Study on the Management of the Wanggu River Basin in Southeast Sulawesi: Literature Review
Keywords:
Watershed Management, Wanggu Watershed, Carrying Capacity, Watershed Performance
Abstract
The concept of Integrated Watershed Management essentially involves participatory management by multiple stakeholders, focusing on conservation and sustainable use through an ecological approach that emphasizes the interdependence between humans and nature. The Wanggu Watershed, located in Southeast Sulawesi, is characterized by high dynamics due to various human activities such as agriculture, plantations, forestry, and residential development, all of which influence its performance and carrying capacity. The extent of critical and moderately critical land in the Wanggu Watershed still qualifies it as an area with a high need for critical land rehabilitation. The percentage of vegetation cover, particularly forest cover, remains low and is in poor condition. This study aims to evaluate the watershed management practices implemented in the Wanggu Watershed. The water bodies included in the study comprise lakes, rivers, estuaries, seas, bays, and straits. The results indicate that the condition of vegetation cover—especially forest cover—is still poor, and the erosion index is high. Several soil parameters further reveal that the current watershed management in Wanggu is associated with low land carrying capacity. Therefore, improved land management and conservation efforts are necessary to enhance the watershed's performance and sustainability.
References
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Apriyanto, H., 2007. Watershed-based Bay Management Policy (Case Study of Kendari Bay).
Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology, 9(3): 149-155.
Bismihayati, Rahmi Putri Wirman, Lismomon Nata, Abdul Razak, Eni Kamal, Isril Berd. 2023. Watershed Management Through Sustainable Development Concept: Literature Review. Science and Environmental Journals for Postgraduate Vol. 5 No. 2 (pp. 77-82)Dinesh Chand Meena, Suresh Pal and Prem Chand. Assessment of watershed management ecosystem services in India: a meta-analysis. CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 1 23, NO. 11, 1352-1358.
Deby, R., Dermawan, V., and Sisinggih, D. 2019. Analysis of Wanggu River Flood Inundation Kendari City Southeast Sulawesi Province Using HEC RAS 5.0.6. International Research Journal of Advanced Engineering and Science, 4(2): 270-275.
Eva Safitri Maladeni, Nelam Patricia. 2023. Analysis of Reservoir Capacity as Flood Control in the Wanggu River Area. Journal of civil talents Vol 6, No 1.
Fadlin, F., Thaha, M.A., Maricar, F., and Hatta, M.P. 2022. Spatial Modeling for the Calculation of River Capacity: Case Study Downstream Area of Wanggu River Kendari. 4th International Conference on Civil and Environmental Engineering. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science. IOP Publishing. doi:10.1088/1755- 1315/1117/1/012072.
Fadlin, F., Thaha, M.A., Maricar, F., and Hatta, M.P. 2022. Spatial Modeling for Flood Risk Reduction in Wanggu Watershed, Kendari. International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, 70(12): 219-226. https://doi.org/10.14445/22315381/IJETT- V70I12P222 .
Hema, Assiddieq, M., Ndibale, W., Ilham, Wibowo, D. Water Quality Analysis with TSS, BOD, Detergent and Phosphate (PO4) Parameters in Wanggu River, Kendari City. ENVIROTEK JOURNAL: Scientific Journal of Environmental Engineering, 13(2): 34- 40.
I Gusti Ayu Ketut Rachmi Handayani, Winarno Budyatmojo, Rahayu Subekti. 2014. Influence Factors of the Setting Regulation of Sustainable Watershed Ecosystem in Indonesia. International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, Vol. 5, Issue 4 (Dec.).
Irsyam. L, H., Kandari, A.M., Syaf, H., Sabaruddin, L.O., Sudia, L.B. 2023. Analysis of Wanggu Intake Development on Clean Water Supply in Wua-Wua District. Journal of Regional Planning PPS UHO, 8 (2): 116-127. Doi: 10.33772/jpw.v8i2.387.
Kahirun, Nurnaningsih Hamzah, Arwan A. Rahman, Wa Ode Yusria, Nurhayati Hajar, Erich Nov Putra. 2023. Performance of Wanggu Watershed Management Based on Land Indicators. Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability, 7: 116-127.
