The Influence of Career Development, Work Environment, and Remuneration on the Interest of Enlisted Personnel to Participate in Naval NCO Training with Motivation as A Mediating Variable
Abstract
This research is motivated by the low interest of Enlisted personnel at the Indonesian Naval Academy (AAL) in attending the Non-Commissioned Officer Formation Education (Diktukba), with participation rates consistently below 10% over the past four years. Career development, work environment, remuneration, and motivation are identified as key factors influencing this phenomenon. The objective of the research is to analyze the effects of career development, work environment, and remuneration on Enlisted personnel’s interest in pursuing Diktukba, with motivation serving as a mediating variable. The research method uses a quantitative approach with a survey technique through a questionnaire, involving a population of 170 AAL enlisted personnel with a sample size of 119 people, and analyzed using SmartPLS-based path analysis. The findings reveal that career development, work environment, and remuneration significantly affect motivation, and motivation mediates the relationship between these factors and interest in attending Diktukba. The discussion highlights that minimal differences in remuneration, workplace comfort, and the relatively older age of personnel are major barriers. In conclusion, strengthening career development systems, improving the work environment, and implementing better remuneration policies are essential to enhance motivation and increase Enlisted personnel’s interest in advancing to the NCO level.
References
Amindrawati, T., Bodroastuti, T., & Ginanjar, R. (2025). Work Motivation and Compensation on Employee Performance. Philanthropy: Journal of Psychology, 9(1). https://doi.org/10.26623/philanthropy.v9i1.10761
Andre, L., Peetsma, T. T. D., van Vianen, A. E. M., Jansen in de Wal, J., Petrović, D. S., & Bunjevac, T. (2019). Motivated by future and challenges: A cross-cultural study on adolescents’ investment in learning and career planning. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2018.11.015
Bharadwaj, R., & Teeter, C. B. (2026). Compensation and Employee Loyalty. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v14i1.7872
Boadi, S., Amoako, R., Adu-Yeboah, S. S., & Asare, A. (2025). Factors Influencing Employee Motivation among Technical University Employees. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science, IX(I). https://doi.org/10.47772/ijriss.2025.9010256
Bruyneel, A., Bouckaert, N., Maertens de Noordhout, C., Detollenaere, J., Kohn, L., Pirson, M., Sermeus, W., & Van den Heede, K. (2023). Association of burnout and intention-to-leave the profession with work environment: A nationwide cross-sectional study among Belgian intensive care nurses after two years of pandemic. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 137. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2022.104385
Denyer-Green, B. (2018). Compulsory Purchase and Compensation. In Compulsory Purchase and Compensation. https://doi.org/10.1201/9780429461507
Dumitriu, S., Bocean, C. G., Vărzaru, A. A., Al-Floarei, A. T., Sperdea, N. M., Popescu, F. L., & Băloi, I.-C. (2025). The Role of the Workplace Environment in Shaping Employees’ Well-Being. Sustainability, 17(6), 2613. https://doi.org/10.3390/su17062613
Effendi et al. (2024). Determinan Minat Melanjutkan Studi Perguruan Tinggi Pada Siswa Akuntansi Smk Negeri 1 Batang. Business and Economic Analysis Journal, 4(1).
Firman, A., Latief, F., & Dirwan, D. (2022). Dampak Pelatihan Mutasi dan Rotasi Kerja Terhadap Motivasi Kerja Pegawai. Jurnal Manajemen STIE Muhammadiyah Palopo, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.35906/jurman.v8i2.1232
Gati, R. A., & Utomo, T. W. W. (2024). Talent Management in Indonesian National Armed Force: Addressing Personnel Bottlenecks. Jurnal Borneo Administrator, 20(2). https://doi.org/10.24258/jba.v20i2.1448
George, C. (2024). Career Development Theories and Graduate Employment. APCDA Conference Proceedings, 1(June).
Gumay, L. (2025). Transformational Leadership in the Territorial Development of the Indonesian National Army in Makassar City. KnE Social Sciences, 10(18). https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v10i18.19545
Hair, et al. (2021). A Primer on Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). European Journal of Tourism Research, 6(2).
Handi, & Safitri, W. (2023). Pengaruh Reputasi Perusahaan, E-Recruitment, Dan Kompensasi Terhadap Minat Melamar Kerja Di Kabupaten Bekasi. Jambura, 6(1).
Hayomi, A. Y., & Suharnomo. (2024). Pengaruh E-Recruitment, Reputasi Perusahaan, dan Kompensasi Terhadap Minat Melamar Kerja Kajian Ekonomi Islam (Studi pada Fresh Graduate di Semarang). Jurnal Ilmiah Ekonomi Islam.
