Determinants of Turnover Intention of Generation Z Employees in the Cafe Industry in Cirebon City
Keywords:
work stress, job satisfaction, work environment, turnover intention, Generation Z
Abstract
This study examines work stress, job satisfaction, and work environment as determinants of turnover intention among Generation Z employees in the cafe industry in Cirebon City. A quantitative cross-sectional survey involved 100 employees selected through purposive sampling and analyzed using multiple linear regression in IBM SPSS Statistics 25. The simultaneous model was significant and explained 44.6% of turnover-intention variance. Partially, work stress had a positive and significant effect, whereas job satisfaction and work environment were not significant. The contribution of this study is not merely contextual; it shows that psychological strain associated with job demands is more salient than general job attitudes and workplace-resource perceptions when the three predictors are examined together. The findings direct retention efforts toward workload control, role clarity, shift organization, and supervisor support while maintaining supportive workplace conditions.
References
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Andriani, R., Disman, D., Ahman, E., & Santoso, B. (2023). EMPIRICAL EFFECTS OF WORK ENVIRONMENT, JOB SATISFACTION AND WORK ENGAGEMENT ON TURNOVER INTENTION IN HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY. Journal of Application Business & Management/Jurnal Aplikasi Bisnis Dan Manajemen, 9(1), 129.
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2024). Job demands–resources theory: Frequently asked questions. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 29(3), 188.
Chen, H., & Qi, R. (2022). Restaurant frontline employees’ turnover intentions: three-way interactions between job stress, fear of COVID-19, and resilience. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 34(7), 2535–2558.
Dea, R. F., & Abrian, Y. (2025). The Influence of Work-Life Balance and Job Satisfaction on Turnover Intention Among Generation Z Employees at Four Points by Sheraton Jakarta, Thamrin. Journal of Multidimensional Management, 2(3), 278–283.
Desti Siti Nur Hasanah, Nur Efendi, & Hani Damayanti Aprilia. (2025). FENOMENA TURNOVER PADA GENERASI Z: PERAN KONDISI SERTA LINGKUNGAN KERJA SEBAGAI FAKTOR PENENTU. Jurnal Perspektif Bisnis, 8(1), 55–65. https://doi.org/10.23960/jpb.v8i1.207
Dewi, N. P. P., & Suartina, I. W. (2022). Pengaruh Stres Kerja, Beban Kerja dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Turnover Intention Karyawan UD. Cahaya Dewata di Badung. Jurnal Manajemen, Kewirausahaan Dan Pariwisata, 2(1), 104–110.
Erdiantami, T. R., & Yunanto, M. (2025). WORK STRESS AS A MEDIATOR OF WORKLOAD, WORK ENVIRONMENT, AND TURNOVER INTENTION IN GENERATION Z EMPLOYEES. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Bisnis, 30(3), 437–453.
Gyebi, P. W., & Bonsu, E. M. (2023). Analyzing The Relationship Between Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intentions Among Hospitality Employees in Cape Coast. Indonesian Journal of Social Research (IJSR), 5(2), 119–131. https://doi.org/10.30997/ijsr.v5i2.314
Izza Haniyah, Anwar Azazi, Dody Pratama Marumpe, Ilzar Daud, & Efa Irdhayanti. (2025). Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Non Fisik, Kompensasi, Beban Kerja terhadap Turnover Intention Gen Z. Mutiara: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Indonesia, 3(2), 133–152. https://doi.org/10.61404/mutiara.v3i2.405
Jamalulel, I., & Chang, C. L. (2025). Work-Life Balance and Career Development: How Job Satisfaction Mediates Their Impact on Turnover Intention Among Indonesian Generation Z. International Journal of Business and Society, 26(3), 907–926.
Latumahina, J., Joesah, N., & Frimayasa, A. (2026). Turnover Intention among Generation Z Employees: The Role of Workload, Social Support, and the Mediating Effect of Job Stress. Jurnal Multidisiplin Sahombu, 6(02), 411–421.
