The Effect of Problem Based Learning (PBL) Learning Model on Science Learning Outcomes at Grade V of State Elementary School 094126 Naga Dolok

Frendi Martuahman Damanik; Muktar Bahruddin Panjaitan; Theresia Monika Siahaan

doi:10.63922/ijeter.v4i02.3545

Frendi Martuahman Damanik Department of Elementary School Teacher Education Study, Universitas HKBP Nommensen Pematangsiantar, Indonesia
Muktar Bahruddin Panjaitan Department of Elementary School Teacher Education Study, Universitas HKBP Nommensen Pematangsiantar, Indonesia
Theresia Monika Siahaan Department of Elementary School Teacher Education Study, Universitas HKBP Nommensen Pematangsiantar, Indonesia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.63922/ijeter.v4i02.3545

Keywords: Problem Based Learning, IPAS Learning Outcomes, Elementary Education, Critical Thinking, Student Engagement

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the effect of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model on the IPAS learning outcomes of Grade V students at SD Negeri 094126 Naga Dolok. The background of this research was the low learning outcomes and limited student participation during the IPAS learning process, which were mainly caused by the use of conventional teacher-centered learning methods. Therefore, an innovative and student-centered learning model was needed to improve students’ understanding and engagement in learning. This study employed a quantitative approach using a pre-experimental design with the One Group Pretest-Posttest Design model. The population and sample consisted of all 28 Grade V students at SD Negeri 094126 Naga Dolok, selected using total sampling techniques. Data were collected through pretest and posttest instruments, while data analysis was conducted using a paired-sample t-test to determine the significance of differences before and after treatment. The results showed that the average pretest score was 68.52, indicating that students’ initial learning outcomes were still relatively low. After the implementation of the Problem Based Learning model, the average posttest score increased significantly to 90.26, and all students achieved the Minimum Completeness Criteria (KKM). The paired-sample t-test analysis revealed a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05, indicating a significant effect of the Problem Based Learning model on students’ learning outcomes. In conclusion, the Problem Based Learning model effectively improved the IPAS learning outcomes of Grade V students at SD Negeri 094126 Naga Dolok. In addition, the model enhanced students’ active participation, critical thinking, and collaborative learning skills during the learning process.

