Self-Confidence And Digital Literacy Mediate: The Effect Of Entrepreneurial Knowledge On The Intention To Start An E-Business (A Study Of Vocational High School Students In Pasuruan)
Keywords:
Self-Confidence, Digital Literacy, Entrepreneurial Knowledge, E-Business Entrepreneurial Intentions.
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the effect of entrepreneurial knowledge on the intention to start an e-business among students at SMKN Pasuruan, with digital literacy and self-confidence as mediators. The main issues raised are whether entrepreneurial knowledge directly affects the intention to start a business and what role digital literacy and self-confidence play in this process. The method used is a quantitative approach with data collection through questionnaires from vocational high school students in Pasuruan. The data were analyzed using a path analysis model to test the relationship between the variables studied. This study also adopted a cross-sectional design to see the relationship between variables at a certain point in time. The results show that entrepreneurial knowledge does not have a direct impact on e-business entrepreneurial intention, but it has an indirect effect through self-confidence and digital literacy. In conclusion, increasing self-confidence and digital literacy is very important to encourage entrepreneurial intention, while entrepreneurial knowledge needs to be supported by students' psychological factors and digital capabilities.
References
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Caputo, A., Nguyen, V. H. A., & Delladio, S. (2025). Risk-taking, knowledge, and mindset: unpacking the antecedents of entrepreneurial intention. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 21(1), 1-29.
Casteel, A., & Bridier, N. L. (2021). Describing populations and samples in doctoral student research. International journal of doctoral studies, 16(1).
Chen, C. C., & Tu, H. Y. (2021). The effect of digital game-based learning on learning motivation and performance under social cognitive theory and entrepreneurial thinking. Frontiers in psychology, 12, 750711.
Cheng, Y., Zheng, Y., Schiavone, F., & Escobar, O. R. (2024). Fantasy of success, fear of failure and entrepreneurial choice: The moderating role of business vibrancy and failure experience. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 30(11), 331-359.
Costin, Y., O’Brien, M. P., & Hynes, B. (2022). Entrepreneurial education: Maker or breaker in developing students’ entrepreneurial confidence, aptitude and self-efficacy?. Industry and Higher Education, 36(3), 267-278.
Dewi, K. H. (2023). The Role of Digital Literacy and E-Commerce in Online Purchasing Decisions. Coopetition: Journal of Scientific Managementhttps://doi.org/10.32670/coopetition.v13i3.2939.
Dornadula, V. H. R., Siddiqui, K., Shashirekha, B., & Kumar, C. V. (2023). Impact of entrepreneurial education on school students’ startup initiation tendency: An empirical study. Journal of Informatics Education and Research, 3(2), 2478-2484.
Dos Santos, P. M., & Cirillo, M. Â. (2023). Construction of the average variance extracted index for construct validation in structural equation models with adaptive regressions. Communications in Statistics-Simulation and Computation, 52(4), 1639-1650.
Duong, C. D., & Vu, T. N. (2025). Entrepreneurial education and higher education students’ e-entrepreneurial intention: a moderated mediation model of generative AI incorporation and e-entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Higher Education, Skills and Work-based Learning, 1-25.
Enstroem, R., & Benson, L. (2024). Enterprise education in undergraduate business programs advances students' negotiating competence and self-confidence. Education+ Training, 66(1), 54-69.
Fauzi, M. A. (2022). Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS SEM) in Knowledge Management Studies: Knowledge Sharing in Virtual Communities. Knowledge Management & E-Learning, 14(1), 103-124.
Fauzi, F., Antoni, D., & Suwarni, E. (2020). Women entrepreneurship in the developing country: The effects of financial and digital literacy on SMEs’ growth. Journal of Governance and Regulation, 9(4), 106–115. https://doi.org/10.22495/JGRV9I4ART9
Hair, J., & Alamer, A. (2022). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) in second language and education research: Guidelines using an applied example. Research Methods in Applied Linguistics, 1(3), 100027.
Hair Jr, J. F., Howard, M. C., & Nitzl, C. (2020). Assessing measurement model quality in PLS-SEM using confirmatory composite analysis. Journal of business research, 109, 101-110.
Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., & Ray, S. (2021). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using R: A workbook (p. 197). Springer Nature.
Hair, J. F., Matthews, L. M., Matthews, R. L., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). Updated guidelines on which method to use. International Journal of Multivariate Data Analysis, 1(2), 107.
Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European business review, 31(1), 2-24.
Hamdani, N. A., & Sari, I. (2023). Investigating the relationship between entrepreneurial knowledge and entrepreneurial interest: A survey on e-commerce entrepreneurs. International Journal of Business, Economics, and Social Development, 4(3), 132-138.
