The Influence of Safety Leadership on Safety Behavior: The Mediating Roles of Safety Knowledge and Safety Climate at PT. Putra Albasia Mandiri
Keywords:
Safety leadership, Safety behavior, Safety climate, Safety knowledge, Workplace safety
Abstract
This study examines the effect of safety leadership on safety behavior, with safety knowledge and safety climate as mediating variables among production employees at PT Putra Albasia Mandiri. Data were collected through a questionnaire survey administered to 245 employees using a census sampling approach. The data were analysed using Structural Equation Modelling–Partial Least Squares. The findings indicate that safety leadership has a significant positive effect on safety behavior, safety knowledge, and safety climate. Furthermore, both safety knowledge and safety climate significantly enhance safety behavior. Mediation analysis demonstrates that safety knowledge and safety climate significantly mediate relationship between safety leadership and safety behavior, with safety climate exhibiting stronger indirect effect. These findings highlight the importance of effective safety leadership in promoting safe workplace behavior through the development of employees' safety knowledge and the establishment of a positive safety climate.
References
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Neal, A., & Griffin, M. A. (2002), Safety climate and safety behaviour. Australian Journal of Management, Vol. 27, Iss. 1, pp. 67–75.
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Panuwatwanich, K., Al-haadir, S., & Stewart, R. A. (2016), Influence of safety motivation and climate on safety behaviour and outcomes: Evidence from the Saudi Arabian construction industry. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics.
Piao, J., & Hahn, J. (2025), How safety leadership influences employee safety participation and compliance through safety knowledge: The moderating role of psychological resilience. Frontiers in Psychology.
Quansah, P. E., Zhu, Y., & Guo, M. (2023), Assessing the effects of safety leadership, employee engagement, and psychological safety on safety performance. Journal of Safety Research, Vol. 86, pp. 226–244.
Rizky, N., Mansur, A., Purnomo, H., Sudiarno, A., & Wangsa, I. D. (2025), Influence of safety leadership styles on safety behaviour: The mediating role of safety climate, knowledge, and motivation in Indonesia's oil and gas construction project. Vol. 15, Iss. 1, pp. 31–42.
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Sampson, J. M., DeArmond, S., & Chen, P. Y. (2014), Role of safety stressors and social support on safety performance. Safety Science, Vol. 64, pp. 137–145.
Sánchez, A. A., Marín, G. S., & Morales, A. M. (2015), The mediating effect of strategic human resource practices on knowledge management and firm performance. Revista Europea de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa, Vol. 24, Iss. 3, pp. 138–148.
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Shen, Y., Ju, C., Koh, T. Y., Rowlinson, S., & Bridge, A. J. (2017), The impact of transformational leadership on safety climate and individual safety behavior on construction sites. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 14, Iss. 1.
Soraya, F., & Faidal. (2024), Pengaruh safety leadership terhadap safety behavior melalui safety climate dan safety knowledge pada Wisata Boekit Tawap Saronggi Sumenep. Vol. 7.
Stiawan, R. D., & Faidal. (2024), Pengaruh safety knowledge, safety leadership dan safety citizenship behavior terhadap safety behavior pada Wisata Pantai Lombang Sumenep. Vol. 5, Iss. 1, pp. 296–301.
Subramaniam, C., Johari, J., Shehu, M., & Mohamad, R. (2023), The influence of safety leadership on nurses' safety behavior: The mediating role of safety knowledge and motivation. Journal of Safety Research, Vol. 84, pp. 117–128.
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Vroom, V. H., & Jago, A. G. (2007), The role of the situation in leadership. American Psychologist, Vol. 62, Iss. 1, pp. 17–24.
Wu, T. C. (2008), Safety leadership in the teaching laboratories of electrical and electronic engineering departments at Taiwanese universities. Journal of Safety Research, Vol. 39, Iss. 6, pp. 599–607.
Wu, T. C., Chen, C. H., & Li, C. C. (2008), A correlation among safety leadership, safety climate and safety performance. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, Vol. 21, Iss. 3, pp. 307–318.
Xue, Y., Fan, Y., & Xie, X. (2020), Relation between senior managers' safety leadership and safety behavior in the Chinese petrochemical industry. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, Vol. 65.
