Legal Protection for Wives and Children Through the Legality of Itsbat Nikah at the Soasio Religious Court of  Tidore Kepulauan City

Julaiha Husni; Abdul Haris Abbas; Marini Abd. Djalal

doi:10.63922/ijevss.v5i02.3400

Julaiha Husni State Islamic Institute Of Ternate, North Maluku Indonesia
Abdul Haris Abbas State Islamic Institute Of Ternate, North Maluku Indonesia
Marini Abd. Djalal State Islamic Institute Of Ternate, North Maluku Indonesia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.63922/ijevss.v5i02.3400

Keywords: Itsbat Nikah; Legal Protection; Unregistered Marriage; Religious Court; Wives and Children Rights

Abstract

This study examines legal protection for wives and children through the legality of itsbat nikah (marriage legalization) at the Soasio Religious Court (Pengadilan Agama Soasio), Tidore Kepulauan City, North Maluku, Indonesia. The phenomenon of unregistered marriages (nikah siri) persists due to geographic constraints, limited legal awareness, and socio-economic factors, leaving wives and children without formal legal protection. Using an empirical legal research methodology, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with judges, court registrars, and petitioners, supplemented by documentary analysis of 200 court decisions from 2020 to 2024. Findings reveal that administrative needs for children's documentation were the primary motivation (38.4%), followed by civil registration requirements (28%) and educational needs (14.5%). Judges base their decisions on three considerations: fulfillment of Islamic marriage pillars (rukun nikah), compliance with positive law, and the principle of maslahah guided by the fiqh maxim 'dar'ul mafasid muqaddam ala jalbil mashalih'. The legalization of marriage through itsbat nikah produces significant legal effects: granting wives rights to alimony, inheritance, and legal protection, while legitimizing children's civil status and enabling access to birth certificates, education, and public services. The study concludes that itsbat nikah serves as a critical legal instrument integrating Islamic law with Indonesia's national legal system, and recommends expansion of mobile court services (sidang keliling) and intensified legal literacy campaigns in remote areas.

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