Handayani. (2020). Coronavirus Disease 2019. Indonesian Journal of Respirology. Vol. 40, No. 2, April 2020. Indonesian Lung Doctors Association
Abdelfattah, F., Al Halbusi, H. and Al-Brwani, R.M. (2022), “Influence of self perceived creativity and social media use in predicting E-entrepreneurial intention”, International Journal of Innovation Studies, Vol. 6 No. 3, pp. 119 127, doi: 10.1016/j.ijis.2022.04.003.
Abdelwahed, N. A. A., Soomro, B. A., Shah, N., & Saraih, U. N. (2023). Effect of institutional support and entrepreneurial knowledge on women’s entrepreneurial self-efficacy and venture performance in a developing country. International Journal of Innovation Science, 15(5), 776-798.
Abu Shriha, S., AL-Shboul, M. D. A., & Abaddi, S. (2024). The e-entrepreneurial intentions of Jordanian business students to start an online business in emerging economies: an application of planned behavior theory. Management & Sustainability: An Arab Review.
Abu Shriha, S., AL-Shboul, M. D. A., & Abaddi, S. (2025). The e-entrepreneurial intentions of Jordanian business students to start an online business in emerging economies: an application of planned behavior theory. Management & Sustainability: An Arab Review, 4(2), 237-267.
Adelia, A. L., & Sudarwanto, T. (2025). The Effect of Entrepreneurial Knowledge, Self Efficacy, and Family Environment on Entrepreneurial Interest in Vocational High School 2, Mojokerto City. Journal of Business Education (JPTN), 13(2), 27-38.
Afiat, M. N., & Rijal, S. (2023). Analysis of the use of e-commerce in improving entrepreneurial business competitiveness. Jurnal Minfo Polgan, 12(1), 468-479.
Alferaih, A. (2022). Starting a new business? Assessing university students’ intentions towards digital entrepreneurship in Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Information Management Data Insights, 2(2), 100087.
Alkhalaf, T., Durrah, O., Almohammad, D., & Ahmed, F. (2022). Can entrepreneurial knowledge boost the entrepreneurial intent of French students? The mediation role of behavioral antecedents. Management Research Review, 45(12), 1545-1571.
Al-Omoush, K. S. (2021). The role of top management support and organizational capabilities in achieving e-business entrepreneurship. Kybernetes, 50(5), 1163-1179.
Ahmad, N. L., Yusof, R., Ahmad, A. S., & Ismail, R. (2019). The importance of financial literacy towards entrepreneurship intention among university students. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 9(9), 18-39.https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v9-i9/6266
Ahmed, I., & Ishtiaq, S. (2021). Reliability and validity: importance in medical research. Methods, 12(1), 2401-2406.
Akhmad, K. A. (2021). The role of entrepreneurship education in overcoming poverty. Journal of Economics, Social & Humanities, 2(06), 173-181. Akinwumi, D. S., & Ibrahim, K. M. (2024). Skill Acquisition and Entrepreneurial Confidence Among Students of Kwara State University. Skyline Business Journal, 20(2).
Amelia, D., & Syukmayettil, L. (2021, May). The effect of business knowledge, business skill, self confidence and innovation on business performance of small and medium industry in the city of bukittinggi. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science (Vol. 747, No. 1, p. 012084). IOP Publishing.
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-efficacy: The exercise of control. Macmillan.
Bernardus, D., Murwani, F. D., Ardyan, E., Padmawidjaja, L., Aji, I. D. K., Jatiperwira, S. Y., ... & Hermanto, Y. B. (2020). Which psychological characteristics strengthen “The entrepreneurial intention-action relationship”?: An extension of the theory of planned behavior. Cogent Business & Management, 7(1), 1823579.
Bosnjak, M., Ajzen, I. and Schmidt, P. (2020), “The theory of planned behavior: selected recent advances and applications”, Europe’s Journal of Psychology, Vol. 16 No. 3, pp. 352-356, doi: 10. 5964/ejop.v16i3.3107.
Bae, T. J., Qian, S., Miao, C., & Fiet, J. O. (2014). The relationship between entrepreneurship education and entrepreneurial intentions: A meta-analytic review. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 38(2), 217–254.
Bastomi, M., Hermawan, A., & Handayati, P. (2023). The effect of digital literacy, e-commerce business trend, mobile payment, income expectations on intention in digital-based entrepreneurship. Ijafibs, 11(3), 688–698. www.ijafibs.pelnus.ac.id
Bhatti, M. A., A Al Doghan, M., Mat Saat, S. A., Juhari, A. S., & Alshagawi, M. (2021). Entrepreneurial intentions among women: does entrepreneurial training and education matter? (Pre-and post-evaluation of psychological attributes and its effects on entrepreneurial intention). Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development, 28(2), 167-184.