Kasim, K., Kandari, A.M., Yasin, A., & Mando, L.O.A.S. 2020. A Model to Estimate Stored Carbon in the Upland Forests of the Wanggu Watershed. Journal of Sustainable Development, 13(4): 47-59. https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v13n4p47.
L Alwi, S Marwah and Akmal. 2021. Spatial analysis of flood-prone areas and harvest failures in the Wanggu Southeast Sulawesi Watershed. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 681 (2021) 012029. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/681/1/012029.
La Ode Alwi, Naik Sinukaban, Soleh Solahuddin, and Hidayat Pawitan. 2011. Assessment of the Impact of Land Use Dynamics on Erosion and Hydrological Conditions of Wanggu Watershed. J. Hidrolitan, 2(2): 74-86.
L O Alwi, S Marwah, and Astriwana. 2021. The study of forest land use on land characteristics and soil hydrological characteristics in the Wanggu Watershed, Southeast Sulawesi. International Conference on Sustainable Utilization of Natural Resources. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science. IOP Publishing. doi:10.1088/1755- 1315/800/1/012045.
Mamo, A.A. 2022. Factors affecting adoption of watershed management Program in Mirab-Abaya Districts of Southern Ethiopia. Research square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs- 1612055/v1
Muh. Sofyan Budiarto, Ida Widianingsih, Raden Ahmad Buchari, Entang A. Muhtar, Herri Saksono. Research Landscape on Watershed Management in Indonesia; A Bibliometric Analysis. Alliance: Journal of Politics, Security and International Relations eISSN Number: 2829-1794 Special Edition September 2022 Page: 386-394
Narendra, B. H., Siregar, C. A., Dharmawan, I. W. S., Sukmana, A., Pratiwi, Pramono, I. B., Basuki,
T. M., Nugroho, H. Y. S. H., Supangat, A. B., Purwanto, Setiawan, O., Nandini, R., Ulya, N. A., Arifanti, V. B., & Yuwati, T. W. (2021). A review on sustainability of watershed management in Indonesia. In Sustainability (Switzerland) (Vol. 13, Issue 19). https://doi.org/10.3390/su131911125
Pambudi, A.S. 2019. Watershed Management in Indonesia: A Regulation, Institution, and Policy Review. The Indonesian Journal of Development Planning, 3(2): 185-202.
Ramisa, Saehu, M.S., Romantika, I.W. 2021. Factors Associated with Community Knowledge about Flood Disaster Mitigation around the Wanggu River, Lepo-Lepo Village, Baruga District, Kendari City. Scientific Journal of Health Work, 02(01): 54-61.
Reddy, R, V., Saharawat, Y. S., & George, B. (2017). Watershed management in South Asia: A synoptic review. In Journal of Hydrology (Vol. 551). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.201705.043. .
Rustan, F.R., Puspaningtyas, R., Sriyani, R., Julianti, R. 2020. Rate and Load of Bed Sediment of Wanggu River. Scientific Journal of Civil Engineering, 8(2): 99-105.
Sahabuddin, H., Harisuseno, D., Yuliani, E. 2014. Analysis of Water Quality Status and Capacity of Wanggu River Pollution Load in Kendari City. Journal of Irrigation Engineering, 5(1):19-28.
Salihin, I., Darise, M.E.P., Usman, I. 2018. Study of Flood and Inundation Characteristics (Case Study: Area Around the Bridge Jl. MT. Haryono, Jl. Sungai Wanggu and Jl. Boulevard). Journal of Geography Applications and Technology, 2(1): 1-7.
Sarlia, and Harudu, L. 2020. Community Perceptions in Handling Waste on the Wanggu Riverbanks, Lalolara Village, Kambu District, Kendari City. Journal of Geography Education Research, 5(1): 21-26.
Sulistyaningsih, T., Nurmandi, A., Salahudin, S., Roziqin, A., Kamil, M., Sihidi, I. T., Romadhan,
A. A., & Loilatu, M. J. (2021). Public policy analysis on watershed governance in Indonesia. In Sustainability (Switzerland) (Vol. 13, Issue 12). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13126615.