Hiğde, E., & Aktamış, H. (2022). The effects of STEM activities on students’ STEM career interests, motivation, science process skills, science achievement and views. Thinking Skills and Creativity, 43. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsc.2022.101000
Hosen, S., Hamzah, S. R. ah, Arif Ismail, I., Noormi Alias, S., Faiq Abd Aziz, M., & Rahman, M. M. (2024). Training & development, career development, and organizational commitment as the predictor of work performance. Heliyon, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23903
Kohnen, D., De Witte, H., Schaufeli, W. B., Dello, S., Bruyneel, L., & Sermeus, W. (2024). Engaging leadership and nurse well-being: the role of the work environment and work motivation—a cross-sectional study. Human Resources for Health, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-023-00886-6
Kusumawardhani, C., Guntur, ;, Saputro, E., & Sutanto, ; (2026). Integrating Mental And Psychosocial Readiness Into Military Human Resource Policy For Conflict Zone Deployment In Indonesia. PALAR (Pakuan Law Review), 12.
Laathi’fah, S. ’Ulaa, & Noekent, V. (2024). Compensation, Work Stress, and Employee Performance: The Mediating Role of Work Motivation in Industrial Companies. Management Analysis Journal, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.15294/maj.v13i2.9136
Liaquat, M., Ahmed, G., Ismail, H., Ul Ain, Q., Irshad, S., Sadaf Izhar, S., & Tariq Mughal, M. (2024). Impact of motivational factors and green behaviors on employee environmental performance. Research in Globalization, 8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resglo.2023.100180
Litynska, V., Romanovska, L., Kravchyna, T., Shandruk, S., Sopotnytska, O., & Kondratskа, L. (2024). Personnel Career Advancement Factors: Evidence from Educational Institutions. European Journal of Sustainable Development, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2024.v13n2p228
Lombu, A. C., & Wahyuningtyas, Y. F. (2026). The Effect of Compensation and Work Environment on Employee Performance. Research Horizon, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.54518/rh.6.2.2026.1092
Maularahmah, S., & Kurniawati, D. T. (2024). Pengaruh Kompensasi, Lingkungan Kerja, Dan Deskripsi Pekerjaan Terhadap Minat Generasi Z Dalam Melamar Kerja. Jurnal Kewirausahaan Dan Inovasi, 3(3). https://doi.org/10.21776/jki.2024.03.3.02
Medina-Córdoba, M., Cadavid, S., Espinosa-Aranzales, A. F., Aguía-Rojas, K., Bermúdez-Hernández, P. A., Quiroga-Torres, D. A., & Rodríguez-Dueñas, W. R. (2024). The effect of interprofessional education on the work environment of health professionals: a scoping review. In Advances in Health Sciences Education (Vol. 29, Number 4). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-023-10300-4
Meilana, L., Supriatin, D., & Barima, H. (2025). The Influence of Organizational Culture, Physical Work Environment, Transformational Leadership on Job Satisfaction of Teachers at Muhammadiyah 1 High School, Purbalingga. Synergy: Journal of Business, Finance and Management, 1(1). https://doi.org/10.68111/sjbfm.v1i1.11
Mongan, Y. C., Ratnasari, S. L., & Lestari, E. P. (2023). Pengaruh Kompensasi, Lingkungan Kerja, dan Kepuasan Kerja, terhadap Motivasi Kerja Pegawai Kecamatan Sekupang Kota Batam. Bahtera Inovasi, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.31629/bi.v7i1.5505
Nguyen, T. Q., Hoang, D. P., Vu, T. H., & Nguyen, L. D. (2026). Understanding postgraduate study intentions among Vietnamese Gen Z employees: a motivational perspective. Journal of Financial Economic Policy, 18(4). https://doi.org/10.1108/JFEP-08-2025-0373
Nugroho, Y. S. B., Suhardjanto, D., Widarjo, W., & Supriyono. (2026). Remuneration structure and financial performance in an Indonesian oil conglomerate from a managerial power perspective. Discover Sustainability, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s43621-026-03323-5
Nuryanti, A., Indaryani, M. I., & Sutono, S. (2025). Pengaruh Analisis Jabatan dan Pengembangan Karir Terhadap Kinerja Pegawai Melalui Motivasi Kerja Pegawai. Jurnal Dinamika Ekonomi & Bisnis, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.34001/jdeb.v22i1.7879
Osei, P. C., & Bjorklund, D. F. (2024). Motivating the Learning Process: Integrating Self-Determination Theory Into a Dynamical Systems Framework. In Educational Psychology Review (Vol. 36, Number 3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10648-024-09934-6
Pakpahan, R., Mardi, & Handarini, D. (2024). Pengaruh Lingkungan Keluarga, Pengembangan Karir Dan Motivasi Gelar Terhadap Minat Mengikuti Pendidikan Profesi Akuntansi (PPAk). Cendikia: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pengajaran, 2(3), 407–419. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.572349/cendikia.v2i3.1149
Pamungkas, A., Qadrian, A. M., Jusung, J. N., & Sihombing, S. (2025). Pengaruh Kompensasi dan Pengembangan Karir terhadap Kinerja Karyawan Melalui Motivasi Kerja. Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Kebudayaan Nusantara, 3(1).
