Consumerism As An Ecological Threat: A Study Of Qur’anic Verses On Environmental Conservation

Abstract

The environmental crisis confronting the modern world is becoming more severe, with one of its major drivers being the rise of excessive consumer-oriented lifestyles. From an Islamic viewpoint, such behavior reflects the notion of isrāf (wastefulness), which is explicitly discouraged and morally condemned in the Qur’an. This research seeks to explore the link between consumerism and environmental damage through a thematic interpretation (tafsir maudhū‘ī) of Qur’anic verses related to isrāf and fasād (corruption or destruction). The study employs a qualitative approach based on literature review, analyzing relevant Qur’anic texts alongside interpretations from both classical and contemporary scholars. The results indicate that a consumptive lifestyle represents a form of isrāf that significantly contributes to fasād, particularly in the form of ecological degradation. As a response, Islamic ecological ethics propose three foundational principles: tawḥīd (recognition of Allah’s absolute ownership of nature), mīzān (the principle of balance), and khalīfah (the human role as caretaker of the earth). Together, these principles establish a normative basis for fostering a lifestyle that is balanced, responsible, and in harmony with divine guidance. This study highlights the importance of integrating Qur’anic values as a framework for addressing contemporary environmental challenges.