Supriadi, A., and Pamungkas, Y.A. 2016. Flood Control of Wanggu River in Kendari City, Southeast Sulawesi Province. Thesis: Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Sultan Agung Islamic University. Semarang.
Suryawan, W.A., and Sukri, A.S. 2013. Study of Hydraulic Dynamics of Wanggu River Flow into Kendari Bay and Alternative Control Efforts with Pure Hydraulic and Eco-Hydraulic Integral (Environmentally Friendly). Stabilita Journal, 1(3): 313-324.
Syafri Syafri, Batara Surya, Ridwan Ridwan, Syamsul Bahri, Emil Salim Rasyidi and Sudarman Sudarman. 2020. Water Quality Pollution Control and Watershed Management Based on Community Participation in Maros City, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10260; doi:10.3390/su122410260
Tri Rano M. Saleh and Hafid Setiadi.2020. Resilience of Flood Disasters in the Wanggu Watershed, Kendari City.IOP Conf. Ser..: Earth Environ. Sci. 436 012016. DOI 10.1088/1755- 1315/436/1/012016.
Wicaksono, F.B., Reseda, A., Abdi, E.N., and Suryadi, F.X. 2019. Drought Analysis to Support Urban Agriculture in Wanggu Catchment Area, Indonesia. 3rd World Irrigation Forum (WIF3). Bali, Indonesia.
Widyastuti. 2022. Flood Disaster Mitigation Strategy in the Wanggu Watershed Area in Kendari City, Southeast Sulawesi Province. Institute of Domestic Government (IPDN). Ministry of Home Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia. Page. 1-10.
Worku, T., & Tripathi, S. K. (2015). Watershed Management in Highlands of Ethiopia: A Review. OALib, 02(06). https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1101481
Yobsan Bekele, Birhanu Kebede, Tolera Kuma. 2023. Assessing the role of community participation in integrated watershed management in Dandi Lake watershed Dandi district, West Showa, Oromia, Ethiopia. Applied Water Science 13:207.
Alfian, A. (2020). The Impact of Decentralization on Integrated Watershed Management (IWM): A Case Study in the Wanggu Watershed, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia [Master's thesis, Ohio State University]. OhioLINK Electronic Theses and Dissertations Center. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1588962127373195
Alwi, L., and Marwah, S. 2015. Analysis of the Impact of Land Use Change on Land Degradation and Farmers' Income of Wanggu Watershed, Southeast Sulawesi. Journal of Agricultural Technology Assessment and Development Vol.18, No.2, July 2015: 117-130.
Apriyanto, H., 2007. Watershed-based Bay Management Policy (Case Study of Kendari Bay).
Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology, 9(3): 149-155.
Bismihayati, Rahmi Putri Wirman, Lismomon Nata, Abdul Razak, Eni Kamal, Isril Berd. 2023. Watershed Management Through Sustainable Development Concept: Literature Review. Science and Environmental Journals for Postgraduate Vol. 5 No. 2 (pp. 77-82)Dinesh Chand Meena, Suresh Pal and Prem Chand. Assessment of watershed management ecosystem services in India: a meta-analysis. CURRENT SCIENCE, VOL. 1 23, NO. 11, 1352-1358.
Deby, R., Dermawan, V., and Sisinggih, D. 2019. Analysis of Wanggu River Flood Inundation Kendari City Southeast Sulawesi Province Using HEC RAS 5.0.6. International Research Journal of Advanced Engineering and Science, 4(2): 270-275.
Eva Safitri Maladeni, Nelam Patricia. 2023. Analysis of Reservoir Capacity as Flood Control in the Wanggu River Area. Journal of civil talents Vol 6, No 1.
Fadlin, F., Thaha, M.A., Maricar, F., and Hatta, M.P. 2022. Spatial Modeling for the Calculation of River Capacity: Case Study Downstream Area of Wanggu River Kendari. 4th International Conference on Civil and Environmental Engineering. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science. IOP Publishing. doi:10.1088/1755- 1315/1117/1/012072.