Yang, C., Xu, S., Xie, X., Li, Y., & Ji, M. (2026), Leadership, safety climate, and neuroticism: Integrating organizational and individual factors into the prediction of air technicians' safety behaviors. Journal of Air Transport Management, Vol. 131.
Zhang, J., Xie, C., Wang, J., Morrison, A. M., & Coca-Stefaniak, J. A. (2020), Responding to a major global crisis: The effects of hotel safety leadership on employee safety behavior during COVID-19. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, Vol. 32, Iss. 11, pp. 3365–3389.
Zhao, L., Yang, D., Liu, S., & Nkrumah, E. N. K. (2022), The effect of safety leadership on safety participation of employee: A meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, Vol. 13.
Zhao, Y., Zhang, M., Liu, T., & Mebarki, A. (2021), Impact of safety attitude, safety knowledge and safety leadership on chemical industry workers' risk perception based on structural equation modelling and system dynamics. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, Vol. 72.
Zohar, D. (2000), A group-level model of safety climate: Testing the effect of group climate on microaccidents in manufacturing jobs. Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 85, Iss. 4, pp. 587–596.
Zohar, D. (2010), Thirty years of safety climate research: Reflections and future directions. Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol. 42, Iss. 5, pp. 1517–1522
Ariyadi Eko, C. M. (2022), The role of safety leadership in safety behavior with safety climate as a mediation variable: A study on construction workers of Alfath Group South Kalimantan (Real Estate Developer). Vol. 5, Iss. 5, pp. 1349–1356.
Basahel, A. M. (2021), Safety leadership, safety attitudes, safety knowledge and motivation toward safety-related behaviors in electrical substation construction projects. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 18, Iss. 8.
Blau, P. M. (1964), Exchange and Power in Social Life. John Wiley & Sons.
Blau, P. (2017), Exchange and Power in Social Life. Routledge.
Bunner, J., Prem, R., & Korunka, C. (2018), How work intensification relates to organization-level safety performance: The mediating roles of safety climate, safety motivation, and safety knowledge. Frontiers in Psychology, Vol. 9.
Chen, W. T., Merrett, H. C., Huang, Y., Bria, T. A., & Lin, Y. (2021), Exploring the relationship between safety climate and worker safety behavior on building construction sites in Taiwan.
Chen, W. T., Tsai, I., Merrett, H. C., Lu, S. T., Lee, Y., You, J., & Mortis, L. (2020), Construction safety success factors: A Taiwanese case study.
Cigularov, K. P., Lancaster, P. G., Chen, P. Y., Gittleman, J., & Haile, E. (2013), Measurement equivalence of a safety climate measure among Hispanic and White Non-Hispanic construction workers. Safety Science.
Clarke, S., & Ward, K. (2006), The role of leader influence tactics and safety climate in engaging employees' safety participation. Risk Analysis, Vol. 26, Iss. 5, pp. 1175–1185.
Cropanzano, R., & Mitchell, M. S. (2005), Social exchange theory: An interdisciplinary review. Journal of Management, Vol. 31, Iss. 6, pp. 874–900.
Elosta, M., & Alzubi, A. (2024), The interplay between safety leadership and construction workers' safety behavior: Do perceived employer safety obligations matter?
Ferdinand, A. (2014), Metode Penelitian Manajemen. Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Fernández-Muñiz, B., Montes-Peón, J. M., & Vázquez-Ordás, C. J. (2017), The role of safety leadership and working conditions in safety performance in process industries. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, Vol. 50, pp. 403–415.
Fitriyani. (2023), Komunikasi bahaya dan edukasi budaya K3 pada pekerja industri mebel kayu di Kota Payakumbuh. Vol. 6, Iss. 2, pp. 132–141.
Ford, M. T., & Tetrick, L. E. (2011), Relations among occupational hazards, attitudes, and safety performance. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, Vol. 16, Iss. 1, pp. 48–66.
Fruhen, L. S., Mearns, K. J., Flin, R., & Kirwan, B. (2014), Skills, knowledge and senior managers' demonstrations of safety commitment. Safety Science, Vol. 69, pp. 29–36.