Lubis, R., Syafitri, N., Alyani, N. N., Maylinda, R. N., Anda, R., & Zulfiyanti, N. (2024). Job Stress and Turnover Intention in Generation Z Teachers: Resilience as a Moderator. Psikologika: Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Penelitian Psikologi, 29(1), 125–142. https://doi.org/10.20885/psikologika.vol29.iss1.art8
Marcella, J., & Le, M. (2022). Pengaruh stres kerja, kepuasan kerja dan pengembangan karir terhadap turnover intention karyawan. Jurnal Muara Ilmu Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 6(1), 213–223.
Marchella, J., & le, M. (2022). Pengaruh stres kerja, kepuasan kerja dan pengembangan karir terhadap turnover intention karyawan. Jurnal Muara Ilmu Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 6(1), 213–223.
Maryam, S. (2025). The Role of Job Stress and Organizational Commitment on Turnover Intention of Gen Z Employees in Cirebon with Job Satisfaction as a Mediating Variable. Jurnal Manajemen, 16(3), 713–722.
Pu, B., Sang, W., Ji, S., Hu, J., & Phau, I. (2024). The effect of customer incivility on employees’ turnover intention in hospitality industry: A chain mediating effect of emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 118, 103665. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2023.103665
Putri, S. D. T., Salendu, A., & Pahlawan, A. W. (2025). Understanding turnover intention in Gen Z: Servant leadership and ethical climate in organization. Asian Management and Business Review, 216–230.
Rahadiyanti, R. D., & Prahiawan, W. (2024). Pengaruh Stres Kerja dan Lingkungan Kerja terhadap Turnover Intention melalui Kepuasan Kerja. Jurnal Syntax Admiration, 5(5), 1724.
Rahman, M. I., & Sary, F. P. (2025). Pengaruh Kompensasi dan Kepuasan Kerja terhadap Turnover Intention pada Karyawan Generasi Z di Kota Bandung. Jurnal Locus Penelitian Dan Pengabdian, 4(6), 2777–2788. https://doi.org/10.58344/locus.v4i6.4427
Ramadhani, M. A. A., & Wardani, D. (2025). PENGARUH KEPUASAN KERJA, STRES KERJA, DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP TURNOVER INTENTION PADA KARYAWAN GENERASI Z (STUDI PADA KARYAWAN TETAP PT.XYZ). Journal of Accounting, Management and Islamic Economics, 3(1), 213–226. https://doi.org/10.35384/jamie.v3i1.764
Riamanda, I., Syahara.Z, Y., & Yazid, S. (2025). Predicting turnover intention among generation z employees based on psychosocial work environment factors. Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi Terapan, 13(2), 139–150. https://doi.org/10.22219/jipt.v13i2.41256
Roy, S. S., Kurniawan, H., & Syabrinildi. (2024). Pengaruh kepuasan kerja dan stres kerja terhadap turnover intention karyawan CV. Berlian Sentosa Jakarta. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Bisnis Ekonomi, 2(4), 179–193.
Salama, W., Abdou, A. H., Mohamed, S. A. K., & Shehata, H. S. (2022). Impact of Work Stress and Job Burnout on Turnover Intentions among Hotel Employees. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(15), 9724. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159724
Salsabila, F., & Kustini, K. (2026). STRES KERJA, KEPUASAN KERJA, DAN TURNOVER INTENTION PEKERJA GENERASI Z DI INDUSTRI MANUFAKTUR SIDOARJO. IDEI: Jurnal Ekonomi & Bisnis (IDEI: Journal of Economics & Business), 7(1), 71–81.
Sanjaya, R., & Daniel, D. (2024). An Examination of Factors Influencing Turnover Intentions Among Generation Z Employees. Banking & Management Review, 12(2), 106–118. https://doi.org/10.52250/bmr.v12i2.880
Suryanto, M., & Riptiono, S. (2025). SUPPORT ME OR I LEAVE: MEMAHAMI NIAT TURNOVER GENERASI Z MELALUI PERSPEKTIF JOB STRESS. JURNAL LENTERA BISNIS, 14(3), 3857–3867. https://doi.org/10.34127/jrlab.v14i3.1789
Susilawati, R., Indriani, I., Hardjowikarto, D. A., & Sunimah, S. (2025). The Influence of Work-life balance, Workload, and Work Stress on Turnover Intention of Generation Z Employees PT. Ruifeng Hande Indonesia. Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE), 8(1), 8775–8786.
