Social Rehabilitation of Children Through Basic Needs Services in Social Services Department, DKI Jakarta Province
Keywords:
social policy, social services, child social rehabilitation, human needs, residential care
Abstract
This study aims to describe the efforts and challenges of social rehabilitation services for children through basic needs fulfillment programs in the Special Capital Region of Jakarta, Indonesia. A qualitative approach with a descriptive research design was employed to provide a detailed and contextual understanding of the phenomenon. A total of 14 informants were selected using purposive sampling based on Neuman (2014), consisting of policymakers, social rehabilitation practitioners (foster parents, social workers, psychologists), and service recipients (institutionalized children and care leavers). The findings reveal that social rehabilitation efforts include: (1) capacity-building services for children through physical guidance, psychosocial support, spiritual guidance, life skills training, and self-actualization support; (2) services to fulfill children's rights such as basic needs provision, accessibility services, caregiving, social advocacy, and family tracing; (3) pre-termination guidance including career development and support for higher education; (4) institutional strengthening through child protection policies, multidisciplinary approaches, human resource management, and institutional standards; and (5) termination processes such as family reunification and referrals to other care institutions. These efforts have successfully met the goals of social rehabilitation as outlined by Wallace (2023), enabling children to reintegrate and participate in education, employment, and social roles within their families and communities.
References
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Midgley, J. (1995). Social Development. SAGE Publications.
Mwoma, T., & Pillay, J. (2015). Psychosocial support for orphans and vulnerable children in public primary schools: Challenges and intervention strategies. South African Journal of Education, 35. https://doi.org/10.15700/saje.v35n3a1092
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Rahmadiana, F. (2019). Pemenuhan emotional warmth dalam pelaksanaan Pengasuhan oleh pengasuh dan kontribusinya untuk mencapai kesejahteraan anak: Studi deskriptif pada panti asuhan muslimin, Jakarta Pusat. Universitas Indonesia.
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UU No. 11 tahun 2009 tentang Kesejahteraan Sosial.
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Wallace, S. J., Barnett, A., Cheng, B. B., & Lowe, J. (2023). What is ‘successful rehabilitation’? A multi-stakeholder nominal group technique study to inform rehabilitation outcome measurement. SAGE Journals, 37(9). https://doi.org/10.1177/02692155231157181
World Health Organization. (2020). Rehabilitation Competency Framework.
Zastrow, C. (2017). Introduction to Social Work and Social Welfare: Empowering People (12e ed.). CENGAGE Learning.
Babbie, E. (2013). The Practice of Social Research (13 ed.). Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi DKI Jakarta. (2024). Jumlah Penduduk Menurut Kelompok Umur dan Jenis Kelamin.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The Ecology of Human Development: Experiments by Nature and Design. HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS.
Bronfenbrenner, U., & Morris, P. A. (2006). The Bioecological Model of Human Development in W. Damon & R.M Lerner (Eds.) Handbook of Child Psychology (6th ed., Vol. 1). Wiley.
Brooks, J. B. (2006). The Process of Parenting. McGraw-Hill Higher Education.
Butler, I., & Roberts, G. (2004). Social Work with Children and Families: Getting into Practice (2 ed.). Jessica Kingsley Publishers.
Coppola, F. (2018). Valuing Emotions in Punishment: An Argument for Social Rehabilitation with the Aid of Social and Affective Neuroscience. Springer Nature B.V, 18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12152-018-9393-4
Cutrona, C. E., Cole, V., Colangelo, N., Assouline, S. G., & Russell, D. W. (1994). Perceived Parental Social Support and Academic Achievement: An Attachment Theory Perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66, No. 2, 369–378. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.66.2.369
Davies, D. (2004). Child Development: Practitioner’s Guide. The Guildford Press.
Edwards III, G. C. (1980). Implementing Public Policy. Congressional Quarterly Press.
Equivalen, A. (2018). Resosialisasi Anak Jalanan di Panti Sosial: Studi Kasus Panti Sosial Asuhan Anak Putra Utama 4, Jakarta Barat. Universitas Negeri Jakarta.
Erikson, E. H. (1977). Childhood and Society. Paladin Grafton Books.
Febrianti, P. (2014). Pelayanan Kesejahteraan Sosial terhadap Anak Terlantar di Panti Sosial Asuhan Anak (PSAA) Putra Utama 03 Tebet Jakarta Selatan. UIN Syarif Hidayatullah.
Fickiansyah, N. (2016). Evaluasi Proses Tahapan Pelaksanaan Rehabilitasi Sosial bagi Anak Terlantar di Panti Sosial Aushan Anak Putra Utama 1 Klender. UIN Syarif Hidayatullah.
