The Relationship between Physical Environment, Air Quality and Noise to Patient Comfort Levels in the Standard Inpatient Class (KRIS) of RS X Kudus
Keywords:
Air Quality, Hospital Environment, Inpatient Care, Noise, Patient Comfort
Abstract
This study is motivated by the importance of the physical environment of the hospital in supporting patient comfort and recovery, especially in the Standard Inpatient Classroom which has a high occupancy rate. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the physical environment, air quality, and noise on the level of patient comfort. The study used a quantitative approach with a cross-sectional design. The population was all inpatients of KRIS Hospital X Kudus in 2025 totaling 11,480 patients, with a sample of 99 respondents selected through purposive sampling. The research instrument was a Likert scale questionnaire that had been tested for validity and reliability, while data analysis used univariate and bivariate tests with Chi-Square. The results showed that the physical environment (p = 0.018), air quality (p <0.001), and noise (p = 0.001) had a significant relationship with the level of patient comfort, where air quality was the most dominant factor. The conclusion of this study is that improving the quality of the physical environment in an integrated manner, especially ventilation management and noise control, is very important to improve patient comfort and support the healing process in the inpatient room.
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Arifin, R., Lestari, P., & Wahyuni, E. (2022). The influence of the physical environment on patient satisfaction in type C hospitals. Indonesian Journal of Hospital Administration, 10(2), 101–110.
Ayu, D., & Posmaningsih, A. (2022). Inhaled dust levels reduce the vital lung capacity of iron candle workers. Journal of Environmental Health, 12(2), 72–80.
Busari, M., & Henry, G. (2025). Impact of hospital environment on patient satisfaction: Studying facility design, cleanliness, noise reduction, and comfort measures.
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2023). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (6th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Dedi, D., Destriantomy, D., & Murniati, M. (2023). Analysis of noise levels due to transportation activities at Bhayangkara Hospital, Palangkaraya City. Journal of Environmental Engineering, 7(1), 54–61.
Dewi, NKAT, & Arini, IA (2019). The influence of service quality and physical environment on patient satisfaction at the Bali Humanitarian Care Foundation (YPK) in Denpasar. Equilibrium Journal of Management and Business, 5(1), 94–101.
Dewi, S., & Rustam, M. (2024). A holistic approach to perioperative nursing care and the application of Kolcaba's comfort theory in nursing.
Efendi, Y., Muzawi, R., Lusiana, L., & Sularno, S. (2020). A microcontroller-based noise detection and voice alert system as a comfort control for inpatients. Journal of Business Technology and Information Systems (JTEKSIS), 2(1), 1–7.https://doi.org/10.47233/jteksis.v2i1.xxx
Efri, E., et al. (2025). [References related to hospital environmental management].
Emzir. (2021). Educational research methodology: Quantitative and qualitative. Rajawali Pers.
Farid, A. (2022). The influence of work environment and workload on work commitment of health administrators in hospitals. Jurnal Teras Kesehatan, 5(2), 11–16.https://doi.org/10.38215/jtkes.v5i1.90
Farid, A., & Rahmawati, I. (2025). Effectiveness of human resource cost control in hospital A Jepara Regency.
Farid, A., Widodo, T., Setyaningrum, Y., & Maturidi, I. (2021). Services of local community service agency and its correlation with job satisfaction of employees in Klambu Health Center, Grobogan, Central Java.https://doi.org/10.26911/icphmanagement.fp.08.2021.05
Faridah, F., et al. (2021). [Data on utilization of regional general hospital services].
Fakhryan, F., et al. (2022). The impact of noise on health workers.
Ghozali, I. (2018). Multivariate analysis application with IBM SPSS program (9th Edition). Diponegoro University Publishing Agency.
Handayani, D., & Prasetyo, B. (2021). The relationship between hospital environmental comfort and patient satisfaction. Journal of Health Service Management, 24(1), 35–42.