Tjandra, M. S., & Erdiansyah, R. (2024). Peran stres kerja dan komitmen organisasi terhadap turnover intention karyawan Gen Z di Jakarta dengan kepuasan kerja sebagai variabel mediasi. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Dan Kewirausahaan, 8(3), 592–606.
Wahyudi, S., & Saryatmo, M. (2024). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi turnover turnover pada karyawan Generasi Z yang bekerja di Jakarta. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Dan Kewirausahaan, 8(3), 621–634.
Wahyuningrum, E., & Khan, R. B. F. (2023). Pengaruh stres kerja terhadap turnover intention dengan kepuasan kerja sebagai mediasi pada generasi Z di DKI Jakarta. Jurnal E-Bis, 7(2), 486–499.
Wiastuti, R. D., Stevani, I., & Moerti, I. (2023). Peran Job Satisfaction Sebagai Mediasi antara Job Stress dan Turnover Intention Pada Karyawan Restoran. 1(2), 20–27.
Wibowo, F., Sosilowati, E., & Setiyawan, A. A. (2024). Fenomena turnover intention pada Generasi Z dalam revolusi industri 5.0. Journal of Management and Digital Business, 4(2), 313–325.
Zidane Muhammad, & Paksi, G. M. (2025). Turnover Intention Among Barisa in Coffee Shops. Journal of Development Economic and Social Studies, 4(4), 1104–1110. https://doi.org/10.21776/jdess.2025.04.4.04
Adiyanti, S. A., & Kusumah, R. M. (2023). Pengaruh Kepuasan Kerja dan Stress Kerja Terhadap Turnover intention (Studi Literature Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia). Al-Kalam: Journal Komunikasi, Bisnis Dan Manajemen, 10(2), 238–253.
Alfara, F. M., & Saputra, F. E. (2024). Pengaruh kepuasan kerja dan stres kerja terhadap turnover intention pada karyawan Generasi Z: Studi pada karyawan Generasi Z di Kota Bandar Lampung. Jurnal Ekonomi Efektif, 7(1), 29–39.
Andriani, R., Disman, D., Ahman, E., & Santoso, B. (2023). EMPIRICAL EFFECTS OF WORK ENVIRONMENT, JOB SATISFACTION AND WORK ENGAGEMENT ON TURNOVER INTENTION IN HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY. Journal of Application Business & Management/Jurnal Aplikasi Bisnis Dan Manajemen, 9(1), 129.
Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2024). Job demands–resources theory: Frequently asked questions. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 29(3), 188.
Chen, H., & Qi, R. (2022). Restaurant frontline employees’ turnover intentions: three-way interactions between job stress, fear of COVID-19, and resilience. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 34(7), 2535–2558.
Dea, R. F., & Abrian, Y. (2025). The Influence of Work-Life Balance and Job Satisfaction on Turnover Intention Among Generation Z Employees at Four Points by Sheraton Jakarta, Thamrin. Journal of Multidimensional Management, 2(3), 278–283.
Desti Siti Nur Hasanah, Nur Efendi, & Hani Damayanti Aprilia. (2025). FENOMENA TURNOVER PADA GENERASI Z: PERAN KONDISI SERTA LINGKUNGAN KERJA SEBAGAI FAKTOR PENENTU. Jurnal Perspektif Bisnis, 8(1), 55–65. https://doi.org/10.23960/jpb.v8i1.207
Dewi, N. P. P., & Suartina, I. W. (2022). Pengaruh Stres Kerja, Beban Kerja dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Turnover Intention Karyawan UD. Cahaya Dewata di Badung. Jurnal Manajemen, Kewirausahaan Dan Pariwisata, 2(1), 104–110.