References

Arends, R. I. (2021). Learning to Teach (11th ed.). McGraw-Hill Education.
Arends, R. I., & Tan, O. S. (2020). Learning to Teach (11th ed.). Cengage Learning Asia.
Arikunto, S. (2020). Prosedur Penelitian: Suatu Pendekatan Praktik (Revisi). Rineka Cipta.
Bestiyana, A. (2024). PBL Menggunakan Media Wordwall terhadap Motivasi dan Hasil Belajar IPAS. Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Dasar, 9(1), 45–56.
Cahyati, S. S., Tukiyo, T., Saputra, N., Julyanthry, J., and Herman, H. (2022). How to Improve the Quality of Learning for Early Childhood? An Implementation of Education Management in the Industrial Revolution Era 4.0. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 6(5), 5437-5446. DOI: 10.31004/obsesi.v6i5.2979
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2020). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.
Dewi, F., & Hardiansyah, R. (2025). Pengaruh Pendekatan Kontekstual terhadap Hasil Belajar IPAS. Jurnal Pendidikan Ilmu Sosial Dan Alam, 7(2), 101–115.
Fatmawati, E., Saputra, N., Ngongo, M., Purba, R., and Herman, H. (2022). An Application of Multimodal Text-Based Literacy Activities in Enhancing Early Children’s Literacy. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 6(5), 5127-5134. DOI: 10.31004/obsesi.v6i5.278
Fauziah, L. (2024). Efektivitas Media PowerPoint dalam Model PBL terhadap Hasil Belajar IPAS. Jurnal Edukasi Sains SD, 5(1), 23–30.
Gaol, R. L., Manullang, E. B., Silalahi, A. E. L., Bondar, R. S., Lubis, J., and Herman, H. (2023). Analisis Penerapan Metode Bermain Peran Untuk Meningkatkan Toleransi Siswa dalam Pembelajaran IPS di SDN 116253 Lorong Sidodadi. Jurnal Pendidikan Tambusai, 7(1), 914-919
Hadiyanti, S. (2025). Model Inovatif dalam Kurikulum Merdeka. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 12(1), 12–22.
Joyce, B., Weil, M., & Calhoun, E. (2021). Models of Teaching (10th ed.). Pearson Education.
Lestari, D., Jamil, M., & Karmajaya, R. (2025). Penerapan PBL dalam Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar IPAS. Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar Nusantara, 9(1), 77–89.
Listianingrum, R. (2024). Model Pembelajaran Terpadu dalam Kurikulum Merdeka. Jurnal Inovasi Kurikulum, 15(1), 33–44.
Manalu, R. J., Tumanggor, E. J., Sidauruk, M. A. B., Sitorus, H. A., Damanik, G. T. I., and Herman, H. (2023). Pengaruh Penggunaan Model Pembelajaran Cooperative Script dalam Pelajaran Bahasa Indonesia Kelas V di SD Negeri 056915 Perumnas Batu 6 dalam Keterampilan Menyimak. Journal on Teacher Education, 4(3), 204-211. https://doi.org/10.31004/jote.v4i3.12245
Mintarsih, W. (2025). Tantangan Pembelajaran IPAS di Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar Indonesia, 8(2), 55–64.
Nadyah, I. (2025). Media Interaktif Canva pada Pembelajaran IPAS Menggunakan Model PBL. Jurnal Media Pembelajaran Inovatif, 10(1), 15–26.
Nasution, T., Afrianti, D., Tukiyo, Sulistyani, and Herman. (2022). Critical Discourse Analysis in the Classroom: A Critical Language Awareness on Early Children’s Critical Thinking. Jurnal Obsesi: Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 6(5), 4992-5002. DOI: 10.31004/obsesi.v6i5.2951
Permatasari, Y., Ramadhani, R., & Yusuf, A. (2025). Integrasi IPAS dalam Kurikulum Merdeka. Jurnal Kurikulum Dan Pembelajaran Dasar, 11(2), 120–132.
Pohan, M. A., Tanjung, R. A., & Restu, Y. (2024). Development of PBL-Based Multimedia to Improve Learning Outcomes. Indonesian Journal of Primary Education, 6(2), 88–97.
Pramesti, N. A. (2024). Pengembangan Media Wordwall Berbasis PBL pada IPAS. Jurnal Teknologi Pendidikan Dasar, 8(1), 50–60.
Pratiwi, S., & Hasanah, U. (2025). Hasil Belajar IPAS dan Keterampilan Reflektif Siswa. Jurnal Sains Terpadu SD, 7(2), 105–116.
Purba, N., Sipayung, R. W., Rahmawati, R., Siagian, B. A., Herman, H., Saragi, C. N., and Fatmawati, E. (2024). An Implementation of Project-Based Learning (PBL) Teaching Model in Improving Early Child's Critical Thinking Skill. Library Progress International, 44(3), 90-96. https://bpasjournals.com/library-science/index.php/journal/article/view/313
Purba, N., Wondal, R., Yuliantina, I., Sagala, A. C. D., Budiarti, E., Susanti, D., and Herman, H. (2026) Bringing Numbers to Life through Numeracy Literacy: Practical Use of E-Comic Media in Early Education. Studies in Media and Communication, 14(1), 15-25. https://doi.org/10.11114/smc.v14i1.7933
Raihan, H. (2025). Tujuan IPAS dalam Kurikulum Merdeka. Jurnal Pendidikan Sains Dan Sosial, 4(1), 91–103.
Ravitch, S. M., & Riggan, M. (2016). Reason & rigor: How conceptual frameworks guide research. Sage publications.
Safitri, N., Maulida, H., & Rasyid, A. (2025). Faktor-Faktor yang Mempengaruhi Hasil Belajar IPAS. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, 9(1), 40–52.
Santika, T. (2025). Karakteristik dan Penerapan PBL di Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Model Pembelajaran Inovatif, 6(1), 30–42.
Slavin, R. E. (2021). Educational Psychology: Theory and Practice (13th ed.). Pearson.
Sudjana, N. (2021). Penilaian Hasil Proses Belajar Mengajar. Remaja Rosdakarya.
Sugiyono. (2019). Metode Penelitian Pendidikan: Pendekatan Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Alfabeta.
Tan, O. S. (2020). Problem-Based Learning Innovation: Using Problems to Power Learning in the 21st Century. Cengage Learning Asia.
Ulia, R., Hamzah, H., & Karim, N. (2025). Pengaruh Faktor Internal dan Eksternal terhadap Hasil Belajar. Jurnal Evaluasi Pendidikan Dasar, 10(1), 70–83.
Wardani, Y., & Wati, L. (2024). Pengaruh PBL Berbasis Video terhadap Hasil Belajar IPAS. Jurnal Pembelajaran IPA SD, 5(2), 98–110.
Wibowo, T., & Cahaya, P. (2024). Penerapan PBL untuk Meningkatkan Hasil Belajar dan Keterampilan Berpikir Kritis. Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar Berbasis Riset, 8(1), 77–89.
Widuri, M. (2024). Implementasi Model Problem Based Learning dalam Pembelajaran IPAS. Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Dasar, 9(2), 45–60