The Role of Dynamic Capabilities as a Mediating Factor in Enhancing the Innovative Performance of SMEs: Integrating Transformational Readiness, Digital Literacy, and Strategic Agility
Keywords:
Dynamic Capabilities, Innovative Performance, East Java SMEs, Transformational Change Readiness, Strategic Agility
Abstract
This study examines the mediating role of dynamic capabilities in the relationship between transformational change readiness, digital financial literacy, strategic agility, and the innovative performance of SMEs in East Java. Integrating the Dynamic Capability Theory and Institutional Logics perspective, the research provides a comprehensive understanding of innovation drivers in SMEs within a distinctive local ecosystem context. Employing an explanatory quantitative approach, the study conducted a survey of 125 digitally transformed SMEs in East Java. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with AMOS software to test measurement and structural models, along with mediation analysis using Sobel Test. Research instruments were validated through confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and reliability testing. The results indicate that transformational change readiness, digital financial literacy, and strategic agility significantly influence dynamic capabilities formation. However, dynamic capabilities function not as full mediators but as complementary factors that strengthen the direct effects of independent variables on innovative performance. The integration of Dynamic Capability Theory and Institutional Logics reveals that SME innovation in East Java is predominantly driven by community logic and local collaborations rather than pure dynamic capabilities. This study contributes theoretically by developing an integrative model that combines dynamic capability and institutional logic approaches, while offering novel insights into dynamic capabilities implementation among SMEs in specific socio-cultural contexts.
References
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Indriastuti, M., & Kartika, I. (2022). The Impact of Digitalization on MSMEs’ Financial Performance: The Mediating Role of Dynamic Capability. Jurnal Economia, Volume, 14, 240–255.
Knudsen, M. P., Rita, F., & and Schleimer, S. C. (2024). Configuring Technology Resources and Organizational Practices for Innovation Success. Research-Technology Management, 67(4), 62–71. https://doi.org/10.1080/08956308.2024.2352690
Kumar, P., Pillai, R., Kumar, N., & Tabash, M. I. (2023). The interplay of skills, digital financial literacy, capability, and autonomy in financial decision making and well-being. Borsa Istanbul Review, 23(1), 169–183. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2022.09.012
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Larios-Francia, R. P., & Ferasso, M. (2023). The relationship between innovation and performance in MSMEs: The case of the wearing apparel sector in emerging countries. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 9(1), 100018. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2023.100018
Latifah, L., Setiawan, D., Aryani, Y. A., & Rahmawati, R. (2021). Business strategy – MSMEs’ performance relationship: innovation and accounting information system as mediators. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 28(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-04-2019-0116
Liboni, L. B., Cezarino, L. O., Donaires, O. S., & Zollo, M. (2022). Systems approach in dynamic capabilities. Systems Research and Behavioral Science. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:253862220
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Michelotto, F., & Joia, L. A. (2024). Organizational Digital Transformation Readiness: An Exploratory Investigation. In Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research (Vol. 19, Issue 4, pp. 3283–3304). https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer19040159
Milosevic, I., Bass, A. E., & Schulte, B. (2023). The Interplay of Conflicting and Complementing Institutional Logics in Sustainability Practices. Management International Review, 63(3), 469–506. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-023-00503-7
Mishra, R., & Kiran, K. B. (2025). Unveiling the dynamic capabilities’ influence on sustainable performance in MSMEs: a systematic literature review utilizing ADO-TCM analysis. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, 17(2), 561–592. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJBA-05-2024-0295
MiśkiewiczI, S. C. A. C.-K. W. S. R. (2021). The process of developing dynamic capabilities : The conceptualization attempt and the results of empirical studies. PLOS ONE, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249724
Muneeb, D., Ahmad, S. Z., Abu Bakar, A. R., & Tehseen, S. (2023). Empowering resources recombination through dynamic capabilities of an enterprise. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 36(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEIM-01-2021-0004
Octasylva, A. R. P., Yuliati, L. N., Hartoyo, H., & Soehadi, A. W. (2022). Innovativeness as the Key to MSMEs’ Performances. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14116429
Panya, F., & Petchsawang, P. (2025). Innovation capability as a mediator of the relation between talent management and entrepreneurial firm performance. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 32(1), 56–75. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-02-2024-0074
Pascucci, F., Pizzichini, L., Sabatini, A., Temperini, V., & Mueller, J. (2024). Knowledge-based dynamic capabilities for managing paradoxical tensions in circular business model innovation : an empirical exploration of an incumbent fi rm. 28(11), 255–282. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-01-2024-0108
Rožman, M., Tominc, P., & Štrukelj, T. (2023). Competitiveness Through Development of Strategic Talent Management and Agile Management Ecosystems. Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management, 24(3), 373–393. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40171-023-00344-1
Sarwar, Z., Gao, J., & Khan, A. (2024). Nexus of digital platforms, innovation capability, and strategic alignment to enhance innovation performance in the Asia Pacific region: a dynamic capability perspective. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 41(2), 867–901. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-023-09879-4
Satar, A., Musadieq, M. Al, Hutahayan, B., & Solimun, S. (2024). Creating a Sustainable Competitive Advantage: The Roles of Technological Innovation, Knowledge Management, and Organizational Agility. Global Business and Organizational Excellence. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:273594786
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Soetjipto, B. W., Wijayanti, R., Chrisanty, F. N., Rachmawati, A. W., Rahmawati, S., & Walmsley, A. (2024). Transformational entrepreneurship and its effect on readiness for change , psychological capital , and employee performance : evidence from an Indonesian bank Michael Gunawan. F1000Research 2021.
