The Development of Cybersecurity in Supporting Indonesia’s Digital Transformation
Keywords:
digital transformation, cybersecurity, Indonesia, BSSN, SPBE, INA Digital
Abstract
Indonesia’s digital transformation has accelerated from early e-government implementation toward integrated digital public services, while cybersecurity has evolved into a more institutionalized national capability. This study examines the trajectory of Indonesia’s digital transformation, the parallel development of cybersecurity capacity, and the extent to which both processes are aligned. Using qualitative document analysis supported by descriptive synthesis of policy documents, journal articles, and authoritative institutional reports, the study identifies four phases of digital transformation and a parallel strengthening of cybersecurity governance through BSSN and national cybersecurity policy. The findings show that policy-level alignment has improved, as reflected in SPBE development, the launch of INA Digital, and Indonesia’s improved standing in the Global Cybersecurity Index. However, operational resilience remains uneven, particularly in coordination, backup readiness, human resources, and incident response. The study concludes that cybersecurity should be treated as a structural enabler of digital transformation and that secure-by-design principles are needed to ensure sustainable digital governance in Indonesia.
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ERIA. (2023). Accelerating digital transformation in Indonesia: Technology, market, and policy.
Frinaldi, et al. (2024). Digital transformation of government administration: Analysis of efficiency, transparency, and challenges in Indonesia.
Government of Indonesia. (2018). Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 95 Tahun 2018 tentang Sistem Pemerintahan Berbasis Elektronik.
Government of Indonesia. (2023). Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 82 Tahun 2023 tentang Percepatan Transformasi Digital dan Keterpaduan Layanan Digital Nasional.
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Gusman, et al. (2024). Development of the Indonesian government’s digital transformation.
Hafid, M. (2025). Remarks on Indonesia’s GCI ranking improvement.
Hakim, A. (2025). Understanding Indonesia’s cyber security policies: Opportunities and challenges in the digitalization transformation era.
Haryanto, A., & Sutra, S. M. (2023). Upaya peningkatan keamanan siber Indonesia oleh Badan Siber dan Sandi Negara (BSSN) tahun 2017–2020. Global Political Studies Journal, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.34010/gpsjournal.v7i1.8141
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International Telecommunication Union. (2024). Global cybersecurity index 2024.
Khoirunnisa, & Jubaidi. (2024). Indonesia’s cyber security strategy: Countering the threats of cybercrime and cyberterrorism.
Meliala, B. N. (2024). Indonesia cybersecurity policy toward data and privacy protection: Literature review study. International Journal of Research and Applied Technology, 4(2), 354–361. https://ojs.unikom.ac.id/index.php/injuratech/article/view/19664
MENPANRB. (2024, September 20). Indonesia naik 13 peringkat pada UN E-Government Survey 2024.
Rahmawati, et al. (2025). Keamanan siber: Respon strategis Indonesia terhadap eskalasi ancaman digital.
Statbase. (2026). Global cybersecurity index | Indonesia (2020–2024).
Sudarmadi, D. A., & Runturambi, A. J. S. (2019). Strategi Badan Siber dan Sandi Negara (BSSN) dalam menghadapi ancaman siber di Indonesia. Jurnal Kajian Stratejik Ketahanan Nasional, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.7454/jkskn.v2i2.10028
United Nations. (2024). UN e-government survey 2024.
Zainudin, et al. (2025). Digital ID policy in support of digital transformation in Indonesia.
Aji, M. P. (2025). Cybersecurity politics in building cyber sovereignty in Indonesia. Society.
Angelica, L., Soenarto, N. A., & Salsabila, N. (2024). Trajectory of digital transformation policy in Indonesia from 2003 to 2024: Analysis of trends and policy contents. Proceedings of the Indonesian Association for Public Administration (IAPA).
Baharuddin Kasim, B., Ferriswara, D., & Haryati, E. (2025). Digital transformation in public services: A literature review on bureaucratic innovation and adaptation in the era of digital government. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity.
Chotimah, H. C. (2019). Tata kelola keamanan siber dan diplomasi siber Indonesia di bawah kelembagaan Badan Siber dan Sandi Negara. Politica, 10(2), 163–180.