Erdiantami, T. R., & Yunanto, M. (2025). WORK STRESS AS A MEDIATOR OF WORKLOAD, WORK ENVIRONMENT, AND TURNOVER INTENTION IN GENERATION Z EMPLOYEES. Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Bisnis, 30(3), 437–453.
Gyebi, P. W., & Bonsu, E. M. (2023). Analyzing The Relationship Between Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intentions Among Hospitality Employees in Cape Coast. Indonesian Journal of Social Research (IJSR), 5(2), 119–131. https://doi.org/10.30997/ijsr.v5i2.314
Izza Haniyah, Anwar Azazi, Dody Pratama Marumpe, Ilzar Daud, & Efa Irdhayanti. (2025). Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Non Fisik, Kompensasi, Beban Kerja terhadap Turnover Intention Gen Z. Mutiara: Jurnal Ilmiah Multidisiplin Indonesia, 3(2), 133–152. https://doi.org/10.61404/mutiara.v3i2.405
Jamalulel, I., & Chang, C. L. (2025). Work-Life Balance and Career Development: How Job Satisfaction Mediates Their Impact on Turnover Intention Among Indonesian Generation Z. International Journal of Business and Society, 26(3), 907–926.
Latumahina, J., Joesah, N., & Frimayasa, A. (2026). Turnover Intention among Generation Z Employees: The Role of Workload, Social Support, and the Mediating Effect of Job Stress. Jurnal Multidisiplin Sahombu, 6(02), 411–421.
Lubis, R., Syafitri, N., Alyani, N. N., Maylinda, R. N., Anda, R., & Zulfiyanti, N. (2024). Job Stress and Turnover Intention in Generation Z Teachers: Resilience as a Moderator. Psikologika: Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Penelitian Psikologi, 29(1), 125–142. https://doi.org/10.20885/psikologika.vol29.iss1.art8
Marcella, J., & Le, M. (2022). Pengaruh stres kerja, kepuasan kerja dan pengembangan karir terhadap turnover intention karyawan. Jurnal Muara Ilmu Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 6(1), 213–223.
Marchella, J., & le, M. (2022). Pengaruh stres kerja, kepuasan kerja dan pengembangan karir terhadap turnover intention karyawan. Jurnal Muara Ilmu Ekonomi Dan Bisnis, 6(1), 213–223.
Maryam, S. (2025). The Role of Job Stress and Organizational Commitment on Turnover Intention of Gen Z Employees in Cirebon with Job Satisfaction as a Mediating Variable. Jurnal Manajemen, 16(3), 713–722.
Pu, B., Sang, W., Ji, S., Hu, J., & Phau, I. (2024). The effect of customer incivility on employees’ turnover intention in hospitality industry: A chain mediating effect of emotional exhaustion and job satisfaction. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 118, 103665. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2023.103665
Putri, S. D. T., Salendu, A., & Pahlawan, A. W. (2025). Understanding turnover intention in Gen Z: Servant leadership and ethical climate in organization. Asian Management and Business Review, 216–230.
Rahadiyanti, R. D., & Prahiawan, W. (2024). Pengaruh Stres Kerja dan Lingkungan Kerja terhadap Turnover Intention melalui Kepuasan Kerja. Jurnal Syntax Admiration, 5(5), 1724.
Rahman, M. I., & Sary, F. P. (2025). Pengaruh Kompensasi dan Kepuasan Kerja terhadap Turnover Intention pada Karyawan Generasi Z di Kota Bandung. Jurnal Locus Penelitian Dan Pengabdian, 4(6), 2777–2788. https://doi.org/10.58344/locus.v4i6.4427
Ramadhani, M. A. A., & Wardani, D. (2025). PENGARUH KEPUASAN KERJA, STRES KERJA, DAN LINGKUNGAN KERJA TERHADAP TURNOVER INTENTION PADA KARYAWAN GENERASI Z (STUDI PADA KARYAWAN TETAP PT.XYZ). Journal of Accounting, Management and Islamic Economics, 3(1), 213–226. https://doi.org/10.35384/jamie.v3i1.764
Riamanda, I., Syahara.Z, Y., & Yazid, S. (2025). Predicting turnover intention among generation z employees based on psychosocial work environment factors. Jurnal Ilmiah Psikologi Terapan, 13(2), 139–150. https://doi.org/10.22219/jipt.v13i2.41256
Roy, S. S., Kurniawan, H., & Syabrinildi. (2024). Pengaruh kepuasan kerja dan stres kerja terhadap turnover intention karyawan CV. Berlian Sentosa Jakarta. Jurnal Manajemen Dan Bisnis Ekonomi, 2(4), 179–193.
