Farmer Regeneration in Indonesia: A Literature Review of the Determinants of Declining Youth Interest in the Agricultural Sector
Keywords:
Agricultural sector, Farmer regeneration, Young farmers, Youth interest
Abstract
Farmer regeneration has become a strategic issue in Indonesian agricultural development, as the agricultural sector faces an aging workforce and declining interest among young people in pursuing farming as an occupation. This study aims to systematically review the determinants of declining youth interest in the agricultural sector in Indonesia. The method employed is a Systematic Literature Review guided by the PRISMA 2020 framework. Literature was collected from Scopus, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, DOAJ, Garuda, SINTA, and national journal portals. The articles analyzed were selected based on inclusion criteria, namely publication between 2016 and 2026, written in Indonesian or English, available in full text or with complete metadata, and relevant to the issues of farmer regeneration, young farmers, and youth interest in agriculture. Of the 210 articles initially identified, 30 articles met the eligibility criteria and were analyzed using a thematic analysis approach. The findings indicate that declining youth interest in the agricultural sector is influenced by economic, structural, and social factors, as well as education and career aspirations, technology and digitalization, and institutional support. The conceptual synthesis shows that youth interest in becoming farmers is a key variable that mediates various determinants toward sustainable farmer regeneration. This study recommends the need for integrated policies through economic incentives, access to land and financing, agricultural digitalization, vocational agricultural education, and the strengthening of young farmer institutions.
References
Anwarudin, O., Sumardjo, Satria, A., & Fatchiya, A. (2018). A review on farmer regeneration and its determining factors in Indonesia. International Journal of Progressive Sciences and Technologies, 10(2), 218–230.
Anwarudin, O., Sumardjo, Satria, A., & Fatchiya, A. (2019). Factors influencing the entrepreneurial capacity of young farmers for farmer succession. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 9(1), 1008–1014. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.A4611.119119
Anwarudin, O., Sumardjo, Satria, A., & Fatchiya, A. (2020a). Peranan penyuluh pertanian dalam mendukung keberlanjutan agribisnis petani muda di Kabupaten Majalengka. Jurnal Agribisnis Terpadu, 13(1), 17–36. https://doi.org/10.33512/JAT.V13I1.7984
Anwarudin, O., Sumardjo, Satria, A., & Fatchiya, A. (2020b). Proses dan pendekatan regenerasi petani melalui multistrategi di Indonesia. Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Pertanian, 39(2), 73–85. https://doi.org/10.21082/jp3.v39n2.2020.p73-85
Anwarudin, O., Sumardjo, Satria, A., & Fatchiya, A. (2020c). The entrepreneurial capacity of young farmers on agribusiness activities in West Java. Jurnal Penyuluhan, 16(2), 267–276. https://doi.org/10.25015/16202031039
Arvianti, E. Y., Masyhuri, Waluyati, L. R., & Darwanto, D. H. (2019). Gambaran krisis petani muda di Indonesia. Agriekonomika, 8(2), 168–180. https://doi.org/10.21107/agriekonomika.v8i2.5429
Bahagia, Wibowo, R., Susetyo, B., Al-Wahid, A., Teniro, B., & Saripudin, U. (2025). Peran pemuda petani mewujudkan pembangunan pertanian berkelanjutan. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Dan Riset Pendidikan, 4(1), 4892–4900. https://doi.org/10.31004/jerkin.v4i1.2410
Borda, A. J., Sarvari, B., & Balogh, J. M. (2023). Generation change in agriculture: A systematic review of the literature. Economies, 11(5), 129. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies11050129
Dayat, Anwarudin, O., & Makhmudi, M. (2020). Regeneration of farmers through rural youth participation in chili agribusiness. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 9(3), 1201–1206.
Hartini, I. (2021). Peranan penyuluh pertanian dalam mendukung keberlanjutan agribisnis petani muda di Kecamatan Tanjung Tebat Kabupaten Lahat. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Kelingi, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.58328/jipk.v1i2.24
Haryanto, Y., Anwarudin, O., & Yuniarti, W. (2021). Progressive farmers as catalysts for regeneration in rural areas: Through farmer to farmer extension approach. Plant Archives, 21(1), 867–874.
Makabori, Y. Y., & Tapi, T. (2019). Generasi muda dan pekerjaan di sektor pertanian: Faktor persepsi dan minat. Jurnal Triton, 10(2).