Tarihoran, A. D. B., Hubeis, M., Jahroh, S., & Zulbainarni, N. (2023). Market-based dynamic capabilities for MSMEs: Evidence from Indonesia’s ornamental fish industry. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 9(3), 100123. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2023.100123
Utama, S., Yusfiarto, R., Pertiwi, R. R., & Khoirunnisa, A. N. (2024). Intentional model of MSMEs growth: a tripod-based view and evidence from Indonesia. Journal of Asia Business Studies, 18(1), 62–84. https://doi.org/10.1108/JABS-08-2022-0291
Wolor, C. W., Madli, F., Rababah, M. A., Mukhibad, H., & Chee, W. (2024). Examining the Impact of Knowledge Management Use and Innovation on Business Performance of MSMEs in the Digital Age. Case Study MSMEs in Indonesia. Journal of Sustainability Research. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:273791667
Yildiz, T., & Aykanat, Z. (2021). The mediating role of organizational innovation on the impact of strategic agility on firm performance. World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 17(4), 765–786. https://doi.org/10.1108/WJEMSD-06-2020-0070
Aggarwal, A., & Joshi, N. (2024). MSMEs’ innovation: a barrier approach. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 31(3), 552–573. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-07-2023-0304
Alfiyatussholichah, A., Fatchurrohman, M., Irfana, M. S., & Rosi, F. (2026). Peran Green Leadership dalam Memediasi Pengaruh Green Human Resource Management dan Green Training terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Berkelanjutan. RIGGS: Journal of Artificial Intelligence and Digital Business, 4(4), 15261–15268. https://doi.org/10.31004/riggs.v4i4.6115
Al Jabri, M. A., Shaloh, S., Shakhoor, N., Haddoud, M. Y., & Obeidat, B. Y. (2024). The impact of dynamic capabilities on enterprise agility: The intervening roles of digital transformation and IT alignment. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 10(2), 100266. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2024.100266
Anderson-Gough, F., Edgley, C., Robson, K., & Sharma, N. (2022). Organizational responses to multiple logics: Diversity, identity and the professional service firm. Accounting, Organizations and Society, 103, 101336. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aos.2022.101336
Angela, C., Andrew, J., Working, A., Series, P., Lyons, S. C., Angela, C., Andrew, J., Lyons, A. C., Kass-hanna, J., Liu, F., & Greenlee, A. J. (2020). Building financial resilience through financial and digital literacy in South Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA Asian Development Bank Institute.
