Students’ Tawassuth Attitudes in Prayer Fiqh Learning: Preliminary Study for Islamic Religious Education E-Module Development
Keywords:
Tawassuth attitude; prayer fiqh learning; Islamic Religious Education; e-module development; Problem-Based Learning
Abstract
This study aims to analyze students’ tawassuth attitudes in prayer fiqh learning as a preliminary study for developing an Islamic Religious Education (PAI) e-module. The research employed a descriptive quantitative approach using a survey method. Data were collected through a tawassuth attitude questionnaire consisting of 25 statements covering four indicators: fair and balanced attitudes, respect for differences of opinion, non-extremism in religious understanding, and tolerance toward differences in prayer fiqh practices. The participants were students of MAN 21 Jakarta. The findings revealed that students generally demonstrated good tawassuth attitudes, with the average responses in the Agree and Strongly Agree categories reaching approximately 82%. The indicator of fair and balanced attitudes obtained the highest score (approximately 83%), followed by tolerance toward differences in prayer practices (approximately 81%), non-extremism in religion (approximately 78%), and respect for differences of opinion (approximately 77%). Nevertheless, an average gap of about 10.25% remained compared with the expected ideal condition, particularly in maintaining consistency in moderate attitudes when facing real differences in religious practices. These findings indicate that tawassuth values have been relatively well internalized among students; however, further reinforcement is still needed through contextual and student-centered learning approaches. Therefore, the development of a Problem-Based Learning (PBL)-based Islamic Religious Education e-module is recommended to strengthen students’ tawassuth attitudes in understanding and responding to differences in prayer fiqh in a moderate, balanced, and tolerant manner
References
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Amin, K. A. (2025). Project-Based Learning as a Tool to Enhance Students Critical Thinking Skills in Islamic Religious Education. JIES: Journal of Integrated Educational Studies, 1(1), 29–55.
Andriani, N., & Dwiningsih, K. (2024). Development of An Interactive E-Module Based on Blended Learning to Enhance Student Independence and Learning Outcomes. Jurnal Kependidikan: Jurnal Hasil Penelitian Dan Kajian Kepustakaan Di Bidang Pendidikan, Pengajaran Dan Pembelajaran, 10(2), 792. https://doi.org/10.33394/jk.v10i2.11733
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Asril, Z., Syafril, S., Engkizar, E., & Arifin, Z. (2023). Advancing educational practices: Implementation and impact of virtual reality in islamic religious education. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 9(2), 199–210.
Demirel Ucan, A., & Wright, A. (2019). Improving the pedagogy of Islamic religious education through an application of critical religious education, variation theory and the learning study model. British Journal of Religious Education, 41(2), 202–217. https://doi.org/10.1080/01416200.2018.1484695
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Hamidah, A., Hawalya, H., & Sanjaya, M. E. (2024). Effectiveness of Integrated Interactive Problem Based Learning E-Modules in Improving Critical Thinking Abilities. Jurnal Paedagogy, 11(4), 788. https://doi.org/10.33394/jp.v11i4.12939
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Husna, U., & Thohir, M. (2020). Religious moderation as a new approach to learning Islamic religious education in schools. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 14(1), 199–222.
Jafar, I. (2025). Internalization of Religious Moderation Values through Islamic Religious Education Learning. International Journal of Islamic Education Studies, 1(1), 1–14.
Kurniawati, D., Hidayah, R., & Anita, A. (2025). Improving Understanding of Fiqh of Worship through Practice at State Junior High School 2 Kotabumi. JISEI: Journal of Islamic Studies and Educational Innovation, 1(1), 10–21. https://doi.org/10.61094/jisei.v1i1.47
Lahelma, E. (2004). Tolerance and Understanding? Students and Teachers Reflect on Differences at School. Educational Research and Evaluation, 10(1), 3–19. https://doi.org/10.1076/edre.10.1.3.26297
Masturin, M. (2023). Development of Islamic Religious Education Materials Based on Religious Moderation in Forming Student Character. Munaddhomah: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 3(4), 246–355. https://doi.org/10.31538/munaddhomah.v3i4.310
Muddatstsir, K. (2025). ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS EDUCATION CURRICULUM DESIGN THAT IS RESPONSIVE TO ISSUES GLOBAL: INTEGRATION OF RELIGIOUS MODERATION VALUES AND DIGITAL LITERACY IN THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATION. Mereunoe: Education Journal, 1(1), 26–36.
