Collaboration Between Principals, Teachers, and Parents in Building Impactful Schools: A Phenomenological Study at SMK Negeri 1 Lhoknga
Keywords:
Collaborative Leadership, Community Partnership, Educational Management, Parental Involvement, Vocational Education
Abstract
This research is motivated by the importance of collaboration between principals, teachers, and parents in building schools that have an impact on vocational education. The research aims to describe the implementation of management functions, forms of partnership and communication, and the dynamics of collaboration in supporting the achievement of BMW graduates (Work, Continuing Education, and Entrepreneurship) at SMK Negeri 1 Lhoknga. The research uses a qualitative approach with a phenomenological method. The research population includes principals, teachers, and parents, while participants are determined through purposive sampling based on direct involvement in educational collaboration. The main research instrument is the researcher with data collection techniques in the form of in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis uses the interactive model of Miles and Huberman through data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that collaboration is built through the implementation of participatory management functions, internal and external partnerships based on trust, and formal and informal communication supported by Acehnese cultural values such as duek pakat and meuseuraya. This study concludes that partnership-based collaboration, open communication, and local wisdom can form an impactful school ecosystem that supports graduates' readiness to work, continue their education, and become entrepreneurs.
References
Alfansyur, A., & Mariyani, M. (2020). The art of managing data: Application of triangulation of techniques, sources, and time in social education research. Historis: Journal of Studies, Research, and Development of History Education, 5(2), 146–150.
Amalia, F., et al. (2024). The role of parents in children's education: Building effective collaboration with schools. MARAS: Multidisciplinary Research Journal.https://doi.org/10.60126/maras.v2i4.593
Arifudin, O. (2021). Strategic management theory and implementation.
Aryani, RM, & Haryadi, R. (2023). Principals' implementation of collaborative leadership to improve learning quality. EduFisika: Journal of Physics Education, 8(1), 6–15.https://doi.org/10.59052/edufisika.v8i1.24602
Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational leadership (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Blank, R., Smits-Engelsman, BOUWIEN, Polatajko, H., & Wilson, P. (2012). European Academy for Childhood Disability (EACD): Recommendations on the definition, diagnosis and intervention of developmental coordination disorder (long version). Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 54(1), 54.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1994). Ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Harvard University Press.
Bryk, A.S., Sebring, P.B., Allensworth, E., Luppescu, S., & Easton, J.Q. (2010). Organizing schools for improvement: Lessons from Chicago. University of Chicago Press.
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. SAGE Publications.
Dillenbourg, P. (1999). What do you mean by collaborative learning? In P. Dillenbourg (Ed.), Collaborative learning: Cognitive and computational approaches (pp. 1–19). Elsevier.
DuFour, R., & DuFour, R. (2010). The role of professional learning communities in advancing 21st century skills. In 21st century skills: Rethinking how students learn (pp. 77–95).
Emzir. (2021). Qualitative research methodology: Data analysis. Rajawali Pers.
Epstein, J. L. (2011). School, family, and community partnerships: Preparing educators and improving schools (2nd ed.). Westview Press.
Fadya, SR, et al. (2024). School and industry collaboration: Preparing students for the world of work. Indonesian Education Star Journal, 2(3), 158–166.https://doi.org/10.55606/jubpi.v2i3.3076
Fatimah. (2025). [Incomplete references in the original text].
Fisher, R., Ury, W., & Patton, B. (2011). Getting to yes: Negotiating agreements without giving in (3rd ed.). Penguin Books.
Fullan, M. (2016). The new meaning of educational change (5th ed.). Teachers College Press.
Habermas, J. (1984). The theory of communicative action: Reason and the rationalization of society (Vol. 1). Beacon Press.
Handoko, TH (2016). Management (2nd Edition). BPFE.
Hoover-Dempsey, K. V., & Sandler, H. M. (1997). Why do parents become involved in their children's education? Review of Educational Research, 67(1), 3–42.
Husserl, E. (1970). The crisis of European sciences and transcendental phenomenology: An introduction to phenomenological philosophy (D. Carr, Trans.). Northwestern University Press. (Original work published 1954)
Irwan et al. (2023). Collaboration between schools and parents to improve student learning processes. Journal of Islamic Education Management.https://doi.org/10.24256/kelola.v8i1.3556
Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology. (2023). Guidelines for implementing the Independent Curriculum for secondary education units. Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology.
