Integration of Servant Leadership and Psychological Factors on Teachers' OCB

Nur Amega Setiawati; Soewarto Hardhienata; Herfina

doi:10.63922/ijeter.v3i04.2385

Nur Amega Setiawati Postgraduate School, Universitas Pakuan, Indonesia .
Soewarto Hardhienata Postgraduate School, Universitas Pakuan, Indonesia .
Herfina Postgraduate School, Universitas Pakuan, Indonesia .

DOI: https://doi.org/10.63922/ijeter.v3i04.2385

Keywords: organizational citizenship behavior, servant leadership, psychological factors

Abstract

Teachers’ Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) plays a crucial role in enhancing school effectiveness and the quality of educational services, particularly in private vocational high schools that face increasing performance and competitiveness demands. However, the lack of extra-role behavior among teachers remains a persistent challenge. This study aims to examine the effects of Servant Leadership and teachers’ psychological factors on Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) among teachers in private vocational high schools in West Jakarta, both directly and indirectly. This research employed a quantitative approach using a survey method. The population consisted of 1,119 permanent teachers from A-accredited private vocational high schools in West Jakarta, with a sample of 199 teachers selected through proportional random sampling. Data were collected using validated and reliable structured questionnaires and analyzed using Path Analysis to examine causal relationships among variables. The findings indicate that Servant Leadership and psychological factors have a positive and significant effect on teachers’ OCB, both partially and simultaneously. Psychological factors emerge as a key variable that strengthens the influence of Servant Leadership on teachers’ extra-role behavior. This study contributes theoretically to the development of OCB research within educational leadership studies and provides practical implications for school management in designing strategies to enhance teachers’ performance through the strengthening of servant leadership practices and the management of teachers’ psychological conditions.

References

Aboramadan, M., Dahleez, K. A., & Hamad, M. H. (2022). Servant leadership and organizational citizenship behavior: The mediating role of psychological empowerment. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 29(1), 85–101. https://doi.org/10.1177/15480518211034410

Bakker, A. B., Albrecht, S. L., & Leiter, M. P. (2023). Key questions regarding work engagement. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 32(1), 1–15.

https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2022.2165354

Breevaart, K., & Zacher, H. (2021). Daily servant leadership and follower performance: The role of daily job crafting. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 94(2), 324–346. https://doi.org/10.1111/joop.12335

Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2020). Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation from a self-determination theory perspective: Definitions, theory, practices, and future directions. Contemporary Educational Psychology, 61, 101860. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cedpsych.2020.101860

Eva, N., Robin, M., Sendjaya, S., van Dierendonck, D., & Liden, R. C. (2021). Servant leadership: A systematic review and call for future research. The Leadership Quarterly, 32(1), 101415. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2020.101415

Hardhienata, S. (2021). SITOREM analysis for determining priority indicators in educational management research. International Journal of Educational Management, 35(7), 1459–1472. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-01-2021-0025

Judge, T. A., Weiss, H. M., Kammeyer-Mueller, J. D., & Hulin, C. L. (2020). Job attitudes, job satisfaction, and job affect: A century of continuity and change. Journal of Applied Psychology, 105(4), 356–379. https://doi.org/10.1037/apl0000452

Jiang, H., & Chen, Y. (2023). Servant leadership and teachers’ organizational citizenship behavior: The mediating role of job satisfaction. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 51(4), 623–642. https://doi.org/10.1177/17411432211030434

Karatepe, O. M., Aboramadan, M., & Dahleez, K. A. (2024). Servant leadership and extra-role behaviors: The role of psychological resources. Journal of Service Management, 35(1), 98–118. https://doi.org/10.1108/JOSM-07-2023-0231

Kim, M., & Beehr, T. A. (2024). Psychological empowerment and organizational citizenship behavior: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 45(2), 210–228. https://doi.org/10.1002/job.2687

Liden, R. C., Wayne, S. J., Meuser, J. D., Hu, J., Wu, J., & Liao, C. (2020). Servant leadership and serving culture: Influence on individual and unit performance. Academy of Management Journal, 63(2), 392–423. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2017.0676

Meyer, J. P., Stanley, D. J., & Parfyonova, N. M. (2022). Employee commitment in context: The nature and implication of commitment profiles. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 134, 103711. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2022.103711

OECD. (2024). Education at a glance 2024: OECD indicators. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/69096873-en

Organ, D. W., Podsakoff, P. M., & MacKenzie, S. B. (2020). Organizational citizenship behavior: Its nature, antecedents, and consequences. Sage Publications.

Podsakoff, N. P., Whiting, S. W., Podsakoff, P. M., & Blume, B. D. (2022). Organizational citizenship behavior: A critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. Journal of Management, 48(5), 1231–1266. https://doi.org/10.1177/01492063221096463

Ribeiro, N., Duarte, A. P., Filipe, R., & Torres de Oliveira, R. (2020). How authentic leadership promotes organizational citizenship behaviors. International Journal of Organizational Analysis, 28(1), 234–250. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOA-06-2019-1805

Sendjaya, S., Eva, N., Butarbutar, I., Robin, M., & Castles, S. (2021). SLBS: Validation of a servant leadership behavior scale. Journal of Business Ethics, 172, 407–424.

UNESCO. (2023). Global education monitoring report 2023: Technology in education. UNESCO Publishing. https://www.unesco.org/gem-report

van Dierendonck, D. (2021). Servant leadership: A review and synthesis. Journal of Management, 47(4), 1226–1256. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206320973692

Wang, H., Law, K. S., Hackett, R. D., Wang, D., & Chen, Z. X. (2021). Leader–member exchange as a mediator of the relationship between transformational leadership and OCB. Academy of Management Journal, 64(2), 437–460. https://doi.org/10.5465/amj.2018.0963

Yin, H., Huang, S., & Chen, G. (2022). Teacher psychological capital and organizational citizenship behavior: A multilevel analysis. Teaching and Teacher Education, 109, 103549. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2021.1