Arraya, M. (2024). Distinctive capabilities system in MSME’s business model adaptation: evidence of the moderating and mediating effect of adaptive capability. Central European Management Journal, ahead-of-print(ahead-of-print). https://doi.org/10.1108/CEMJ-11-2023-0438
Bhatti, S. H., Ahmed, A., Ferraris, A., Hirwani Wan Hussain, W. M., & Wamba, S. F. (2022). Big data analytics capabilities and MSME innovation and performance: A double mediation model of digital platform and network capabilities. Annals of Operations Research. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10479-022-05002-w
Chang, C. L., & Octoyuda, E. (2024). Driving Digital Transformation: How Transformational Leadership Bridges Learning Agility and Digital Technology Adoption in MSMEs. Emerging Science Journal, 8(4), 1583–1601. https://doi.org/10.28991/ESJ-2024-08-04-020
Choung, Y., Chatterjee, S., & Pak, T.-Y. (2023). Digital financial literacy and financial well-being. Finance Research Letters, 58, 104438. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.frl.2023.104438
Dewi, M. S., Ghalib, S., Said, L. R., & Sopiana, Y. (2025). From Structure to Strategy: How Organization Design Influences Innovation and Performance in Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs). Journal of Ecohumanism, 4(1 SE-Articles), 2352– 2365. https://doi.org/10.62754/joe.v4i1.6055
Díaz‐Pelaez, A., Chura-Quispe, G., Clemente-Almendros, J. A., & Velarde-Molina, J. F. (2024). Analysing the influence of digital strategy and innovation on MSMEs’ performance in emerging countries. Creativity and Innovation Management. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:273645122
Fauzi, A. A., & and Sheng, M. L. (2022). The digitalization of micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs): An institutional theory perspective. Journal of Small Business Management, 60(6), 1288–1313. https://doi.org/10.1080/00472778.2020.1745536
Findsrud, Rolf. (2020). An Agile Approach to Service Innovation: Creating Valuable Service Innovation with Agile Resource Integration. Journal of Creating Value, 6(2), 190–207. https://doi.org/10.1177/2394964320961886
Hakim, A. R. A. R. (2023). Innovative work behavior and self-efficacy : Does entrepreneurial leadership impact MSME business performance ? Problems and Perspectives in Management. https://doi.org/10.21511/ppm.21(4).2023.24
Haveman, H. A., Joseph-goteiner, D., & Li, D. (2023). Institutional Logics : Motivating Action and Overcoming Resistance to Change. 1152–1177. https://doi.org/10.1017/mor.2023.22
Henricks, M. D., Michael, Y., & and Kehoe, E. J. (2020). Attitudes toward Change and Transformational Leadership: A Longitudinal Study. Journal of Change Management, 20(3), 202–219. https://doi.org/10.1080/14697017.2020.1758529
Indriastuti, M., & Kartika, I. (2022). The Impact of Digitalization on MSMEs’ Financial Performance: The Mediating Role of Dynamic Capability. Jurnal Economia, Volume, 14, 240–255.
Knudsen, M. P., Rita, F., & and Schleimer, S. C. (2024). Configuring Technology Resources and Organizational Practices for Innovation Success. Research-Technology Management, 67(4), 62–71. https://doi.org/10.1080/08956308.2024.2352690
Kumar, P., Pillai, R., Kumar, N., & Tabash, M. I. (2023). The interplay of skills, digital financial literacy, capability, and autonomy in financial decision making and well-being. Borsa Istanbul Review, 23(1), 169–183. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bir.2022.09.012
Kurtmollaiev, S. (2020). Dynamic Capabilities and Where to Find Them. Journal of Management Inquiry, 29, 16–3. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:148847847
Larios-Francia, R. P., & Ferasso, M. (2023). The relationship between innovation and performance in MSMEs: The case of the wearing apparel sector in emerging countries. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 9(1), 100018. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2023.100018
Latifah, L., Setiawan, D., Aryani, Y. A., & Rahmawati, R. (2021). Business strategy – MSMEs’ performance relationship: innovation and accounting information system as mediators. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 28(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-04-2019-0116
Liboni, L. B., Cezarino, L. O., Donaires, O. S., & Zollo, M. (2022). Systems approach in dynamic capabilities. Systems Research and Behavioral Science. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:253862220
Martínez-Peláez, R., Ochoa-Brust, A., Rivera, S., Félix, V. G., Ostos, R., Brito, H., Félix, R. A., & Mena, L. J. (2023). Role of Digital Transformation for Achieving Sustainability: Mediated Role of Stakeholders, Key Capabilities, and Technology. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(14). https://doi.org/10.3390/su151411221
Mele, G., Capaldo, G., Secundo, G., & Corvello, V. (2024). Revisiting the idea of knowledge-based dynamic capabilities for digital transformation. Journal of Knowledge Management, 28(2), 532–563. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-02-2023-0121