Mufi, A. M., Elhady, A., UIN Kiai Haji Ahmad Siddiq, Jember, Mursalim, M., & UIN Kiai Haji Ahmad Siddiq, Jember. (2023). Section Articles Internalization of Religious Moderation Values: Active Tolerance and Social Harmony in Education in Indonesia. El-Tarbawi, 16(1), 1–32. https://doi.org/10.20885/tarbawi.vol16.iss1.art1
Muis, A. (2026). Incorporating religious moderation values into the Islamic religious education curriculum in secondary education: A systematic review of goals, experiences, methods, and evaluation. British Journal of Religious Education, 48(2), 248–262. https://doi.org/10.1080/01416200.2025.2598619
Mukhlis, M., Sabda, S., Yaqin, H., & Hamdan, H. (2026). Reorientation of Islamic Religious Education in the Global Era in Facing the Challenges of Globalization, Multiculturalism, and Radicalism. AL GHAZALI: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pemikiran Islam, 6(1), 170–200.
Muzahab Badar Ar, F. M. (2025). Fiqh Instruction as a Model for Religious Character Education in Islamic Senior High Schools. Al-Tadzkiyyah: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 16(2), 547–562. https://doi.org/10.24042/atjpi.v16i2.29713
Nemetz, P. L., & Christensen, S. L. (1996). The challenge of cultural diversity: Harnessing a diversity of views to understand multiculturalism. Academy of Management Review, 21(2), 434–462.
Nisa, I. H., Rahmawati, D., & Komalasari, D. T. (2025). Building Tolerant Minds: Strategies for Integrating Religious Moderation in Schools. QuranicEdu: Journal of Islamic Education, 5(2), 158–176.
Niskaromah, Abdullah, A. C., & Amalia, P. (2025). The Effectiveness of Islamic Religious Education in Shaping the Religious Character of Elementary School Students. Zabags International Journal of Education, 3(1), 41–51. https://doi.org/10.61233/zijed.v3i1.27
Nurbayani, N., & Amiruddin, A. (2024). Teacher Strategies in Implementing Religious Moderation Values in Islamic Educational Institutions. Al-Hayat: Journal of Islamic Education, 8(2), 778–787.
Nurdi, H. (2026). The Concept of Tawassuṭ and Religious Moderation in the Perspective of the Qur’an and Hadith: Principles of Balance, Justice, and the Rejection of Extremism. AL GHAZALI: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pemikiran Islam, 6(1), 222–244. https://doi.org/10.69900/ag.v6i1.522
Qotadah, H. A. (2020). Covid-19: Prayers performance of medical team without ablution and tayammum based on four Madhab Fiqh. SALAM J Sos Dan Budaya Syar-i, 7(8), 855–874.
Rahmadhani, O. D., Juwita, & Mukmin. (2025). The Implementation of Islamic Religious Education Learning Methods Oriented Towards the Development of Religious Moderation Attitudes. Journal of Research in Islamic Education, 7(2), 925–938. https://doi.org/10.25217/jrie.v7i2.6954
Rayani, S., Amini, N. R., & Tanjung, E. F. (2024). Optimizing the Communication Skills of Islamic Education Teachers to Strengthen Students’ Congregational Prayer Habits. Education and Human Development Journal, 9(2), 153–162. https://doi.org/10.33086/ehdj.v9i3.6379
Rizki, A. (2025). Problem-Based Learning Strategy in Improving Students’ Religious Understanding in Islamic Religious Education Subjects. Jurnal Profesionalisme Guru, 2(1), 197–205.
Robinson, J. (2023). Likert Scale. In F. Maggino (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research (pp. 3917–3918). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17299-1_1654
Rukayah, S., Sajdah, M., & Himawati, R. (2025). Strengthening Religious Moderation through Learning Media Innovation in High Schools. JISEI: Journal of Islamic Studies and Educational Innovation, 1(2), 239–255. https://doi.org/10.61094/jisei.v1i2.58
Salmon, G. (2003). E-moderating: The key to teaching and learning online. Psychology press.
Santosa, E. B. (2024). Analysis of the Need for Problem-Based Learning E-Modules to Enhance High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Among High School Students. 1(01), 630–649.