Cahyadi, N., S ST, M. M., Wenno, Y. H., Anwar, H. M., Laksono, R. D., Yap, R. A., ... & Hustianto Sudarwadi, S. E. (2024). Advanced Quantitative Methodology. Cendikia Mulia Mandiri.
Caputo, A., Nguyen, V. H. A., & Delladio, S. (2025). Risk-taking, knowledge, and mindset: unpacking the antecedents of entrepreneurial intention. International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, 21(1), 1-29.
Casteel, A., & Bridier, N. L. (2021). Describing populations and samples in doctoral student research. International journal of doctoral studies, 16(1).
Chen, C. C., & Tu, H. Y. (2021). The effect of digital game-based learning on learning motivation and performance under social cognitive theory and entrepreneurial thinking. Frontiers in psychology, 12, 750711.
Cheng, Y., Zheng, Y., Schiavone, F., & Escobar, O. R. (2024). Fantasy of success, fear of failure and entrepreneurial choice: The moderating role of business vibrancy and failure experience. International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research, 30(11), 331-359.
Costin, Y., O’Brien, M. P., & Hynes, B. (2022). Entrepreneurial education: Maker or breaker in developing students’ entrepreneurial confidence, aptitude and self-efficacy?. Industry and Higher Education, 36(3), 267-278.
Dewi, K. H. (2023). The Role of Digital Literacy and E-Commerce in Online Purchasing Decisions. Coopetition: Journal of Scientific Managementhttps://doi.org/10.32670/coopetition.v13i3.2939.
Dornadula, V. H. R., Siddiqui, K., Shashirekha, B., & Kumar, C. V. (2023). Impact of entrepreneurial education on school students’ startup initiation tendency: An empirical study. Journal of Informatics Education and Research, 3(2), 2478-2484.
Dos Santos, P. M., & Cirillo, M. Â. (2023). Construction of the average variance extracted index for construct validation in structural equation models with adaptive regressions. Communications in Statistics-Simulation and Computation, 52(4), 1639-1650.
Duong, C. D., & Vu, T. N. (2025). Entrepreneurial education and higher education students’ e-entrepreneurial intention: a moderated mediation model of generative AI incorporation and e-entrepreneurial self-efficacy. Higher Education, Skills and Work-based Learning, 1-25.
Enstroem, R., & Benson, L. (2024). Enterprise education in undergraduate business programs advances students' negotiating competence and self-confidence. Education+ Training, 66(1), 54-69.
Fauzi, M. A. (2022). Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modelling (PLS SEM) in Knowledge Management Studies: Knowledge Sharing in Virtual Communities. Knowledge Management & E-Learning, 14(1), 103-124.
Fauzi, F., Antoni, D., & Suwarni, E. (2020). Women entrepreneurship in the developing country: The effects of financial and digital literacy on SMEs’ growth. Journal of Governance and Regulation, 9(4), 106–115. https://doi.org/10.22495/JGRV9I4ART9
Hair, J., & Alamer, A. (2022). Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) in second language and education research: Guidelines using an applied example. Research Methods in Applied Linguistics, 1(3), 100027.
Hair Jr, J. F., Howard, M. C., & Nitzl, C. (2020). Assessing measurement model quality in PLS-SEM using confirmatory composite analysis. Journal of business research, 109, 101-110.
Hair Jr, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., Sarstedt, M., Danks, N. P., & Ray, S. (2021). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) using R: A workbook (p. 197). Springer Nature.
Hair, J. F., Matthews, L. M., Matthews, R. L., & Sarstedt, M. (2017). Updated guidelines on which method to use. International Journal of Multivariate Data Analysis, 1(2), 107.
Hair, J. F., Risher, J. J., Sarstedt, M., & Ringle, C. M. (2019). When to use and how to report the results of PLS-SEM. European business review, 31(1), 2-24.
Hamdani, N. A., & Sari, I. (2023). Investigating the relationship between entrepreneurial knowledge and entrepreneurial interest: A survey on e-commerce entrepreneurs. International Journal of Business, Economics, and Social Development, 4(3), 132-138.
Handayani. (2020). Coronavirus Disease 2019. Indonesian Journal of Respirology. Vol. 40, No. 2, April 2020. Indonesian Lung Doctors Association
Published
2025-10-19
How to Cite
Yusuf, Y., Cipto Wardoyo, & Ludi Wishnu Wardana. (2025). Self-Confidence And Digital Literacy Mediate: The Effect Of Entrepreneurial Knowledge On The Intention To Start An E-Business (A Study Of Vocational High School Students In Pasuruan). International Journal of Technology and Education Research, 3(04), 234-254. https://doi.org/10.63922/ijeter.v3i04.2394
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