Firdawati, F. (2017). Analisis Pemenuhan Kebutuhan Dasar Anak Penyandang Disabilitas di Panti Sosial Asuhan Anak Balita Tunas Bangsa 01 Cipayung Jakarta Timur. UIN Syarif Hidayatullah.
Garner, G. (2008). Careers in Social Rehabilitation Services (3 ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Gitterman, A. (2001). Handbook of Social Work Practice with Vulnerable and Resilient Populations (2 ed.). Columbia University Press.
Ife, J. (2009). Human Rights From Below: Achieving Rights Through Community Development. Cambridge University Press. www.cambridge.org/9780521711081
Imelda Pratiwi & Hartosujono Hartosujono. (2014). Resiliensi pada Penyandang Tuna Daksa Non Bawaan. Jurnal Spirits, 5(1), 48–54. https://doi.org/10.30738/spirits.v5i1.1057
Ishartono, & Raharjo, S. (2016). Perspektif Kekuatan dalam Pekerjaan Sosial. EMPATI : Jurnal Ilmu Kesejahteraan Sosial, 05. https://doi.org/10.15408/empati.v5i1.9772
Iskandar, J. (2013). Supervisi Pekerjaan Sosial. Puspaga Bandung.
Jagannathan, A., Joseph, M., Achukatla, S., J. Meera, Roy, A., Jothibalan, A., & Jayarajan, D. (2021). Recreatiuon for Psychosocial Rehabilitation for Client with Mental Health Disorders: A Retropective Review. Springer Nature India. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40737-021-00247-3
KalderaNews. (2020). Data DTKS Sebut 90% Anak Panti Asuhan Masih Memiliki Orang Tua. Edunews Headline. https://www.kalderanews.com/2020/12/data-dtks-90-anak-panti-asuhan-masih-memiliki-orang-tua/
Kalil, A. (2003). Family Resilience and Good Child Outcomes.
Kataja, K., Lantela, P., & Romakkaniemi, M. (2022). Dimensions of Social Rehabilitation: A Qualitative Interpretive Meta-Synthesis. Journal of Social Work, 22(I), 109–129. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468017320979544
Kementerian Sosial Republik Indonesia. (2020). Komitmen Kemensos Bantu Anak-anak di Kondisi COVID-19 Melalui Progresa. https://kemensos.go.id/komitmen-kemensos-bantu-anak-anak-di-kondisi-covid-19-melalui-progresa
Kirst-Ashman, K. K. (2009). Introduction to Social Work & Social Welfare: Critical Thinking Perspectives (3rd ed.).
Kompas.TV. (2024, Mei). Dinas Sosial Jakarta Amankan 2.070 Gelandangan, Gepeng, dan Lainnya selama Januari-April 2024.
Konvensi Hak Anak (1989).
Krefting, L. (1991). Rigor in Qualitative Research: The Assessment of Trustworthiness. http://ajot.aota.orgon06/28/2021
M. Arifurrahman. (2022). Konsep Mencapai Kebahagiaan ; Studi Komparatif Piramida Kebutuhan Abraham Maslow & Piramida Ma’rifah Imam Junaid Al-Baghdadi. Universitas Indonesia.
Mallon, G. P., & Hess, P. M. (2005). Child Welfare for the Twenty-First Century: A Handbook of Practice, Policies, and Programs. Columbia University Press. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.7312/mall13072
Maslow, A. H. (1954). Motivation and Personality. Harper & Row.
Merlindha, A. (2015). Upaya Rehabilitasi Sosial dalam Penanganan Gelandangan dan Pengemis di Provinsi DKI Jakarta (Studi Deskriptif pada Panti Sosial Bina Insani Bangun Daya 2 Cipayung). Universitas Indonesia.
Midgley, J. (1995). Social Development. SAGE Publications.
Mwoma, T., & Pillay, J. (2015). Psychosocial support for orphans and vulnerable children in public primary schools: Challenges and intervention strategies. South African Journal of Education, 35. https://doi.org/10.15700/saje.v35n3a1092
Neuman, W. L. (2014). Social Research Methods: Qualitative and Quantitative Approaches (7 ed.). Pearson Education Limited. www.pearson.co.uk
Nurfitri, F. (2022). Evaluasi Pelaksanaan Bimbingan Psikososial terhadap Anak Keluarga Retak (Broken Home) di Panti Sosial Asuhan Anak (PSAA) Putra Utama 2 Plumpang Jakarta Utara. UIN Syarif Hidayatullah.