Sapitri, V., Nurudin, M., Prasetyo, M. A., Qordowi, M. Y., Putra, M. H., & Azizah, N. (2025). The Relationship between Flexible and Adaptive Behaviour Ability and Students’ Tolerance Attitude: A Correlational Approach. Action Research Journal Indonesia (ARJI), 7(2). https://doi.org/10.61227/arji.v7i2.414
Saputra, R., & Wahyuni, S. (2026). Religious Moderation from the Perspective of Islamic Law and Its Application in Education. Islamic Studies and Education Journal, 2(1), 1–14.
Sasway, H. M., & Kelly, A. M. (2021). Instructional Behaviors Affecting Student Attitudes Towards Science. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 45(6), 385–402. https://doi.org/10.1080/10668926.2020.1719937
Schwarz, B. B., & Asterhan, C. S. (2011). E-Moderation of Synchronous Discussions in Educational Settings: A Nascent Practice. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 20(3), 395–442. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508406.2011.553257
Suhayib, & Ansyari, M. F. (2023). Design of Islamic Religious Education: Purposes, alignment of curriculum components and contexts. British Journal of Religious Education, 45(4), 382–393. https://doi.org/10.1080/01416200.2023.2220940
Sulaiman, B., & Yusuf, M. S. (2023). Religious Moderation In An Islamic Perspective: A Review of Islamic Education. Edukasi Islami: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 12(04).
Susanti, R., & Nukman, M. (2024). Emotional Intelligence in Islamic Religious Education Learning: Approach, Implementation, and Impact on Student Character Development. Journal of Education and Computer Applications, 1(2), 21–27. https://doi.org/10.69693/jeca.v1i2.16
Syahriani, F., & Jannah, N. Z. (2025). Integration of Islamic Education in Strengthening Students’ Values of Moderation in Modern Society. Modern Islamic Studies and Sharia Research, 1(2), 177–195.
Syahrudin, S., & Gunawan, A. (2025). Innovation in Islamic Education Curriculum Based on Religious Moderation in a Multicultural Society. JISEI: Journal of Islamic Studies and Educational Innovation, 1(4), 428–440. https://doi.org/10.61094/jisei.v1i4.3
Syihabuddin, M. A., & Nafiuddin, M. (2023). Actualization of Moderate Islamic Values In Madrasah. Journal of Education and Religious Studies, 3(02), 60–67. https://doi.org/10.57060/jers.v3i02.105
Timotheou, S., Miliou, O., Dimitriadis, Y., Sobrino, S. V., Giannoutsou, N., Cachia, R., Monés, A. M., & Ioannou, A. (2023). Impacts of digital technologies on education and factors influencing schools’ digital capacity and transformation: A literature review. Education and Information Technologies, 28(6), 6695–6726. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11431-8
Umi, N. H., Retnowati, R., & Istiadi, Y. (2025). Design and development of a problem-based learning (PBL) e-module in environmental education for enhancing pro-environmental behaviour. Indonesian Journal of Applied Environmental Studies, 6(1), 34–40. https://doi.org/10.33751/injast.v6i1.26
Utama, A. H. & Qomario. (2026). Developing a Project-Based Hyper-Content E-Module to Support Students’ Self-Regulated Learning in Higher Education. Jurnal Komunikasi Pendidikan, 10(1), 23–38. https://doi.org/10.32585/jurnalkomdik.v10i1.7271
Voronchenko, T., Klimenko, T., & Kostina, I. (2015). Learning to Live in a Global World: Project-Based Learning in Multicultural Student Groups as a Pedagogy of Tolerance Strategy. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 191, 1489–1495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.472
Adeoye, M. A., Putra, H. R., Nafiu, H., & Sulaimon, J. T. (2025). Digital learning and religious moderation: An educational management perspective. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan, 28(2), 205–223.
Agus Purwanto, I Nyoman Jampel, Ketut Agustini, I Gde Wawan Sudatha, & Gusti Putu Arya Arimbawa. (2025). Effects of Project-Based Blended Learning with E-Modules on Creative Thinking and Social Attitudes Moderated by Digital Literacy. Pegem Journal of Education and Instruction, 15(4), 3154–3184.
Al Ghifari, F. H., Alias, M. F. B., Sobri, M., & Rahman, I. (2025). Integration of Religious Moderation Values in Fiqh Learning.
Ali, S. S. (2019). Problem based learning: A student-centered approach. English Language Teaching, 12(5), 73–78.