Khoirotin, et al. (2025). Educational collaboration: Teacher and parent strategies in improving early childhood language skills. Asghar: Journal of Children Studies.https://doi.org/10.28918/asghar.v5i2.11483
Kusuma, I., & Yusuf, S. (2022). Competitive strategies to create superior madrasahs (Study at MTs Negeri 2 Ponorogo). Excelencia Journal of Islamic Education & Management, 2(2), 99–110.https://doi.org/10.21154/excelencia.v2i02.1207
Lellya, I. (2025). The role of the principal's visionary leadership in the implementation of modern educational management. JIP: Journal of Educational Sciences, 3(5).
Lincoln, Y.S., & Guba, E.G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. SAGE Publications.
Lisnawati, R. (2017). Principal management functions, motivation, and teacher performance. Journal of Education: Theory and Practice, 2(2), 143–149.
Mayer, R. C., Davis, J. H., & Schoorman, F. D. (1995). An integrative model of organizational trust. Academy of Management Review, 20(3), 709–734.https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1995.9508080335
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
Moleong, LJ (2021). Qualitative research methodology (Revised edition). PT Remaja Rosdakarya.
Moustakas, C. (1994). Phenomenological research methods. SAGE Publications.
Nasution, AH, Madelta, C., & Lubis, SKS (2025). Operationalization of management functions and management elements in educational institutions. Fatih: Journal of Contemporary Research, 2(1), 468–477.
Ni'mah, U., et al. (2023). Implementation of school-parent collaboration in instilling Pancasila student character profiles. Journal of Basic Education.https://doi.org/10.47453/edubase.v4i2.1102
Regulation of the Minister of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia Number 75 of 2016 concerning School Committees.
Presidential Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 68 of 2022 concerning the Revitalization of Vocational Education and Vocational Training.
Pratama, RY (2020). “POAC” management functions. General Achmad Yani University, 2(4), 76–78.
Pratiwi, NK (2017). The influence of education level, parental attention, and student learning interest on the Indonesian language learning achievement of health vocational school students in Tangerang City. Pujangga: Journal of Language and Literature, 1(2), 31.
Proff, M. J. (2025). Lessons learned for leaders: Implications for parent–school communication in post-pandemic learning environments. Frontiers in Education.https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2025.1496319
Putnam, R.D. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. Simon & Schuster.
Putra, AB, et al. (2024). Principal management in improving the quality of human resources at Madani Integrated Islamic Junior High School. Jurnal Educatio: Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia.
Putri, A., Syahriza, A., & Windasari, W. (2024). The influence of recruitment management of teaching and administrative staff in improving the quality management of learning at At-Taqwa Integrated Islamic Middle School. PTK, 1(3), 10.https://doi.org/10.47134/ptk.v1i3.491
Rahman, FS, Febriani, A., Annisak, F., Sabina, I., & Ananda, P. (2024). School and industry collaboration: Preparing students for the world of work. Indonesian Education Star Journal, 2(3), 158–166.
Ratnawati, DR (2016). The contribution of character education and family environment to the soft skills of vocational high school students. Tadris: Journal of Teacher Training and Education, 1(1), 23–32.
Robbins, S. P., & Coulter, M. (2018). Management (14th ed.). Pearson.
Sagala, S. (2017). Strategic management in improving the quality of education. Alfabeta.
Safitri, RF, et al. (2024). School and industry collaboration: Preparing students for the world of work. Indonesian Education Star Journal, 2(3), 158–166.https://doi.org/10.55606/jubpi.v2i3.3076
Sallis, E. (2014). Total quality management in education (3rd ed.). Routledge.
Schön, D. A. (1983). The reflective practitioner: How professionals think in action. Basic Books.
Senge, P. M. (1990). The fifth discipline: The art and practice of the learning organization. Doubleday.
Sergiovanni, T. J. (2001). The principalship: A reflective practice perspective. Allyn and Bacon.
Setyowati, S., Fanggidae, LW, Nainggolan, FMR, Vitrianto, PN, & Sari, IK (2023). Understanding phenomenology, ethnography, case studies, and combined methods in the world of research methods. CV. DOTPLUS Publisher.