Malik, R., Panjaitan, A. A., & Rianti, N. (2024). Generasi yang pergi, ladang yang sepi: Potret krisis petani muda di Sumatera Utara. Jurnal Humaniora Teknologi, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.34128/jht.v10i2.211
Melani, A., Karim, A. R., & Prasetyo, K. (2025). Analisis minat mahasiswa Generasi Z untuk berkarier di bidang pertanian dengan pendekatan Social Cognitive Career Theory. SINTA Journal: Science, Technology and Agriculture Journal, 6(1), 115–126. https://doi.org/10.37638/sinta.6.1.115-126
Mularahman, Yasin, M., & Herdiana. (2023). Peranan penyuluh pertanian dalam mendukung keberlanjutan usaha agribisnis pemuda tani: Studi kasus di Desa Lantan Kecamatan Batukliang Utara Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Jurnal Ekonomi Utama, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.55903/juria.v2i3.134
Ngadi, N., Zaelany, A. A., Latifa, A., Harfina, D., Asiati, D., Setiawan, B., Ibnu, F., Triyono, T., & Rajagukguk, Z. (2023). Challenge of Agriculture Development in Indonesia: Rural Youth Mobility and Aging Workers in Agriculture Sector. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15020922
Nugroho, C. B. T., Sugihardjo, Permatasari, P., & Anantanyu, S. (2024). Farmer regeneration crisis in villages: Case study of youth in Sragen, Indonesia. Journal of Agrosociology and Sustainability, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.61511/jassu.v2i1.2024.775
Nurarifin, & Kurniawan, B. D. (2025). Youth, agriculture, and food security: Understanding the farmer regeneration challenge in Sumatra. The Journal of Indonesia Sustainable Development Planning, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.46456/jisdep.v6i1.650
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., … Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. In BMJ (Vol. 372). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
Rahman, Suryanto, Maryeti, D., & Ahmad, A. (2025). Strategi peningkatan minat generasi muda bekerja di sektor pertanian di Kabupaten Kolaka Utara. Tarjih: Agribusiness Development Journal, 5(2), 273–286. https://doi.org/10.47030/tadj.v5i2.1000
Saleh, R., Oktafiani, I., & Sitohang, M. Y. (2021). Sulitnya regenerasi petani pada kelompok generasi muda. Jurnal Studi Pemuda, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.22146/studipemudaugm.62533
Saputra, A., Istiqomah, & Binardjo, G. (2021). What attracts rural youth to farming? Evidence from Central Java. Agrisocionomics: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Dan Kebijakan Pertanian.
Setiani, S. Y., Pratiwi, T., & Fitrianto, A. R. (2021). Tenaga muda pertanian dan ketahanan pangan di Indonesia. Cakrawala: Jurnal Litbang Kebijakan, 15(2). https://doi.org/10.32781/cakrawala.v15i2.386
Sitanggang, A., Alfi, H., & Syafri, E. (2025). Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi minat generasi muda terhadap sektor pertanian: Literature review. Mimbar Agribisnis: Jurnal Pemikiran Masyarakat Ilmiah Berwawasan Agribisnis, 11(2).
Sudrajat, J., Fitrianti, W., & Suyatno, A. (2025). Strengthening agricultural regeneration: Determinants of young farmers’ performance in sub-urban villages. AGRARIS: Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development Research, 11(2), 215–233. https://doi.org/10.18196/agraris.v11i2.503
Susilowati, S. H. (2016a). Fenomena penuaan petani dan berkurangnya tenaga kerja muda serta implikasinya bagi kebijakan pembangunan pertanian. Forum Penelitian Agro Ekonomi, 34(1), 35–55.
Susilowati, S. H. (2016b). Kebijakan insentif untuk petani muda: Pembelajaran dari berbagai negara dan implikasinya bagi kebijakan di Indonesia. Forum Penelitian Agro Ekonomi, 34(2), 103–123.
Taopik, O. A., Dayat, Achdiyat, Billah, M. T., & Anwarudin, O. (2018). Profil petani muda di Kabupaten Cianjur Jawa Barat. Jurnal Triton: Pertanian, 9(2), 71–85.
