(4), 225–239. https://doi.org/10.1515/orga-2016-0020
Maisaroh, M. (2019). Kajian Karakteristik Kewirausahaan Terhadap Keberhasilan Usaha Ukm (Studi Kasus Sentra Industri Konveksi Dusun Mlangi Dan Sawahan Nogotirto Gamping Sleman Yogyakarta). Jurnal Ekonomi, Bisnis, dan Akuntansi, 21(2), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.32424/jeba.v21i2.1318
Mardia, Hasibuan, A., Simarmata, J., Saragih, L., Purba, S. D., Aggusti, M., Lifchatullaillah, E., Purba, B., Noviastuti, N., Gemilang, I. K. D. F. A. G., Purba, S., & Tanjung, R. (2021). Kewirausahaan. In A. Karim (Ed.), Paper Knowledge . Toward a Media History of Documents (1st ed.). Yayasan Kita Menulis. https://doi.org/978-623-6840-72-6
Mariotti, S. (2010). Entrepreneurship Owning Your Future: Eleventh Edition.
Mokhber, M., Tan, G. G., Vakilbashi, A., Zamil, N. A. M., & Basiruddin, R. (2016). Impact of entrepreneurial leadership on organization demand for innovation: Moderating role of employees innovative self-efficacy. International Review of Management and Marketing, 6(3), 415–421.
Naibaho, J. S. S., & Sitinjak, I. (2020). DAMPAK KARAKTER WIRAUSAHA DAN LOKASI USAHA BAGI KEBERHASILAN USAHA TOKO PAKAIAN DI KOTA MEDAN Johannes. Journal of Economics and Business, 02(02), 52–64. https://jurnal.uhn.ac.id/index.php/ekonomibisinis/article/view/560
Nazir, M. (2005). Metode Penelitian. Ghalia Indonesia.
Noordiana, N., Yulia, R., Iriani, S. S., Witjaksono, A. D., Wulandari, S. S., Universitas, P., & Surabaya, N. (2022). IMPROVEMENT OF INTRAPRENEURSHIP BEHAVIOR IN HIGHER EDUCATION. Jurnal Pendidikan Edutama, 9(1), 193–212. https://ejurnal.ikippgribojonegoro.ac.id/index.php/JPE/article/view/2167/pdf
Pasolong, H. (2013). Kepemimpinan Birokrasi. Alfabeta.
Pirhadi, H., Soleimanof, S., & Feyzbakhsh, A. (2021). Unpacking entrepreneurial alertness: How character matters for entrepreneurial thinking. Journal of Small Business Management, 00(00), 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1080/00472778.2021.1907584
Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2014). Essential of Organizational Behavior 12th edition.
Schmutzler, J., Andonova, V., & Diaz-Serrano, L. (2019). How Context Shapes Entrepreneurial Self-Efficacy as a Driver of Entrepreneurial Intentions: A Multilevel Approach. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 43(5), 880–920. https://doi.org/10.1177/1042258717753142
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016a). Research Methods for Business: A Skill-Building Approach (Seventh). John Wiley & Sons.
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016b). Research Methods for business. In Wiley (7th ed.). John Wiley & Sons. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0753-5_102084
Shian, V. C. M., Ayob, N., Luva, R. H., Tehseen, S., Meng, C. S., Haider, S. A., & Yusof, M. (2022). Impact of personal characteristics on intrapreneurs’ behaviours. International Journal of Entrepreneurship, 26(4), 1–15.
Sugiyono. (2017a). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. CV Alfabeta.
Suwanto. (2019). Pengaruh Gaya Kepemimpinan dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Unit Telesales Pada PT BFI Finance Indonesia TBK. Jurnal Ekonomi Efektif, 1(2), 158–166.
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Published
2026-04-24
How to Cite
Novie Noordiana Rachma Yulia, Sri Setyo Iriani, & Andre Dwijanto Witjaksono. (2026). Entrepreneurial Leadership, Entrepreneurial Character, and Intrapreneurial Behavior: Empirical Evidence from Private Higher Education Institutions in Surabaya. International Journal of Economics, Business and Innovation Research, 5(03), 640-663. https://doi.org/10.63922/ijebir.v5i03.3246
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