Green Accounting and Profitability: Environmental Cost Analysis at PT Unilever Indonesia

Sivani Melati Putri; Lis Setyowati

doi:10.63922/ijebir.v5i05.6564

Sivani Melati Putri Accounting Study Program, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Pemuda Surabaya
Lis Setyowati Accounting Study Program, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Ekonomi Pemuda Surabaya

DOI: https://doi.org/10.63922/ijebir.v5i05.6564

Keywords: Green Accounting, Environmental Costs, Profitability, Return on Assets

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the effect of green accounting, proxied by environmental costs, on profitability as measured by Return on Assets (ROA) at PT Unilever Indonesia Tbk. The study employs a quantitative causal-associative approach using a single-object time series design. The sample was determined through purposive sampling based on interim financial statements and sustainability reports for the 2021–2024 period, resulting in sixteen quarterly observations. Data were collected through documentation study and analyzed using classical assumption tests, descriptive statistics, simple linear regression, the coefficient of determination, and the t-test with the assistance of SPSS. The results show that green accounting has a positive and significant effect on ROA, as indicated by a t-value of 3.195, which is greater than the t-table value of 2.145, and a significance value of 0.006, which is less than 0.05. The Adjusted R Square value of 0.380 indicates that green accounting explains 38.0% of the variation in ROA, while the remaining variation is influenced by other factors outside the model. These findings indicate that consistent environmental cost management can be aligned with improved profitability, thereby supporting Legitimacy Theory, Stakeholder Theory, and Triple Bottom Line Theory in the context of consumer goods companies.

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