Payne, M. (2014). Teori Pekerjaan Sosial Modern (4 ed.). Building Professional Social Work Indonesia.
Peraturan Gubernur No. 57 tahun 2022 tentang Organisasi dan Tata Kerja Perangkat Daerah Provinsi DKI Jakarta.
Peraturan Menteri Sosial No. 09 tahun 2018 tentang Standar Teknis Pelayanan Dasar pada Standar Pelayanan Minimal Bidang Sosial di Daerah Provinsi dan Kab/Kota.
Peraturan Menteri Sosial No. 16 tahun 2019 tentang Standar Nasional Rehabilitasi Sosial.
Petr, C. G. (2003). Social Work With Children and Their Families (Second Edition). Oxford University Press.
Rahmadiana, F. (2019). Pemenuhan emotional warmth dalam pelaksanaan Pengasuhan oleh pengasuh dan kontribusinya untuk mencapai kesejahteraan anak: Studi deskriptif pada panti asuhan muslimin, Jakarta Pusat. Universitas Indonesia.
Reder, P., Duncan, S., & Lucey, C. (2003). Studies in the Assessment of Parenting (1 ed.). Routledge.
Reivich, K., & Shatte, A. (2002). The Resilience Factor (7 Keys to Finding Your Inner Strength and Overcoming Life’s Hurdles (1 ed.). Three Rivers Press. www.threeriverspress.com
Santrock, J. W. (2012). Psikologi Pendidikan. Salemba Humanika.
Septiana, N. (2021). Pendekatan Psikoedukasi dalam Upaya Perubahan Perilaku pada Anak Jalanan di PSBR Taruna Jaya 2 [Skripsi]. UIN Syarif Hidayatullah.
Setiawan, H. (2018). Reintegrasi: Praktek Pekerjaan Sosial dengan Anak yang Berkonflik dengan Hukum (1 ed.). Deepublish Publisher.
Simanjuntak, I. (2013). Pelayanan Sosial Berbasis Keluarga Bagi Anak Asuh oleh Yayasan Sos Children’s Village Medan. Welfare State, 2(4).
Suharto, E. (2011). Kebijakan Sosial Sebagai Kebijakan Publik. Alfabeta.
Tamaro, A., Rusmana, A., & Hakim, M. Z. (2020). Self Esteem Anak Asuh di Panti Sosial Asuhan Anak Putra Utama 3 Jakarta Selatan. PEKSOS : Jurnal Ilmiah Pekerjaan Sosial, 19.
Undang-Undang No. 35 tahun 2014 tentang Perubahan Atas Undang-Undang No. 23 tahun 2002 tentang Perlindungan Anak (2014).
Ungar, M. (2005). A Thicker Description of Resilience. The International Journal of Narrative Therapy and Community Work. www.dulwichcenter.com.au
Unicef. (2020). Situasi Anak di Indonesia.
UNICEF. (2024a). 2024 Global Outlook: Prospects for Children Cooperation in A Fragmented World.
UNICEF. (2024b). Nearly 60,000 children in Central Asia are growing up in residential care. https://www.unicef.org/kazakhstan/en/press-releases/nearly-60000-children-central-asia-are-growing-residential-care
UU No. 11 tahun 2009 tentang Kesejahteraan Sosial.
Vavrova, S. (2015). Children and Minors in Institutiinal Care: Research of Self-Regulation. Elsevier Ltd., Self-Regulation; Institutional Care; Children and Minors, 8. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.265
Waititalong, G. S. (2021). Studi Kasus Proses Terbentuknya Perilaku Seksual Berisiko Pada Remaja di Panti Sosial Asuhan Anak X Jakarta Timur. Universitas Indonesia.
Wallace, S. J., Barnett, A., Cheng, B. B., & Lowe, J. (2023). What is ‘successful rehabilitation’? A multi-stakeholder nominal group technique study to inform rehabilitation outcome measurement. SAGE Journals, 37(9). https://doi.org/10.1177/02692155231157181
World Health Organization. (2020). Rehabilitation Competency Framework.
Zastrow, C. (2017). Introduction to Social Work and Social Welfare: Empowering People (12e ed.). CENGAGE Learning.
Published
2025-06-05
How to Cite
Arifin, A. W., & Fentiny Nugroho. (2025). Social Rehabilitation of Children Through Basic Needs Services in Social Services Department, DKI Jakarta Province. International Journal of Education, Vocational and Social Science , 4(03), 104-144. https://doi.org/10.63922/ijevss.v4i03.1907
Contact Person +6282139474255
Email : ijevss@citakonsultindo.or.id / editor.ijevss@gmail.com
