Jerome S. Bruner Cognitive Development Theory
Keywords:
Cognitive development, discovery learning, cognitive representation, spiral curriculum.
Abstract
Jerome S. Bruner’s theory of cognitive development views learners as active builders of their own understanding. He argues that learning is a personal process, deeply influenced by social interaction, hands-on experience, and language. Central to his ideas are discovery learning, the spiral curriculum, and the three modes of knowledge representation—enactive, iconic, and symbolic. According to Bruner, education should encourage students to explore, discover, and reflect for themselves. His approach remains highly relevant today, aligning with the 21st-century emphasis on critical thinking, creativity, and independent learning.
References
Bruner, J. S. (1956). A Study of Thinking. New York: Wiley.
Bruner, J. S. (1960). The Process of Education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Bruner, J. S. (1966). Toward a Theory of Instruction. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Bruner, J. S. (1990). Acts of Meaning. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Bruner, J. S. (1996). The Culture of Education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Schunk, D. H. (2012). Learning Theories: An Educational Perspective. Boston: Pearson Education.
Slavin, R. E. (2018). Educational Psychology: Theory and Practice. Boston: Pearson.
Woolfolk, A. (2020). Educational Psychology. New York: Pearson.
Santrock, J. W. (2019). Educational Psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Dahar, R. W. (2011). Teori-Teori Belajar. Jakarta: Erlangga.
Sagala, S. (2019). Konsep dan Makna Pembelajaran. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Suparno, P. (2013). Filsafat Konstruktivisme dalam Pendidikan. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
Miarso, Y. (2018). Menyiapkan Pembelajaran Abad 21. Jakarta: Prenadamedia Group.
Yusuf, S. (2020). Psikologi Perkembangan Anak dan Remaja. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya.
Bruner, J. S. (1960). The Process of Education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Bruner, J. S. (1966). Toward a Theory of Instruction. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Bruner, J. S. (1990). Acts of Meaning. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Bruner, J. S. (1996). The Culture of Education. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Schunk, D. H. (2012). Learning Theories: An Educational Perspective. Boston: Pearson Education.
Slavin, R. E. (2018). Educational Psychology: Theory and Practice. Boston: Pearson.
Woolfolk, A. (2020). Educational Psychology. New York: Pearson.
Santrock, J. W. (2019). Educational Psychology. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Dahar, R. W. (2011). Teori-Teori Belajar. Jakarta: Erlangga.
Sagala, S. (2019). Konsep dan Makna Pembelajaran. Bandung: Alfabeta.
Suparno, P. (2013). Filsafat Konstruktivisme dalam Pendidikan. Yogyakarta: Kanisius.
Miarso, Y. (2018). Menyiapkan Pembelajaran Abad 21. Jakarta: Prenadamedia Group.
Yusuf, S. (2020). Psikologi Perkembangan Anak dan Remaja. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya.
Published
2025-11-12
How to Cite
Dewa Ayu Juli Damayanti, Agus Dita Saputra, I Wayan Darmika Yana, & Basilius Redan Werang. (2025). Jerome S. Bruner Cognitive Development Theory. International Journal of Education, Vocational and Social Science , 4(04), 793-799. https://doi.org/10.63922/ijevss.v4i04.2481
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