Economic Research Institute for ASEAN and East Asia (ERIA). (2023). Accelerating digital transformation in Indonesia: Technology, market, and policy.
Frinaldi, A., et al. (2024). Digital transformation of government administration: Analysis of efficiency, transparency, and challenges in Indonesia. Proceedings of the Indonesian Association for Public Administration (IAPA).
Government of Indonesia. (2018). Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 95 Tahun 2018 tentang Sistem Pemerintahan Berbasis Elektronik.
Government of Indonesia. (2023). Peraturan Presiden Republik Indonesia Nomor 82 Tahun 2023 tentang Percepatan Transformasi Digital dan Keterpaduan Layanan Digital Nasional.
Government of Indonesia. (2024a, May 27). President Jokowi launches INA Digital to transform public services. Sekretariat Kabinet Republik Indonesia.
Government of Indonesia. (2024b). SPBE Summit 2024: Materials and announcements. Ministry of Administrative and Bureaucratic Reform.
Gusman, S. W., et al. (2024). Development of the Indonesian government’s digital transformation. Dinasti International Journal of Education Management and Social Science.
Hafid, M. (2025). Remarks on Indonesia’s Global Cybersecurity Index ranking improvement. Ministry of Communication and Digital.
Hakim, A. (2025). Understanding Indonesia’s cyber security policies: Opportunities and challenges in the digitalization transformation era. Journal of Law and Social Policy.
Hamda, A. R., & Wahyudi, R. (2025). Literasi digital: Cyber security sebagai fondasi ketahanan nasional di era transformasi digital. Literasiana: Jurnal Kajian Literasi dan Edukasi.
Haryanto, A., & Sutra, S. M. (2023). Upaya peningkatan keamanan siber Indonesia oleh Badan Siber dan Sandi Negara (BSSN) tahun 2017–2020. Global Political Studies Journal, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.34010/gpsjournal.v7i1.8141
Indonesia Baik. (2024). Luncurkan Govtech INA Digital, apa tuh? https://indonesiabaik.id
International Telecommunication Union. (2024). Global Cybersecurity Index 2024. Geneva: ITU.
Khoirunnisa, I., & Jubaidi, R. (2024). Indonesia’s cyber security strategy: Countering the threats of cybercrime and cyberterrorism. International Journal of Security Studies.
Meliala, B. N. (2024). Indonesia cybersecurity policy toward data and privacy protection: Literature review study. International Journal of Research and Applied Technology, 4(2), 354–361. https://ojs.unikom.ac.id/index.php/injuratech/article/view/19664
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Rahmawati, R., Bintang Semesta, B. F., & colleagues. (2025). Keamanan siber: Respon strategis Indonesia terhadap eskalasi ancaman digital. Triwikrama: Jurnal Multidisiplin Ilmu Sosial.
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Statbase. (2026). Global Cybersecurity Index | Indonesia (2020–2024). https://statbase.org
Sudarmadi, D. A., & Runturambi, A. J. S. (2019). Strategi Badan Siber dan Sandi Negara (BSSN) dalam menghadapi ancaman siber di Indonesia. Jurnal Kajian Stratejik Ketahanan Nasional, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.7454/jkskn.v2i2.10028
Syafarudin, S., & Abd Haris. (2025). Digital transformation in public services: A study of e government implementation in Indonesia. International Journal of Law and Society, 2(4), 169–179. https://doi.org/10.62951/ijls.v2i4.797
United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs (UN DESA). (2024). United Nations E Government Survey 2024. New York, NY: UN DESA.
Zainudin, A., et al. (2025). Digital ID policy in support of digital transformation in Indonesia. Jurnal Bina Praja.
Published
2026-08-15
How to Cite
Pratomo, H., Aulia Khamas H, & Rudy A.G. Gultom. (2026). The Development of Cybersecurity in Supporting Indonesia’s Digital Transformation. International Journal of Technology and Education Research, 4(03), 857-870. https://doi.org/10.63922/ijeter.v4i03.5887
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