Simamora, R., Hayati, R., Abni, A., Asmendri, A., & Sari, M. (2023). Development of a school-parent partnership model in senior high schools. SCHOULID: Indonesian Journal of School Counseling, 8(1), 10–24.
Slater, L. (2004). Collaboration: A framework for school improvement. International Electronic Journal for Leadership in Learning, 8(5).
Spillane, J. P., & Camburn, E. (2006). The practice of leading and managing: The distribution of responsibility for leadership and management in the schoolhouse. American Educational Research Association, 22(1), 1–38.
Sudaryono. (2021). Educational research methodology. Kencana.
Sudirman. (2025). Collaborative leadership and student achievement: Developing a school environment to encourage academic excellence. Pijar Pelita: Journal of Early Childhood Education and Early Childhood Islamic Education, 1(2).
Sugiyono. (2021). Qualitative research methods (3rd ed.). Alfabeta.
Sukoco, JB, Kurniawati, NI, Werdani, RE, & Windriya, A. (2019). Understanding vocational education at the higher education level for the community. Journal of Vocational Service, 1(1), 23–26.
Sungkowo, SB (2023). The power of collaborative systems in improving the quality of vocational education at SMK Negeri 4 Yogyakarta. Core.ac.uk, 1(1).
Suryanto, IW, Astuti, NMEO, Prastyandhari, IGAIM, Sentosa, IPP (2024). Reference book on the dual role of teachers: As educators and parents in the digital era. Uwais Inspirasi Indonesia.
Sutikno, Y., Hosan, H., & Irawati, I. (2022). The role of school principals in improving the quality of education. Maitreyawira Journal, 3(1), 1–7.
Syafaruddin, & Asrul. (2015). Contemporary educational leadership. Citapustaka Media.
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 20 of 2003 concerning the National Education System.
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Harvard University Press.
Wahjosumidjo. (2010). Principal leadership: A theoretical review and its problems. Raja Grafindo Persada.
Zahria, I. (2024). Participatory communication of school principals in developing collaboration with communities and stakeholders. Communicator: Journal of Communication.https://doi.org/10.59373/comm.v1i1.71
Zhang, S., & Wu, H. (2025). School leadership, parental involvement, and student achievement: A comparative analysis of principal and teacher perspectives. Educational Sciences, 15(6).https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15060767
Amalia, F., et al. (2024). The role of parents in children's education: Building effective collaboration with schools. MARAS: Multidisciplinary Research Journal.https://doi.org/10.60126/maras.v2i4.593
Arifudin, O. (2021). Strategic management theory and implementation.
Aryani, RM, & Haryadi, R. (2023). Principals' implementation of collaborative leadership to improve learning quality. EduFisika: Journal of Physics Education, 8(1), 6–15.https://doi.org/10.59052/edufisika.v8i1.24602
Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational leadership (2nd ed.). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Blank, R., Smits-Engelsman, BOUWIEN, Polatajko, H., & Wilson, P. (2012). European Academy for Childhood Disability (EACD): Recommendations on the definition, diagnosis and intervention of developmental coordination disorder (long version). Developmental Medicine and Child Neurology, 54(1), 54.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1994). Ecology of human development: Experiments by nature and design. Harvard University Press.
Bryk, A.S., Sebring, P.B., Allensworth, E., Luppescu, S., & Easton, J.Q. (2010). Organizing schools for improvement: Lessons from Chicago. University of Chicago Press.
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. SAGE Publications.
Dillenbourg, P. (1999). What do you mean by collaborative learning? In P. Dillenbourg (Ed.), Collaborative learning: Cognitive and computational approaches (pp. 1–19). Elsevier.
DuFour, R., & DuFour, R. (2010). The role of professional learning communities in advancing 21st century skills. In 21st century skills: Rethinking how students learn (pp. 77–95).
Emzir. (2021). Qualitative research methodology: Data analysis. Rajawali Pers.
Epstein, J. L. (2011). School, family, and community partnerships: Preparing educators and improving schools (2nd ed.). Westview Press.
Fadya, SR, et al. (2024). School and industry collaboration: Preparing students for the world of work. Indonesian Education Star Journal, 2(3), 158–166.https://doi.org/10.55606/jubpi.v2i3.3076
Fatimah. (2025). [Incomplete references in the original text].