Toumbourou, T. D., Dressler, W. H., Sanders, A., Liu, E., Brown, T., & Utomo, A. (2025). Who are the future farmers? Media representations of youth in agriculture, food security and modern farming in Indonesia. Asia Pacific Viewpoint. https://doi.org/10.1111/apv.12374
Zul, M. M., Muhammad, S. W., Imas, M., Haqiqi, H., & Ramadhani, F. P. (2024). Young farmer motivations for farmer regeneration in East Lombok Regency, Indonesia. BIO Web of Conferences, 143, 01017. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202414301017
Anwarudin, O., Sumardjo, Satria, A., & Fatchiya, A. (2019). Factors influencing the entrepreneurial capacity of young farmers for farmer succession. International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering, 9(1), 1008–1014. https://doi.org/10.35940/ijitee.A4611.119119
Anwarudin, O., Sumardjo, Satria, A., & Fatchiya, A. (2020a). Peranan penyuluh pertanian dalam mendukung keberlanjutan agribisnis petani muda di Kabupaten Majalengka. Jurnal Agribisnis Terpadu, 13(1), 17–36. https://doi.org/10.33512/JAT.V13I1.7984
Anwarudin, O., Sumardjo, Satria, A., & Fatchiya, A. (2020b). Proses dan pendekatan regenerasi petani melalui multistrategi di Indonesia. Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengembangan Pertanian, 39(2), 73–85. https://doi.org/10.21082/jp3.v39n2.2020.p73-85
Anwarudin, O., Sumardjo, Satria, A., & Fatchiya, A. (2020c). The entrepreneurial capacity of young farmers on agribusiness activities in West Java. Jurnal Penyuluhan, 16(2), 267–276. https://doi.org/10.25015/16202031039
Arvianti, E. Y., Masyhuri, Waluyati, L. R., & Darwanto, D. H. (2019). Gambaran krisis petani muda di Indonesia. Agriekonomika, 8(2), 168–180. https://doi.org/10.21107/agriekonomika.v8i2.5429
Bahagia, Wibowo, R., Susetyo, B., Al-Wahid, A., Teniro, B., & Saripudin, U. (2025). Peran pemuda petani mewujudkan pembangunan pertanian berkelanjutan. Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat Dan Riset Pendidikan, 4(1), 4892–4900. https://doi.org/10.31004/jerkin.v4i1.2410
Borda, A. J., Sarvari, B., & Balogh, J. M. (2023). Generation change in agriculture: A systematic review of the literature. Economies, 11(5), 129. https://doi.org/10.3390/economies11050129
Dayat, Anwarudin, O., & Makhmudi, M. (2020). Regeneration of farmers through rural youth participation in chili agribusiness. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 9(3), 1201–1206.
Hartini, I. (2021). Peranan penyuluh pertanian dalam mendukung keberlanjutan agribisnis petani muda di Kecamatan Tanjung Tebat Kabupaten Lahat. Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian Kelingi, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.58328/jipk.v1i2.24
Haryanto, Y., Anwarudin, O., & Yuniarti, W. (2021). Progressive farmers as catalysts for regeneration in rural areas: Through farmer to farmer extension approach. Plant Archives, 21(1), 867–874.
Makabori, Y. Y., & Tapi, T. (2019). Generasi muda dan pekerjaan di sektor pertanian: Faktor persepsi dan minat. Jurnal Triton, 10(2).
Malik, R., Panjaitan, A. A., & Rianti, N. (2024). Generasi yang pergi, ladang yang sepi: Potret krisis petani muda di Sumatera Utara. Jurnal Humaniora Teknologi, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.34128/jht.v10i2.211
Melani, A., Karim, A. R., & Prasetyo, K. (2025). Analisis minat mahasiswa Generasi Z untuk berkarier di bidang pertanian dengan pendekatan Social Cognitive Career Theory. SINTA Journal: Science, Technology and Agriculture Journal, 6(1), 115–126. https://doi.org/10.37638/sinta.6.1.115-126
Mularahman, Yasin, M., & Herdiana. (2023). Peranan penyuluh pertanian dalam mendukung keberlanjutan usaha agribisnis pemuda tani: Studi kasus di Desa Lantan Kecamatan Batukliang Utara Kabupaten Lombok Tengah. Jurnal Ekonomi Utama, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.55903/juria.v2i3.134
Ngadi, N., Zaelany, A. A., Latifa, A., Harfina, D., Asiati, D., Setiawan, B., Ibnu, F., Triyono, T., & Rajagukguk, Z. (2023). Challenge of Agriculture Development in Indonesia: Rural Youth Mobility and Aging Workers in Agriculture Sector. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/su15020922