Amelia Rizki. (2025). Problem-Based Learning Strategy in Improving Students’ Religious Understanding in Islamic Religious Education Subjects. Jurnal Profesionalisme Guru, 2(1), 197–205.
Amin, K. A. (2025). Project-Based Learning as a Tool to Enhance Students Critical Thinking Skills in Islamic Religious Education. JIES: Journal of Integrated Educational Studies, 1(1), 29–55.
Andriani, N., & Dwiningsih, K. (2024). Development of An Interactive E-Module Based on Blended Learning to Enhance Student Independence and Learning Outcomes. Jurnal Kependidikan: Jurnal Hasil Penelitian Dan Kajian Kepustakaan Di Bidang Pendidikan, Pengajaran Dan Pembelajaran, 10(2), 792. https://doi.org/10.33394/jk.v10i2.11733
Arif, M., & Abd Aziz, M. K. N. (2023). Islamic religious education learning model in the 21st century: Systematic literature review. Indonesian Journal of Islamic Education Studies (IJIES), 6(2), 237–262.
Asril, Z., Syafril, S., Engkizar, E., & Arifin, Z. (2023). Advancing educational practices: Implementation and impact of virtual reality in islamic religious education. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 9(2), 199–210.
Demirel Ucan, A., & Wright, A. (2019). Improving the pedagogy of Islamic religious education through an application of critical religious education, variation theory and the learning study model. British Journal of Religious Education, 41(2), 202–217. https://doi.org/10.1080/01416200.2018.1484695
Fasyiransyah, Warsah, I., & Istan, M. (2025). Islamic Religious Education Learning Approach Based on Religious Moderation. Al-Hayat: Journal of Islamic Education, 9(1), 181–199. https://doi.org/10.35723/ajie.v9i1.45
Fathunnajih, Sumiarti, Rizki Kurniati, Nur Hamidah, & Akhmad Syahbudi. (2025). Integration of Religious Moderation into the Indonesian Islamic Religious Education Curriculum: Literature Review. SOSIOEDUKASI : JURNAL ILMIAH ILMU PENDIDIKAN DAN SOSIAL, 14(1), 209–216. https://doi.org/10.36526/sosioedukasi.v14i1.5302
Gay, G., & Kirkland, K. (2003). Developing Cultural Critical Consciousness and Self-Reflection in Preservice Teacher Education. Theory Into Practice, 42(3), 181–187. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15430421tip4203_3
Hamidah, A., Hawalya, H., & Sanjaya, M. E. (2024). Effectiveness of Integrated Interactive Problem Based Learning E-Modules in Improving Critical Thinking Abilities. Jurnal Paedagogy, 11(4), 788. https://doi.org/10.33394/jp.v11i4.12939
Hidayatulloh, M. S., Syah, F. A. F., & Soylu, D. (2025). Prayer Practices of International Students at Islamic University of Indonesia: A Comparative Madhhab Study. Potret Pemikiran, 29(1), 92–113.
Husain, S., Ayoub, N. P., & Hassmann, M. (2024). Legal pluralism in contemporary societies: Dynamics of interaction between islamic law and secular civil law. SYARIAT: Akhwal Syaksiyah, Jinayah, Siyasah and Muamalah, 1(1), 1–17.
Husna, U., & Thohir, M. (2020). Religious moderation as a new approach to learning Islamic religious education in schools. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 14(1), 199–222.
Jafar, I. (2025). Internalization of Religious Moderation Values through Islamic Religious Education Learning. International Journal of Islamic Education Studies, 1(1), 1–14.
Kurniawati, D., Hidayah, R., & Anita, A. (2025). Improving Understanding of Fiqh of Worship through Practice at State Junior High School 2 Kotabumi. JISEI: Journal of Islamic Studies and Educational Innovation, 1(1), 10–21. https://doi.org/10.61094/jisei.v1i1.47
Lahelma, E. (2004). Tolerance and Understanding? Students and Teachers Reflect on Differences at School. Educational Research and Evaluation, 10(1), 3–19. https://doi.org/10.1076/edre.10.1.3.26297
Masturin, M. (2023). Development of Islamic Religious Education Materials Based on Religious Moderation in Forming Student Character. Munaddhomah: Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Islam, 3(4), 246–355. https://doi.org/10.31538/munaddhomah.v3i4.310
Muddatstsir, K. (2025). ISLAMIC RELIGIOUS EDUCATION CURRICULUM DESIGN THAT IS RESPONSIVE TO ISSUES GLOBAL: INTEGRATION OF RELIGIOUS MODERATION VALUES AND DIGITAL LITERACY IN THE ERA OF GLOBALIZATION. Mereunoe: Education Journal, 1(1), 26–36.