Michelotto, F., & Joia, L. A. (2024). Organizational Digital Transformation Readiness: An Exploratory Investigation. In Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research (Vol. 19, Issue 4, pp. 3283–3304). https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer19040159
Milosevic, I., Bass, A. E., & Schulte, B. (2023). The Interplay of Conflicting and Complementing Institutional Logics in Sustainability Practices. Management International Review, 63(3), 469–506. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11575-023-00503-7
Mishra, R., & Kiran, K. B. (2025). Unveiling the dynamic capabilities’ influence on sustainable performance in MSMEs: a systematic literature review utilizing ADO-TCM analysis. Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Administration, 17(2), 561–592. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJBA-05-2024-0295
MiśkiewiczI, S. C. A. C.-K. W. S. R. (2021). The process of developing dynamic capabilities : The conceptualization attempt and the results of empirical studies. PLOS ONE, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0249724
Muneeb, D., Ahmad, S. Z., Abu Bakar, A. R., & Tehseen, S. (2023). Empowering resources recombination through dynamic capabilities of an enterprise. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 36(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEIM-01-2021-0004
Octasylva, A. R. P., Yuliati, L. N., Hartoyo, H., & Soehadi, A. W. (2022). Innovativeness as the Key to MSMEs’ Performances. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14116429
Panya, F., & Petchsawang, P. (2025). Innovation capability as a mediator of the relation between talent management and entrepreneurial firm performance. Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 32(1), 56–75. https://doi.org/10.1108/JSBED-02-2024-0074
Pascucci, F., Pizzichini, L., Sabatini, A., Temperini, V., & Mueller, J. (2024). Knowledge-based dynamic capabilities for managing paradoxical tensions in circular business model innovation : an empirical exploration of an incumbent fi rm. 28(11), 255–282. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-01-2024-0108
Rožman, M., Tominc, P., & Štrukelj, T. (2023). Competitiveness Through Development of Strategic Talent Management and Agile Management Ecosystems. Global Journal of Flexible Systems Management, 24(3), 373–393. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40171-023-00344-1
Sarwar, Z., Gao, J., & Khan, A. (2024). Nexus of digital platforms, innovation capability, and strategic alignment to enhance innovation performance in the Asia Pacific region: a dynamic capability perspective. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 41(2), 867–901. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-023-09879-4
Satar, A., Musadieq, M. Al, Hutahayan, B., & Solimun, S. (2024). Creating a Sustainable Competitive Advantage: The Roles of Technological Innovation, Knowledge Management, and Organizational Agility. Global Business and Organizational Excellence. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:273594786
Setini, M., Ngurah, P., Yasa, S., Wayan, N., Ekonomi, F., Warmadewa, U., Terompong, J., Bungkak, T., & Bali, D. (2025). MSME digitalization: How are social capital factors in encouraging the use of digital applications? International Journal of Data and Network Science, 9, 47–56. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2024.10.007
Soetjipto, B. W., Wijayanti, R., Chrisanty, F. N., Rachmawati, A. W., Rahmawati, S., & Walmsley, A. (2024). Transformational entrepreneurship and its effect on readiness for change , psychological capital , and employee performance : evidence from an Indonesian bank Michael Gunawan. F1000Research 2021.
Tarihoran, A. D. B., Hubeis, M., Jahroh, S., & Zulbainarni, N. (2023). Market-based dynamic capabilities for MSMEs: Evidence from Indonesia’s ornamental fish industry. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 9(3), 100123. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2023.100123
Utama, S., Yusfiarto, R., Pertiwi, R. R., & Khoirunnisa, A. N. (2024). Intentional model of MSMEs growth: a tripod-based view and evidence from Indonesia. Journal of Asia Business Studies, 18(1), 62–84. https://doi.org/10.1108/JABS-08-2022-0291
Wolor, C. W., Madli, F., Rababah, M. A., Mukhibad, H., & Chee, W. (2024). Examining the Impact of Knowledge Management Use and Innovation on Business Performance of MSMEs in the Digital Age. Case Study MSMEs in Indonesia. Journal of Sustainability Research. https://api.semanticscholar.org/CorpusID:273791667
Yildiz, T., & Aykanat, Z. (2021). The mediating role of organizational innovation on the impact of strategic agility on firm performance. World Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development, 17(4), 765–786. https://doi.org/10.1108/WJEMSD-06-2020-0070
Published
2026-05-17
How to Cite
Damarsari Ratnasahara Elisabeth, Mochamad Fatchurrohman, & Shobikin. (2026). The Role of Dynamic Capabilities as a Mediating Factor in Enhancing the Innovative Performance of SMEs: Integrating Transformational Readiness, Digital Literacy, and Strategic Agility. International Journal of Economics, Business and Innovation Research, 5(03), 2257=2275. https://doi.org/10.63922/ijebir.v5i03.3649
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