Ilic, P., Markic, D.N., Bjelic, L.S., et al. (2022). Ventilation strategies for healthy indoors in hospitals. In Viruses, bacteria and fungi in the built environment (pp. 273–287). Elsevier.https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-323-85206-7.00010-1
Islamy, I. (2024). The impact of noise on patient communication and comfort.
Jalilian, F., Tavakol, K., & Ranjbar, H. (2021). Patient perception of hospital environment and its influence on well-being: A cross-sectional study. International Journal of Healthcare Management, 14(2), 112–120.
Kolcaba, K.Y. (1994). A theory of holistic comfort for nursing. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 19(6), 1178–1184.https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2648.1994.tb01202.x
Lan, L., Lian, Z., & Pan, L. (2019). Effects of indoor temperature on patient comfort and recovery in healthcare settings. Building and Environment, 157, 1–10.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2019.03.005
Machali, I. (2021). Quantitative research methods. UIN Sunan Kalijaga Press.
Mamboh, M., et al. (2025). The influence of the physical environment on patient satisfaction.
Misra, S., & Pandey, A. (2019). Hospital cleanliness and its impact on patient comfort. Journal of Hospital Administration, 6(3), 45–53.
Muttaqin, MZ, & Jj, W. (2021). The effect of traffic activity on noise in hospital areas in Pekanbaru City.
Ningsih, N., & Assagaf, A. (2022). Air quality and the risk of nosocomial infections.
Pangestika, NPW, Posmaningsih, DAA, Rusminingsih, NK, & Hadi, MC (2025). The effect of physical air quality on the satisfaction of class III inpatients. Journal of Environmental Health.
Purwaningrum, SI (2024). Air quality monitoring.
Rakhman, F., Fitriani, AD, & Jamaluddin, J. (2022). The effect of the physical environment of class III inpatient rooms on patient satisfaction. Kusuma Husada Health Journal, 13(1), 93–100.
Ranayudha, LM (2020). The influence of physical and non-physical work environments on employee job satisfaction.
Saad Baqer, N., Mohammed, HA, Albahri, AS, et al. (2022). Development of IoT sensory technology for indoor air quality. Measurement, 192, 110920.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2022.110920
Septianingrum, AA, & Martini, I. (2023). The influence of product quality and convenience on consumer satisfaction. Journal of Management Science and Entrepreneurship Research, 1(6), 272–288.https://doi.org/10.61132/maeswara.v1i6.409
Singkam, AR (2020). Noise conditions in lecture buildings at the University of Bengkulu. PENDIPA Journal of Science Education, 4(2), 14–20.https://doi.org/10.33369/pendipa.4.2.14-20
Sugiyono. (2021). Quantitative, qualitative, and R&D research methods. Alfabeta.
Sulastri, E., & Indriani, R. (2020). The influence of physical environmental quality on perceived service quality. Journal of Health Research, 8(2), 102–110.
Tian, Y. (2023). A review on factors related to patient comfort experience in hospitals. Journal of Health, Population and Nutrition, 42, Article 125.https://doi.org/10.1186/s41043-023-00465-4
Tiaraningrum, H., Zulfani, SD, Jabbar, A., & Fariz, TR (2022). Comparison of indoor air quality in buildings.
Wachidyantari, C., & Setiawardani, M. (2022). The effectiveness of servicescape arrangement in increasing customer satisfaction. Applied Business and Administration Journal, 1(3), 128–140.https://doi.org/10.62201/7zh3fc90
World Health Organization. (2018). Guidelines on hospital environmental health and infection prevention. WHO.
Published
2026-05-03
How to Cite
Aprillia Cindy Artanti, Rusnoto, & Ahmad Farid. (2026). The Relationship between Physical Environment, Air Quality and Noise to Patient Comfort Levels in the Standard Inpatient Class (KRIS) of RS X Kudus. International Journal of Economics, Business and Innovation Research, 5(03), 1303-1321. https://doi.org/10.63922/ijebir.v5i03.3398
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