Mufi, A. M., Elhady, A., UIN Kiai Haji Ahmad Siddiq, Jember, Mursalim, M., & UIN Kiai Haji Ahmad Siddiq, Jember. (2023). Section Articles Internalization of Religious Moderation Values: Active Tolerance and Social Harmony in Education in Indonesia. El-Tarbawi, 16(1), 1–32. https://doi.org/10.20885/tarbawi.vol16.iss1.art1
Muis, A. (2026). Incorporating religious moderation values into the Islamic religious education curriculum in secondary education: A systematic review of goals, experiences, methods, and evaluation. British Journal of Religious Education, 48(2), 248–262. https://doi.org/10.1080/01416200.2025.2598619
Mukhlis, M., Sabda, S., Yaqin, H., & Hamdan, H. (2026). Reorientation of Islamic Religious Education in the Global Era in Facing the Challenges of Globalization, Multiculturalism, and Radicalism. AL GHAZALI: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pemikiran Islam, 6(1), 170–200.
Muzahab Badar Ar, F. M. (2025). Fiqh Instruction as a Model for Religious Character Education in Islamic Senior High Schools. Al-Tadzkiyyah: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 16(2), 547–562. https://doi.org/10.24042/atjpi.v16i2.29713
Nemetz, P. L., & Christensen, S. L. (1996). The challenge of cultural diversity: Harnessing a diversity of views to understand multiculturalism. Academy of Management Review, 21(2), 434–462.
Nisa, I. H., Rahmawati, D., & Komalasari, D. T. (2025). Building Tolerant Minds: Strategies for Integrating Religious Moderation in Schools. QuranicEdu: Journal of Islamic Education, 5(2), 158–176.
Niskaromah, Abdullah, A. C., & Amalia, P. (2025). The Effectiveness of Islamic Religious Education in Shaping the Religious Character of Elementary School Students. Zabags International Journal of Education, 3(1), 41–51. https://doi.org/10.61233/zijed.v3i1.27
Nurbayani, N., & Amiruddin, A. (2024). Teacher Strategies in Implementing Religious Moderation Values in Islamic Educational Institutions. Al-Hayat: Journal of Islamic Education, 8(2), 778–787.
Nurdi, H. (2026). The Concept of Tawassuṭ and Religious Moderation in the Perspective of the Qur’an and Hadith: Principles of Balance, Justice, and the Rejection of Extremism. AL GHAZALI: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pemikiran Islam, 6(1), 222–244. https://doi.org/10.69900/ag.v6i1.522
Qotadah, H. A. (2020). Covid-19: Prayers performance of medical team without ablution and tayammum based on four Madhab Fiqh. SALAM J Sos Dan Budaya Syar-i, 7(8), 855–874.
Rahmadhani, O. D., Juwita, & Mukmin. (2025). The Implementation of Islamic Religious Education Learning Methods Oriented Towards the Development of Religious Moderation Attitudes. Journal of Research in Islamic Education, 7(2), 925–938. https://doi.org/10.25217/jrie.v7i2.6954
Rayani, S., Amini, N. R., & Tanjung, E. F. (2024). Optimizing the Communication Skills of Islamic Education Teachers to Strengthen Students’ Congregational Prayer Habits. Education and Human Development Journal, 9(2), 153–162. https://doi.org/10.33086/ehdj.v9i3.6379
Rizki, A. (2025). Problem-Based Learning Strategy in Improving Students’ Religious Understanding in Islamic Religious Education Subjects. Jurnal Profesionalisme Guru, 2(1), 197–205.
Robinson, J. (2023). Likert Scale. In F. Maggino (Ed.), Encyclopedia of Quality of Life and Well-Being Research (pp. 3917–3918). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17299-1_1654
Rukayah, S., Sajdah, M., & Himawati, R. (2025). Strengthening Religious Moderation through Learning Media Innovation in High Schools. JISEI: Journal of Islamic Studies and Educational Innovation, 1(2), 239–255. https://doi.org/10.61094/jisei.v1i2.58
Salmon, G. (2003). E-moderating: The key to teaching and learning online. Psychology press.