Nugroho, C. B. T., Sugihardjo, Permatasari, P., & Anantanyu, S. (2024). Farmer regeneration crisis in villages: Case study of youth in Sragen, Indonesia. Journal of Agrosociology and Sustainability, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.61511/jassu.v2i1.2024.775
Nurarifin, & Kurniawan, B. D. (2025). Youth, agriculture, and food security: Understanding the farmer regeneration challenge in Sumatra. The Journal of Indonesia Sustainable Development Planning, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.46456/jisdep.v6i1.650
Page, M. J., McKenzie, J. E., Bossuyt, P. M., Boutron, I., Hoffmann, T. C., Mulrow, C. D., Shamseer, L., Tetzlaff, J. M., Akl, E. A., Brennan, S. E., Chou, R., Glanville, J., Grimshaw, J. M., Hróbjartsson, A., Lalu, M. M., Li, T., Loder, E. W., Mayo-Wilson, E., McDonald, S., … Moher, D. (2021). The PRISMA 2020 statement: An updated guideline for reporting systematic reviews. In BMJ (Vol. 372). https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n71
Rahman, Suryanto, Maryeti, D., & Ahmad, A. (2025). Strategi peningkatan minat generasi muda bekerja di sektor pertanian di Kabupaten Kolaka Utara. Tarjih: Agribusiness Development Journal, 5(2), 273–286. https://doi.org/10.47030/tadj.v5i2.1000
Saleh, R., Oktafiani, I., & Sitohang, M. Y. (2021). Sulitnya regenerasi petani pada kelompok generasi muda. Jurnal Studi Pemuda, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.22146/studipemudaugm.62533
Saputra, A., Istiqomah, & Binardjo, G. (2021). What attracts rural youth to farming? Evidence from Central Java. Agrisocionomics: Jurnal Sosial Ekonomi Dan Kebijakan Pertanian.
Setiani, S. Y., Pratiwi, T., & Fitrianto, A. R. (2021). Tenaga muda pertanian dan ketahanan pangan di Indonesia. Cakrawala: Jurnal Litbang Kebijakan, 15(2). https://doi.org/10.32781/cakrawala.v15i2.386
Sitanggang, A., Alfi, H., & Syafri, E. (2025). Faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi minat generasi muda terhadap sektor pertanian: Literature review. Mimbar Agribisnis: Jurnal Pemikiran Masyarakat Ilmiah Berwawasan Agribisnis, 11(2).
Sudrajat, J., Fitrianti, W., & Suyatno, A. (2025). Strengthening agricultural regeneration: Determinants of young farmers’ performance in sub-urban villages. AGRARIS: Journal of Agribusiness and Rural Development Research, 11(2), 215–233. https://doi.org/10.18196/agraris.v11i2.503
Susilowati, S. H. (2016a). Fenomena penuaan petani dan berkurangnya tenaga kerja muda serta implikasinya bagi kebijakan pembangunan pertanian. Forum Penelitian Agro Ekonomi, 34(1), 35–55.
Susilowati, S. H. (2016b). Kebijakan insentif untuk petani muda: Pembelajaran dari berbagai negara dan implikasinya bagi kebijakan di Indonesia. Forum Penelitian Agro Ekonomi, 34(2), 103–123.
Taopik, O. A., Dayat, Achdiyat, Billah, M. T., & Anwarudin, O. (2018). Profil petani muda di Kabupaten Cianjur Jawa Barat. Jurnal Triton: Pertanian, 9(2), 71–85.
Toumbourou, T. D., Dressler, W. H., Sanders, A., Liu, E., Brown, T., & Utomo, A. (2025). Who are the future farmers? Media representations of youth in agriculture, food security and modern farming in Indonesia. Asia Pacific Viewpoint. https://doi.org/10.1111/apv.12374
Zul, M. M., Muhammad, S. W., Imas, M., Haqiqi, H., & Ramadhani, F. P. (2024). Young farmer motivations for farmer regeneration in East Lombok Regency, Indonesia. BIO Web of Conferences, 143, 01017. https://doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202414301017
Published
2026-05-16
How to Cite
Guampe, F. A., & Hamid, R. H. A. (2026). Farmer Regeneration in Indonesia: A Literature Review of the Determinants of Declining Youth Interest in the Agricultural Sector. International Journal of Economics, Business and Innovation Research, 5(03), 2150-2174. https://doi.org/10.63922/ijebir.v5i03.3435
.png)
Contact Person +6282139474255
Email : ijebir@citakonsultindo.or.id / editor.ijebir@gmail.com
