Understanding Teachers’ OCB Beyond Religious Commitment

Desi Puspitosari; Sri Setyaningsih; Lina Novita

doi:10.63922/ijevss.v5i01.2708

Desi Puspitosari Universitas Pakuan, Bogor, Indonesia
Sri Setyaningsih Universitas Pakuan, Bogor, Indonesia
Lina Novita Universitas Pakuan, Bogor, Indonesia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.63922/ijevss.v5i01.2708

Keywords: Organizational Citizenship Behavior, religious commitment, transformational leadership, work motivation,

Abstract

This study examines teachers’ Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) beyond religious commitment among civil servant teachers in State Islamic Junior High Schools (MTsN) in West, East, and South Jakarta. OCB is conceptualized as discretionary behavior that goes beyond formal job requirements and contributes to school effectiveness and sustainability. The study aims to analyze the extent to which religious commitment influences teachers’ OCB and to identify the role of other organizational factors, particularly helping behavior, transformational leadership, and work motivation. A mixed-methods approach with a sequential exploratory design was employed using the Modeling and Optimization of Human Resource Strengthening (POP-SDM) framework. The qualitative phase involved in-depth interviews, while the quantitative phase included 220 civil servant teachers and was analyzed using Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The findings reveal that religious commitment has a positive effect on teachers’ OCB but does not serve as the dominant predictor. Transformational leadership emerged as the most influential determinant of OCB, followed by work motivation and helping behavior. These results indicate that teachers’ extra-role behavior in public Islamic schools cannot be explained solely by personal religiosity, but rather requires supportive organizational and leadership contexts. This study contributes to organizational behavior theory by challenging the assumption that religiosity alone drives OCB in faith-based public institutions and offers practical implications for leadership development and human resource management in Islamic education.

References

Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational leadership (2nd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Colquitt, J. A., LePine, J. A., Piccolo, R. F., Zapata, C. P., & Rich, B. L. (2021). Explaining the justice–performance relationship: Trust as exchange deepener or trust as uncertainty reducer? Journal of Applied Psychology, 97(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0025208
Creswell, J. W., & Plano Clark, V. L. (2018). Designing and conducting mixed methods research (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
DiPaola, M. F., & Tschannen-Moran, M. (2001). Organizational citizenship behavior in schools and its relationship to school climate. Journal of School Leadership, 11(5), 424–447. https://doi.org/10.1177/105268460101100503
Giacalone, R. A., & Jurkiewicz, C. L. (2003). Toward a science of workplace spirituality. In R. A. Giacalone & C. L. Jurkiewicz (Eds.), Handbook of workplace spirituality and organizational performance (pp. 3–28). Armonk, NY: M.E. Sharpe.
Hair, J. F., Hult, G. T. M., Ringle, C. M., & Sarstedt, M. (2021). A primer on partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) (3rd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE Publications.
Karakas, F. (2010). Spirituality and performance in organizations: A literature review. Journal of Business Ethics, 94(1), 89–106. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0251-5
King, J. E., & Williamson, I. O. (2005). Workplace religious expression, religiosity and job satisfaction: Clarifying a relationship. Journal of Management, Spirituality & Religion, 2(2), 173–198. https://doi.org/10.1080/14766080509518579
Kutcher, E. J., Bragger, J. D., Rodriguez-Srednicki, O., & Masco, J. L. (2010). The role of religiosity in stress, job attitudes, and organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Business Ethics, 95(2), 319–337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-009-0362-z
Nurhayati, S., Supriyanto, A., & Sultoni, S. (2020). The effect of leadership and job satisfaction on teachers’ organizational citizenship behavior. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 11(8), 457–470.
Organ, D. W. (1988). Organizational citizenship behavior: The good soldier syndrome. Lexington, MA: Lexington Books.
Pandey, A., Gupta, R. K., & Arora, A. P. (2018). Spiritual climate of business organizations and its impact on customers’ experience. Journal of Business Ethics, 148(1), 197–215. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-015-3003-4
Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Paine, J. B., & Bachrach, D. G. (2000). Organizational citizenship behaviors: A critical review of the theoretical and empirical literature and suggestions for future research. Journal of Management, 26(3), 513–563. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920630002600307
Rego, A., & Cunha, M. P. (2008). Workplace spirituality and organizational commitment: An empirical study. Journal of Organizational Change Management, 21(1), 53–75. https://doi.org/10.1108/09534810810847039
Somech, A., & Drach-Zahavy, A. (2000). Understanding extra-role behavior in schools: The relationships between job satisfaction, sense of efficacy, and teachers’ extra-role behavior. Teaching and Teacher Education, 16(5–6), 649–659. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0742-051X(00)00012-3
Sunaryo, W., Setyaningsih, S., & Hardhienata, S. (2020). Modeling and optimization of human resource strengthening (POP-SDM): An empirical approach. International Journal of Innovation, Creativity and Change, 12(5), 345–362.
Suyanto, & Jihad, A. (2013). Menjadi guru profesional: Strategi meningkatkan kualifikasi dan kualitas guru di era global. Jakarta: Erlangga.
Worthington, E. L., Wade, N. G., Hight, T. L., Ripley, J. S., McCullough, M. E., Berry, J. W., … O’Connor, L. (2003). The religious commitment inventory—10: Development, refinement, and validation of a brief scale for research and counseling. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 50(1), 84–96. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.50.1.84