Pshembayeva, E., Pfeyfer, N., Uaikhanova, M., & Bubenchikova, A. (2022). Career success: Analysis and development of career opportunities in students. Frontiers in Education, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.999541
Putra, P. D., & Elysa, N. Z. (2025). Pengaruh Motivasi Dan Persepsi Biaya Tehadap Minat Melanjutkan Studi Magister. Faktor : Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.30998/fjik.v11i2.12384
Quinlan, K. M., & Corbin, J. (2023). How and why do students’ career interests change during higher education? Studies in Higher Education, 48(6). https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2023.2166916
Rachmawati, A., Wulan, M., & Saraswati, A. M. (2023). Pengaruh Pelatihan Profesional, Pertimbangan Pasar Kerja, Dan Lingkungan Kerja Terhadap Minat Mahasiswa Akuntansi Berkarir Menjadi Akuntan Publik. Jurnal Pendidikan Akuntansi Indonesia, 21(2). https://doi.org/10.21831/jpai.v21i2.67318
Radiman, R., Wahyuni, S. F., & Lestari, S. P. (2024). Nilai-Nilai Individu dan Remunerasi Terhadap Komitmen Organisasi Dalam Pendidikan Tinggi: Peran Mediasi Motivasi Kerja. Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Dan Bisnis, 25(2). https://doi.org/10.30596/jimb.v25i2.21476
Rubio, D. M., Robinson, G. F. W. B., Gabrilove, J., & Meagher, E. A. (2017). Creating effective career development programs. Journal of Clinical and Translational Science, 1(2). https://doi.org/10.1017/cts.2016.30
Rusmana, R. B., & Muslim, M. A. (2024). Kebijakan Diklat Militer Untuk Mewujudkan Profesionalisme TNI. Jurnal Kebijakan Publik, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.31258/jkp.v15i1.8426
Sabilalo, M. A., Kalsum, U., Nur, Muh., & Makkulau, A. R. (2020). Pengaruh Lingkungan Kerja Dan Kemampuan Kerja Terhadap Motivasi Kerja Dan Kinerja Pegawai Biro Organisasi Sekretariat Daerah Provinsi Sulawesi Tenggara. Journal Of Management & Business, 3(2).
Salsabila, S. , Afifi, Z., H N, D., Rizky Mulyani, U., . M., & Robiyanto, F. (2024). The Influence of Economic Motivation, Gender, Perception, Family Environment, and Work Environment on Students’ Interest in Becoming a Public Accountant. KnE Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v9i17.16376
Schunk, D. H., & DiBenedetto, M. K. (2020). Motivation and social cognitive theory. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2019.101832
Shen, Y., Spencer, D., Tagsold, J., & Kim, H. (2025). Integrating cognition, self-regulation, motivation, and metacognition: a framework of post-pandemic flipped classroom design. Educational Technology Research and Development, 73(4). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-025-10485-y
Sofiatun, S., & Rijanti, T. (2025). The Influence of Competence and Work Environment on Employee Performance with Organizational Commitment as an Interevening Variable. Mandalika Journal of Business and Management Studies, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.59613/mjbms.v3i2.293
Susanti, E., Raharjo, T. H., & Sallsa Billa, I. (2025). Pengaruh Motivasi Belajar dan Ekspektasi Karir Terhadap Intensi Melanjutkan Studi Lanjut dengan Status Sosial Ekonomi Orang Tua sebagai Variabel Moderating. Business and Accounting Education Journal, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.15294/baej.v6i1.20097
Syabilarrasyad, S., Irianto, J., & Suhariadi, F. (2023). Human Resources Competence in The Indonesian National Armed Forces and Ministry/ Non-Ministry Government Institutions. Devotion : Journal of Research and Community Service, 4(3). https://doi.org/10.36418/devotion.v4i3.443
Vo, T. T. D., Tuliao, K. V., & Chen, C. W. (2022). Work Motivation: The Roles of Individual Needs and Social Conditions. Behavioral Sciences, 12(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/bs12020049
Wahyuhadi, J., Hidayah, N., & Qurratul Aini. (2022). A Model of Performance Evaluation for Healthcare Workers Based on Satisfaction and Remuneration (Financial and Non-Financial). Folia Medica Indonesiana, 58(4). https://doi.org/10.20473/fmi.v58i4.38126
Wang, Q., Gan, K. P., Wei, H. Y., Sun, A. Q., Wang, Y. C., & Zhou, X. M. (2024). Public service motivation and public employees’ turnover intention: the role of job satisfaction and career growth opportunity. Personnel Review, 53(1). https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-11-2020-0836
Yates, J. (2025). Career development theories in practice: a thematic analysis of practitioner perceptions of the benefits of theoretically informed practice. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10775-025-09726-6
Zhenjing, G., Chupradit, S., Ku, K. Y., Nassani, A. A., & Haffar, M. (2022). Impact of Employees’ Workplace Environment on Employees’ Performance: A Multi-Mediation Model. Frontiers in Public Health, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.890400





.png)















Contact Person +6282139474255
Email : ijebir@citakonsultindo.or.id / editor.ijebir@gmail.com