Fisher, R., Ury, W., & Patton, B. (2011). Getting to yes: Negotiating agreements without giving in (3rd ed.). Penguin Books.
Fullan, M. (2016). The new meaning of educational change (5th ed.). Teachers College Press.
Habermas, J. (1984). The theory of communicative action: Reason and the rationalization of society (Vol. 1). Beacon Press.
Handoko, TH (2016). Management (2nd Edition). BPFE.
Hoover-Dempsey, K. V., & Sandler, H. M. (1997). Why do parents become involved in their children's education? Review of Educational Research, 67(1), 3–42.
Husserl, E. (1970). The crisis of European sciences and transcendental phenomenology: An introduction to phenomenological philosophy (D. Carr, Trans.). Northwestern University Press. (Original work published 1954)
Irwan et al. (2023). Collaboration between schools and parents to improve student learning processes. Journal of Islamic Education Management.https://doi.org/10.24256/kelola.v8i1.3556
Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology. (2023). Guidelines for implementing the Independent Curriculum for secondary education units. Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology.
Khoirotin, et al. (2025). Educational collaboration: Teacher and parent strategies in improving early childhood language skills. Asghar: Journal of Children Studies.https://doi.org/10.28918/asghar.v5i2.11483
Kusuma, I., & Yusuf, S. (2022). Competitive strategies to create superior madrasahs (Study at MTs Negeri 2 Ponorogo). Excelencia Journal of Islamic Education & Management, 2(2), 99–110.https://doi.org/10.21154/excelencia.v2i02.1207
Lellya, I. (2025). The role of the principal's visionary leadership in the implementation of modern educational management. JIP: Journal of Educational Sciences, 3(5).
Lincoln, Y.S., & Guba, E.G. (1985). Naturalistic inquiry. SAGE Publications.
Lisnawati, R. (2017). Principal management functions, motivation, and teacher performance. Journal of Education: Theory and Practice, 2(2), 143–149.
Mayer, R. C., Davis, J. H., & Schoorman, F. D. (1995). An integrative model of organizational trust. Academy of Management Review, 20(3), 709–734.https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.1995.9508080335
Miles, M. B., Huberman, A. M., & Saldaña, J. (2014). Qualitative data analysis: A methods sourcebook (3rd ed.). SAGE Publications.
Moleong, LJ (2021). Qualitative research methodology (Revised edition). PT Remaja Rosdakarya.
Moustakas, C. (1994). Phenomenological research methods. SAGE Publications.
Nasution, AH, Madelta, C., & Lubis, SKS (2025). Operationalization of management functions and management elements in educational institutions. Fatih: Journal of Contemporary Research, 2(1), 468–477.
Ni'mah, U., et al. (2023). Implementation of school-parent collaboration in instilling Pancasila student character profiles. Journal of Basic Education.https://doi.org/10.47453/edubase.v4i2.1102
Regulation of the Minister of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia Number 75 of 2016 concerning School Committees.
Presidential Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 68 of 2022 concerning the Revitalization of Vocational Education and Vocational Training.
Pratama, RY (2020). “POAC” management functions. General Achmad Yani University, 2(4), 76–78.
Pratiwi, NK (2017). The influence of education level, parental attention, and student learning interest on the Indonesian language learning achievement of health vocational school students in Tangerang City. Pujangga: Journal of Language and Literature, 1(2), 31.
Proff, M. J. (2025). Lessons learned for leaders: Implications for parent–school communication in post-pandemic learning environments. Frontiers in Education.https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2025.1496319
Putnam, R.D. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. Simon & Schuster.
Putra, AB, et al. (2024). Principal management in improving the quality of human resources at Madani Integrated Islamic Junior High School. Jurnal Educatio: Jurnal Pendidikan Indonesia.
Putri, A., Syahriza, A., & Windasari, W. (2024). The influence of recruitment management of teaching and administrative staff in improving the quality management of learning at At-Taqwa Integrated Islamic Middle School. PTK, 1(3), 10.https://doi.org/10.47134/ptk.v1i3.491
Rahman, FS, Febriani, A., Annisak, F., Sabina, I., & Ananda, P. (2024). School and industry collaboration: Preparing students for the world of work. Indonesian Education Star Journal, 2(3), 158–166.