Fadlin, F., Thaha, M.A., Maricar, F., and Hatta, M.P. 2022. Spatial Modeling for Flood Risk Reduction in Wanggu Watershed, Kendari. International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology, 70(12): 219-226. https://doi.org/10.14445/22315381/IJETT- V70I12P222 .
Hema, Assiddieq, M., Ndibale, W., Ilham, Wibowo, D. Water Quality Analysis with TSS, BOD, Detergent and Phosphate (PO4) Parameters in Wanggu River, Kendari City. ENVIROTEK JOURNAL: Scientific Journal of Environmental Engineering, 13(2): 34- 40.
I Gusti Ayu Ketut Rachmi Handayani, Winarno Budyatmojo, Rahayu Subekti. 2014. Influence Factors of the Setting Regulation of Sustainable Watershed Ecosystem in Indonesia. International Journal of Business, Economics and Law, Vol. 5, Issue 4 (Dec.).
Irsyam. L, H., Kandari, A.M., Syaf, H., Sabaruddin, L.O., Sudia, L.B. 2023. Analysis of Wanggu Intake Development on Clean Water Supply in Wua-Wua District. Journal of Regional Planning PPS UHO, 8 (2): 116-127. Doi: 10.33772/jpw.v8i2.387.
Kahirun, Nurnaningsih Hamzah, Arwan A. Rahman, Wa Ode Yusria, Nurhayati Hajar, Erich Nov Putra. 2023. Performance of Wanggu Watershed Management Based on Land Indicators. Indonesian Journal of Environmental Management and Sustainability, 7: 116-127.
Kasim, K., Kandari, A.M., Yasin, A., & Mando, L.O.A.S. 2020. A Model to Estimate Stored Carbon in the Upland Forests of the Wanggu Watershed. Journal of Sustainable Development, 13(4): 47-59. https://doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v13n4p47.
L Alwi, S Marwah and Akmal. 2021. Spatial analysis of flood-prone areas and harvest failures in the Wanggu Southeast Sulawesi Watershed. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science 681 (2021) 012029. doi:10.1088/1755-1315/681/1/012029.
La Ode Alwi, Naik Sinukaban, Soleh Solahuddin, and Hidayat Pawitan. 2011. Assessment of the Impact of Land Use Dynamics on Erosion and Hydrological Conditions of Wanggu Watershed. J. Hidrolitan, 2(2): 74-86.
L O Alwi, S Marwah, and Astriwana. 2021. The study of forest land use on land characteristics and soil hydrological characteristics in the Wanggu Watershed, Southeast Sulawesi. International Conference on Sustainable Utilization of Natural Resources. IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science. IOP Publishing. doi:10.1088/1755- 1315/800/1/012045.
Mamo, A.A. 2022. Factors affecting adoption of watershed management Program in Mirab-Abaya Districts of Southern Ethiopia. Research square. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs- 1612055/v1
Muh. Sofyan Budiarto, Ida Widianingsih, Raden Ahmad Buchari, Entang A. Muhtar, Herri Saksono. Research Landscape on Watershed Management in Indonesia; A Bibliometric Analysis. Alliance: Journal of Politics, Security and International Relations eISSN Number: 2829-1794 Special Edition September 2022 Page: 386-394
Narendra, B. H., Siregar, C. A., Dharmawan, I. W. S., Sukmana, A., Pratiwi, Pramono, I. B., Basuki,
T. M., Nugroho, H. Y. S. H., Supangat, A. B., Purwanto, Setiawan, O., Nandini, R., Ulya, N. A., Arifanti, V. B., & Yuwati, T. W. (2021). A review on sustainability of watershed management in Indonesia. In Sustainability (Switzerland) (Vol. 13, Issue 19). https://doi.org/10.3390/su131911125
Pambudi, A.S. 2019. Watershed Management in Indonesia: A Regulation, Institution, and Policy Review. The Indonesian Journal of Development Planning, 3(2): 185-202.
Ramisa, Saehu, M.S., Romantika, I.W. 2021. Factors Associated with Community Knowledge about Flood Disaster Mitigation around the Wanggu River, Lepo-Lepo Village, Baruga District, Kendari City. Scientific Journal of Health Work, 02(01): 54-61.