Ghozali, I. (2017), Model Persamaan Struktural: Konsep dan Aplikasi dengan Program Amos 24. Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Ghozali, I. (2021), Aplikasi Analisis Multivariate dengan Program IBM SPSS 26 (10th ed.). Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Gracia, F. J., Tomás, I., Martínez-Córcoles, M., & Peiró, J. M. (2020), Empowering leadership, mindful organizing and safety performance in a nuclear power plant: A multilevel structural equation model. Safety Science, Vol. 123.
Gressgård, L. J. (2014), Knowledge management and safety compliance in a high-risk distributed organizational system. Safety and Health at Work, Vol. 5, Iss. 2, pp. 53–59.
Griffin, M. A., & Curcuruto, M. (2016), Safety climate in organizations. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, Vol. 3, pp. 191–212.
Griffin, M. A., & Neal, A. (2000), Perceptions of safety at work: A framework for linking safety climate to safety performance, knowledge, and motivation. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, Vol. 5, Iss. 3, pp. 347–358.
Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019), Multivariate Data Analysis.
Hair Jr., J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., & Ray, S. (2021), Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) Using R.
He, C., McCabe, B., Jia, G., & Sun, J. (2020), Effects of safety climate and safety behavior on safety outcomes between supervisors and construction workers. Journal of Construction Engineering and Management, Vol. 146, Iss. 1.
Ilmansyah, Y., Mahbubah, N. A., & Widyaningrum, D. (2020), Penerapan Job Safety Analysis sebagai upaya pencegahan kecelakaan kerja dan perbaikan keselamatan kerja di PT Shell Indonesia. PROFISIENSI: Jurnal Program Studi Teknik Industri, Vol. 8, Iss. 1, pp. 15–22.
Kemnaker. (2024), Kasus Kecelakaan Kerja Tahun 2024.
Lyubykh, Z., Gulseren, D. B., Turner, N., Barling, J., & Seifert, M. (2022), Shared transformational leadership and safety behaviors of employees, leaders, and teams: A multilevel investigation. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, pp. 431–458.
Neal, A., & Griffin, M. A. (2002), Safety climate and safety behaviour. Australian Journal of Management, Vol. 27, Iss. 1, pp. 67–75.
Ningtyas, A. P. (2024), Pengaruh safety leadership terhadap safety behavior dengan safety climate sebagai variabel mediasi dan perceived risk. Jurnal Ekonomi Manajemen dan Akuntansi, Vol. 1, Iss. 2, pp. 45–70.
Panuwatwanich, K., Al-haadir, S., & Stewart, R. A. (2016), Influence of safety motivation and climate on safety behaviour and outcomes: Evidence from the Saudi Arabian construction industry. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics.
Piao, J., & Hahn, J. (2025), How safety leadership influences employee safety participation and compliance through safety knowledge: The moderating role of psychological resilience. Frontiers in Psychology.
Quansah, P. E., Zhu, Y., & Guo, M. (2023), Assessing the effects of safety leadership, employee engagement, and psychological safety on safety performance. Journal of Safety Research, Vol. 86, pp. 226–244.
Rizky, N., Mansur, A., Purnomo, H., Sudiarno, A., & Wangsa, I. D. (2025), Influence of safety leadership styles on safety behaviour: The mediating role of safety climate, knowledge, and motivation in Indonesia's oil and gas construction project. Vol. 15, Iss. 1, pp. 31–42.
Robbins, S. P., & Judge, T. A. (2017), Organizational Behavior.
Saedi, A. M., Ab. Majid, A., & Isa, Z. (2020), Relationships between safety climate and safety participation in the petroleum industry: A structural equation modeling approach. Safety Science, Vol. 121, pp. 240–248.
Sampson, J. M., DeArmond, S., & Chen, P. Y. (2014), Role of safety stressors and social support on safety performance. Safety Science, Vol. 64, pp. 137–145.
Sánchez, A. A., Marín, G. S., & Morales, A. M. (2015), The mediating effect of strategic human resource practices on knowledge management and firm performance. Revista Europea de Dirección y Economía de la Empresa, Vol. 24, Iss. 3, pp. 138–148.
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2016), Research Methods for Business.