Ratnawati, DR (2016). The contribution of character education and family environment to the soft skills of vocational high school students. Tadris: Journal of Teacher Training and Education, 1(1), 23–32.
Robbins, S. P., & Coulter, M. (2018). Management (14th ed.). Pearson.
Sagala, S. (2017). Strategic management in improving the quality of education. Alfabeta.
Safitri, RF, et al. (2024). School and industry collaboration: Preparing students for the world of work. Indonesian Education Star Journal, 2(3), 158–166.https://doi.org/10.55606/jubpi.v2i3.3076
Sallis, E. (2014). Total quality management in education (3rd ed.). Routledge.
Schön, D. A. (1983). The reflective practitioner: How professionals think in action. Basic Books.
Senge, P. M. (1990). The fifth discipline: The art and practice of the learning organization. Doubleday.
Sergiovanni, T. J. (2001). The principalship: A reflective practice perspective. Allyn and Bacon.
Setyowati, S., Fanggidae, LW, Nainggolan, FMR, Vitrianto, PN, & Sari, IK (2023). Understanding phenomenology, ethnography, case studies, and combined methods in the world of research methods. CV. DOTPLUS Publisher.
Simamora, R., Hayati, R., Abni, A., Asmendri, A., & Sari, M. (2023). Development of a school-parent partnership model in senior high schools. SCHOULID: Indonesian Journal of School Counseling, 8(1), 10–24.
Slater, L. (2004). Collaboration: A framework for school improvement. International Electronic Journal for Leadership in Learning, 8(5).
Spillane, J. P., & Camburn, E. (2006). The practice of leading and managing: The distribution of responsibility for leadership and management in the schoolhouse. American Educational Research Association, 22(1), 1–38.
Sudaryono. (2021). Educational research methodology. Kencana.
Sudirman. (2025). Collaborative leadership and student achievement: Developing a school environment to encourage academic excellence. Pijar Pelita: Journal of Early Childhood Education and Early Childhood Islamic Education, 1(2).
Sugiyono. (2021). Qualitative research methods (3rd ed.). Alfabeta.
Sukoco, JB, Kurniawati, NI, Werdani, RE, & Windriya, A. (2019). Understanding vocational education at the higher education level for the community. Journal of Vocational Service, 1(1), 23–26.
Sungkowo, SB (2023). The power of collaborative systems in improving the quality of vocational education at SMK Negeri 4 Yogyakarta. Core.ac.uk, 1(1).
Suryanto, IW, Astuti, NMEO, Prastyandhari, IGAIM, Sentosa, IPP (2024). Reference book on the dual role of teachers: As educators and parents in the digital era. Uwais Inspirasi Indonesia.
Sutikno, Y., Hosan, H., & Irawati, I. (2022). The role of school principals in improving the quality of education. Maitreyawira Journal, 3(1), 1–7.
Syafaruddin, & Asrul. (2015). Contemporary educational leadership. Citapustaka Media.
Law of the Republic of Indonesia Number 20 of 2003 concerning the National Education System.
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: The development of higher psychological processes. Harvard University Press.
Wahjosumidjo. (2010). Principal leadership: A theoretical review and its problems. Raja Grafindo Persada.
Zahria, I. (2024). Participatory communication of school principals in developing collaboration with communities and stakeholders. Communicator: Journal of Communication.https://doi.org/10.59373/comm.v1i1.71
Zhang, S., & Wu, H. (2025). School leadership, parental involvement, and student achievement: A comparative analysis of principal and teacher perspectives. Educational Sciences, 15(6).https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci15060767
Published
2026-05-21
How to Cite
Anita, Widyatmike Gede Mulawarman, Akhmad, Laili Komariah, Lambang Subagyo, & Usfandi Haryaka. (2026). Collaboration Between Principals, Teachers, and Parents in Building Impactful Schools: A Phenomenological Study at SMK Negeri 1 Lhoknga. International Journal of Education, Vocational and Social Science , 5(02), 1396-2419. https://doi.org/10.63922/ijevss.v5i02.3538
Contact Person +6282139474255
Email : ijevss@citakonsultindo.or.id / editor.ijevss@gmail.com