Salama, W., Abdou, A. H., Mohamed, S. A. K., & Shehata, H. S. (2022). Impact of Work Stress and Job Burnout on Turnover Intentions among Hotel Employees. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(15), 9724. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19159724
Salsabila, F., & Kustini, K. (2026). STRES KERJA, KEPUASAN KERJA, DAN TURNOVER INTENTION PEKERJA GENERASI Z DI INDUSTRI MANUFAKTUR SIDOARJO. IDEI: Jurnal Ekonomi & Bisnis (IDEI: Journal of Economics & Business), 7(1), 71–81.
Sanjaya, R., & Daniel, D. (2024). An Examination of Factors Influencing Turnover Intentions Among Generation Z Employees. Banking & Management Review, 12(2), 106–118. https://doi.org/10.52250/bmr.v12i2.880
Suryanto, M., & Riptiono, S. (2025). SUPPORT ME OR I LEAVE: MEMAHAMI NIAT TURNOVER GENERASI Z MELALUI PERSPEKTIF JOB STRESS. JURNAL LENTERA BISNIS, 14(3), 3857–3867. https://doi.org/10.34127/jrlab.v14i3.1789
Susilawati, R., Indriani, I., Hardjowikarto, D. A., & Sunimah, S. (2025). The Influence of Work-life balance, Workload, and Work Stress on Turnover Intention of Generation Z Employees PT. Ruifeng Hande Indonesia. Indonesian Interdisciplinary Journal of Sharia Economics (IIJSE), 8(1), 8775–8786.
Tjandra, M. S., & Erdiansyah, R. (2024). Peran stres kerja dan komitmen organisasi terhadap turnover intention karyawan Gen Z di Jakarta dengan kepuasan kerja sebagai variabel mediasi. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Dan Kewirausahaan, 8(3), 592–606.
Wahyudi, S., & Saryatmo, M. (2024). Faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi turnover turnover pada karyawan Generasi Z yang bekerja di Jakarta. Jurnal Manajemen Bisnis Dan Kewirausahaan, 8(3), 621–634.
Wahyuningrum, E., & Khan, R. B. F. (2023). Pengaruh stres kerja terhadap turnover intention dengan kepuasan kerja sebagai mediasi pada generasi Z di DKI Jakarta. Jurnal E-Bis, 7(2), 486–499.
Wiastuti, R. D., Stevani, I., & Moerti, I. (2023). Peran Job Satisfaction Sebagai Mediasi antara Job Stress dan Turnover Intention Pada Karyawan Restoran. 1(2), 20–27.
Wibowo, F., Sosilowati, E., & Setiyawan, A. A. (2024). Fenomena turnover intention pada Generasi Z dalam revolusi industri 5.0. Journal of Management and Digital Business, 4(2), 313–325.
Zidane Muhammad, & Paksi, G. M. (2025). Turnover Intention Among Barisa in Coffee Shops. Journal of Development Economic and Social Studies, 4(4), 1104–1110. https://doi.org/10.21776/jdess.2025.04.4.04
Published
2026-10-31
How to Cite
Firna Octavia Sakinah, Aliza Amalia Imanda, Indah Nursyafikha, Yana Lumban Gaol, & Kartono. (2026). Determinants of Turnover Intention of Generation Z Employees in the Cafe Industry in Cirebon City. International Journal of Economics, Business and Innovation Research, 5(06), 2548-2563. https://doi.org/10.63922/ijebir.v5i06.6579
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