Reddy, R, V., Saharawat, Y. S., & George, B. (2017). Watershed management in South Asia: A synoptic review. In Journal of Hydrology (Vol. 551). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.201705.043. .
Rustan, F.R., Puspaningtyas, R., Sriyani, R., Julianti, R. 2020. Rate and Load of Bed Sediment of Wanggu River. Scientific Journal of Civil Engineering, 8(2): 99-105.
Sahabuddin, H., Harisuseno, D., Yuliani, E. 2014. Analysis of Water Quality Status and Capacity of Wanggu River Pollution Load in Kendari City. Journal of Irrigation Engineering, 5(1):19-28.
Salihin, I., Darise, M.E.P., Usman, I. 2018. Study of Flood and Inundation Characteristics (Case Study: Area Around the Bridge Jl. MT. Haryono, Jl. Sungai Wanggu and Jl. Boulevard). Journal of Geography Applications and Technology, 2(1): 1-7.
Sarlia, and Harudu, L. 2020. Community Perceptions in Handling Waste on the Wanggu Riverbanks, Lalolara Village, Kambu District, Kendari City. Journal of Geography Education Research, 5(1): 21-26.
Sulistyaningsih, T., Nurmandi, A., Salahudin, S., Roziqin, A., Kamil, M., Sihidi, I. T., Romadhan,
A. A., & Loilatu, M. J. (2021). Public policy analysis on watershed governance in Indonesia. In Sustainability (Switzerland) (Vol. 13, Issue 12). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13126615.
Supriadi, A., and Pamungkas, Y.A. 2016. Flood Control of Wanggu River in Kendari City, Southeast Sulawesi Province. Thesis: Faculty of Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering, Sultan Agung Islamic University. Semarang.
Suryawan, W.A., and Sukri, A.S. 2013. Study of Hydraulic Dynamics of Wanggu River Flow into Kendari Bay and Alternative Control Efforts with Pure Hydraulic and Eco-Hydraulic Integral (Environmentally Friendly). Stabilita Journal, 1(3): 313-324.
Syafri Syafri, Batara Surya, Ridwan Ridwan, Syamsul Bahri, Emil Salim Rasyidi and Sudarman Sudarman. 2020. Water Quality Pollution Control and Watershed Management Based on Community Participation in Maros City, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Sustainability 2020, 12, 10260; doi:10.3390/su122410260
Tri Rano M. Saleh and Hafid Setiadi.2020. Resilience of Flood Disasters in the Wanggu Watershed, Kendari City.IOP Conf. Ser..: Earth Environ. Sci. 436 012016. DOI 10.1088/1755- 1315/436/1/012016.
Wicaksono, F.B., Reseda, A., Abdi, E.N., and Suryadi, F.X. 2019. Drought Analysis to Support Urban Agriculture in Wanggu Catchment Area, Indonesia. 3rd World Irrigation Forum (WIF3). Bali, Indonesia.
Widyastuti. 2022. Flood Disaster Mitigation Strategy in the Wanggu Watershed Area in Kendari City, Southeast Sulawesi Province. Institute of Domestic Government (IPDN). Ministry of Home Affairs of the Republic of Indonesia. Page. 1-10.
Worku, T., & Tripathi, S. K. (2015). Watershed Management in Highlands of Ethiopia: A Review. OALib, 02(06). https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1101481
Yobsan Bekele, Birhanu Kebede, Tolera Kuma. 2023. Assessing the role of community participation in integrated watershed management in Dandi Lake watershed Dandi district, West Showa, Oromia, Ethiopia. Applied Water Science 13:207.
Published
2025-06-29
How to Cite
La Ode Muhammad Erif, La Baco Sudia, Surya Cipta Ramadhan Kete, Asramid Yasin, & Muhammad Saleh Qadri. (2025). Study on the Management of the Wanggu River Basin in Southeast Sulawesi: Literature Review. International Journal of Technology and Education Research, 3(02), 594-507. https://doi.org/10.63922/ijeter.v3i02.2072
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