Santosa, E. B. (2024). Analysis of the Need for Problem-Based Learning E-Modules to Enhance High Order Thinking Skills (HOTS) Among High School Students. 1(01), 630–649.
Sapitri, V., Nurudin, M., Prasetyo, M. A., Qordowi, M. Y., Putra, M. H., & Azizah, N. (2025). The Relationship between Flexible and Adaptive Behaviour Ability and Students’ Tolerance Attitude: A Correlational Approach. Action Research Journal Indonesia (ARJI), 7(2). https://doi.org/10.61227/arji.v7i2.414
Saputra, R., & Wahyuni, S. (2026). Religious Moderation from the Perspective of Islamic Law and Its Application in Education. Islamic Studies and Education Journal, 2(1), 1–14.
Sasway, H. M., & Kelly, A. M. (2021). Instructional Behaviors Affecting Student Attitudes Towards Science. Community College Journal of Research and Practice, 45(6), 385–402. https://doi.org/10.1080/10668926.2020.1719937
Schwarz, B. B., & Asterhan, C. S. (2011). E-Moderation of Synchronous Discussions in Educational Settings: A Nascent Practice. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 20(3), 395–442. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508406.2011.553257
Suhayib, & Ansyari, M. F. (2023). Design of Islamic Religious Education: Purposes, alignment of curriculum components and contexts. British Journal of Religious Education, 45(4), 382–393. https://doi.org/10.1080/01416200.2023.2220940
Sulaiman, B., & Yusuf, M. S. (2023). Religious Moderation In An Islamic Perspective: A Review of Islamic Education. Edukasi Islami: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 12(04).
Susanti, R., & Nukman, M. (2024). Emotional Intelligence in Islamic Religious Education Learning: Approach, Implementation, and Impact on Student Character Development. Journal of Education and Computer Applications, 1(2), 21–27. https://doi.org/10.69693/jeca.v1i2.16
Syahriani, F., & Jannah, N. Z. (2025). Integration of Islamic Education in Strengthening Students’ Values of Moderation in Modern Society. Modern Islamic Studies and Sharia Research, 1(2), 177–195.
Syahrudin, S., & Gunawan, A. (2025). Innovation in Islamic Education Curriculum Based on Religious Moderation in a Multicultural Society. JISEI: Journal of Islamic Studies and Educational Innovation, 1(4), 428–440. https://doi.org/10.61094/jisei.v1i4.3
Syihabuddin, M. A., & Nafiuddin, M. (2023). Actualization of Moderate Islamic Values In Madrasah. Journal of Education and Religious Studies, 3(02), 60–67. https://doi.org/10.57060/jers.v3i02.105
Timotheou, S., Miliou, O., Dimitriadis, Y., Sobrino, S. V., Giannoutsou, N., Cachia, R., Monés, A. M., & Ioannou, A. (2023). Impacts of digital technologies on education and factors influencing schools’ digital capacity and transformation: A literature review. Education and Information Technologies, 28(6), 6695–6726. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-022-11431-8
Umi, N. H., Retnowati, R., & Istiadi, Y. (2025). Design and development of a problem-based learning (PBL) e-module in environmental education for enhancing pro-environmental behaviour. Indonesian Journal of Applied Environmental Studies, 6(1), 34–40. https://doi.org/10.33751/injast.v6i1.26
Utama, A. H. & Qomario. (2026). Developing a Project-Based Hyper-Content E-Module to Support Students’ Self-Regulated Learning in Higher Education. Jurnal Komunikasi Pendidikan, 10(1), 23–38. https://doi.org/10.32585/jurnalkomdik.v10i1.7271
Voronchenko, T., Klimenko, T., & Kostina, I. (2015). Learning to Live in a Global World: Project-Based Learning in Multicultural Student Groups as a Pedagogy of Tolerance Strategy. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 191, 1489–1495. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.04.472
Published
2026-05-23
How to Cite
Sri Rahayu, F., Maswani, & Khairan Muhamad Arif. (2026). Students’ Tawassuth Attitudes in Prayer Fiqh Learning: Preliminary Study for Islamic Religious Education E-Module Development. International Journal of Education, Vocational and Social Science , 5(02), 2491-2509. https://doi.org/10.63922/ijevss.v5i02.3794
Contact Person +6282139474255
Email : ijevss@citakonsultindo.or.id / editor.ijevss@gmail.com