Sekaran, U., & Bougie, R. (2017), Research Methods for Business (6th ed.).
Shen, Y., Ju, C., Koh, T. Y., Rowlinson, S., & Bridge, A. J. (2017), The impact of transformational leadership on safety climate and individual safety behavior on construction sites. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, Vol. 14, Iss. 1.
Soraya, F., & Faidal. (2024), Pengaruh safety leadership terhadap safety behavior melalui safety climate dan safety knowledge pada Wisata Boekit Tawap Saronggi Sumenep. Vol. 7.
Stiawan, R. D., & Faidal. (2024), Pengaruh safety knowledge, safety leadership dan safety citizenship behavior terhadap safety behavior pada Wisata Pantai Lombang Sumenep. Vol. 5, Iss. 1, pp. 296–301.
Subramaniam, C., Johari, J., Shehu, M., & Mohamad, R. (2023), The influence of safety leadership on nurses' safety behavior: The mediating role of safety knowledge and motivation. Journal of Safety Research, Vol. 84, pp. 117–128.
Syahrul, K. (2020), The effect of empowering leadership on intrinsic motivation: The role of psychological empowerment as a mediation. Journal of Leadership in Organizations, Vol. 2, Iss. 2, pp. 108–120.
Thahira, A., Tjahjono, H. K., & Susanto, S. (2020), The influence of transactional leadership on organization innovativeness (OI) mediated by organizational learning capability (OLC) in medium small enterprise Kendari City. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis, Vol. 11, Iss. 1.
Vinodkumar, M. N., & Bhasi, M. (2010), Safety management practices and safety behaviour: Assessing the mediating role of safety knowledge and motivation. Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol. 42, Iss. 6, pp. 2082–2093.
Vroom, V. H., & Jago, A. G. (2007), The role of the situation in leadership. American Psychologist, Vol. 62, Iss. 1, pp. 17–24.
Wu, T. C. (2008), Safety leadership in the teaching laboratories of electrical and electronic engineering departments at Taiwanese universities. Journal of Safety Research, Vol. 39, Iss. 6, pp. 599–607.
Wu, T. C., Chen, C. H., & Li, C. C. (2008), A correlation among safety leadership, safety climate and safety performance. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, Vol. 21, Iss. 3, pp. 307–318.
Xue, Y., Fan, Y., & Xie, X. (2020), Relation between senior managers' safety leadership and safety behavior in the Chinese petrochemical industry. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, Vol. 65.
Yang, C., Xu, S., Xie, X., Li, Y., & Ji, M. (2026), Leadership, safety climate, and neuroticism: Integrating organizational and individual factors into the prediction of air technicians' safety behaviors. Journal of Air Transport Management, Vol. 131.
Zhang, J., Xie, C., Wang, J., Morrison, A. M., & Coca-Stefaniak, J. A. (2020), Responding to a major global crisis: The effects of hotel safety leadership on employee safety behavior during COVID-19. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, Vol. 32, Iss. 11, pp. 3365–3389.
Zhao, L., Yang, D., Liu, S., & Nkrumah, E. N. K. (2022), The effect of safety leadership on safety participation of employee: A meta-analysis. Frontiers in Psychology, Vol. 13.
Zhao, Y., Zhang, M., Liu, T., & Mebarki, A. (2021), Impact of safety attitude, safety knowledge and safety leadership on chemical industry workers' risk perception based on structural equation modelling and system dynamics. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, Vol. 72.
Zohar, D. (2000), A group-level model of safety climate: Testing the effect of group climate on microaccidents in manufacturing jobs. Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 85, Iss. 4, pp. 587–596.
Zohar, D. (2010), Thirty years of safety climate research: Reflections and future directions. Accident Analysis and Prevention, Vol. 42, Iss. 5, pp. 1517–1522
Published
2026-07-01
How to Cite
Antasari, L., Siswanti, Y., & Sabihaini, S. (2026). The Influence of Safety Leadership on Safety Behavior: The Mediating Roles of Safety Knowledge and Safety Climate at PT. Putra Albasia Mandiri. International Journal of Economics, Business and Innovation Research, 5(04), 2810-2832. https://doi.org/10.63922/ijebir.v5i04.4847
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