Ethics of the Use of Artificial Intelligence In Education: Between Innovation And Academic Integrity
Keywords:
AI ethics, education, generative AI, academic integrity, governance
Abstract
The rapid use of artificial intelligence (AI), especially generative AI, is transforming educational practice by changing how students learn, how teachers design instruction, and how institutions manage assessment. On the one hand, AI creates opportunities for personalised learning, rapid feedback, teacher efficiency, and broader access to learning resources. On the other hand, its adoption raises ethical concerns related to data privacy, algorithmic bias, unequal access, cognitive overreliance, and blurred boundaries between academic support and academic misconduct. This article aims to critically examine the relationship between AI-driven innovation and academic integrity in education. The study employs a narrative-analytical literature review of twelve key publications, including peer-reviewed journal articles, policy documents, and reports from international organisations published between 2019 and 2026. The findings indicate that ethical AI use in education requires four major conditions: a human-centred orientation, AI literacy, authentic assessment design, and clear institutional policies. The article concludes that AI should not be positioned either as a threat or as a stand-alone solution, but as a pedagogical tool that must be governed responsibly so that innovation remains aligned with academic honesty and educational values
References
Alfiras, M. I. I., Emran, A. Q., & Mohamed, A. M. (2026). Ethics And Governance Of Generative Ai In Education: A Systematic Review On Responsible Adoption. Discover Education, 5, Article 37. Https://Doi.Org/10.1007/S44217-025-01051-Y
Annamalai, N., Rashid, R. A., Munir Hashmi, U., Mohamed, M., Harb Alqaryouti, M., & Eddin Sadeq, A. (2023). Using Chatbots For English Language Learning In Higher Education. Computers And Education: Artificial Intelligence, 5(June), 100153. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Caeai.2023.100153
Bal, M., & Öztürk, E. (2025). The Potential Of Deep Learning In Improving K‐12 Students’ Writing Skills: A Systematic Review. British Educational Research Journal, 51(3), 1295–1312. Https://Doi.Org/10.1002/Berj.4120
Balalle, H., & Pannilage, S. (2025). Reassessing Academic Integrity In The Age Of Ai: A Systematic Literature Review On Ai And Academic Integrity. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 11, Article 101299. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Ssaho.2025.101299
Chan, C. K. Y., & Hu, W. (2023). Students’ Voices On Generative Ai: Perceptions, Benefits, And Challenges In Higher Education. International Journal Of Educational Technology In Higher Education, 20(43). Https://Doi.Org/10.1186/S41239-023-00411-8
Chun, P., Yamane, T., & Maemura, Y. (2022). A Deep Learning‐Based Image Captioning Method To Automatically Generate Comprehensive Explanations Of Bridge Damage. Computer-Aided Civil And Infrastructure Engineering, 37(11), 1387–1401. Https://Doi.Org/10.1111/Mice.12793
Fidowaty, T., Wulantika, L., & Mulyana, A. (2022). Waste Management Based On Smart City Management By Using Internet Of Things (Iot) And Artificial Intelligence (Ai) Technology. Abdimas: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 5(1), 1756–1762. Https://Doi.Org/Https://Doi.Org/10.35568/Abdimas.V5i1.1763
García-López, I. M., & Trujillo-Liñán, L. (2025). Ethical And Regulatory Challenges Of Generative Ai In Education: A Systematic Review. Frontiers In Education, 10, Article 1565938. Https://Doi.Org/10.3389/Feduc.2025.1565938
Gruenhagen, J. H., Sinclair, P. M., Carroll, J.-A., Baker, P. R. A., Wilson, A., & Demant, D. (2024). The Rapid Rise Of Generative Ai And Its Implications For Academic Integrity: Students’ Perceptions And Use Of Chatbots For Assistance With Assessments. Computers And Education: Artificial Intelligence, 7, Article 100273. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Caeai.2024.100273
Hadinejad, N., Sperling, K., & Mcgrath, C. (2025). Generative Ai Chatbots In Higher Education: Student Experiences And Perceived Ethical Challenges. Computers And Education Open, 9, Article 100311. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Caeo.2025.100311
Hong, S., Kim, S. H., & Kwon, M. (2022). Determinants Of Digital Innovation In The Public Sector. Government Information Quarterly, 39(4), 101723. Https://Doi.Org/Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Giq.2022.101723
Innocenti, S., & Golin, M. (2022). Human Capital Investment And Perceived Automation Risks: Evidence From 16 Countries. Journal Of Economic Behavior & Organization, 195, 27–41. Https://Doi.Org/Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Jebo.2021.12.027
Kaluarachchi, T., Reis, A., & Nanayakkara, S. (2021). A Review Of Recent Deep Learning Approaches In Human-Centered Machine Learning. Sensors, 21(7), 2514. Https://Doi.Org/10.3390/S21072514
Khuzaini, Muttaqin, I., Setiadi, B., Irpan, M., & Shaddiq, S. (2024). Human Resource Management In The Transformative Digital Era. International Journal Of Religion, 5(11), 4006–4021. Https://Doi.Org/10.61707/H58ygw76
Kusumandari, R. B. (2025). Trauma-Informed Game-Based Learning: A Technological Approach To Enhancing Children’s Resilience In Post-Disaster Education. International Journal Of Learning, Teaching And Educational Research, 24(7), 30. Https://Doi.Org/10.26803/Ijlter.24.7.30
Kusumandari, R. B., Santoso, H. T. B., Istyarini, Wahyudik, N., Zulfikasari, S., & Manan, A. (2026). Development Of Interactive Mathematics Media Based On Articulate Storyline To Improve Student Motivation And Learning Outcomes. Aip Conference Proceedings, 3332, 60006. Https://Doi.Org/10.1063/5.0330617
Kusumandari, R. B., Santoso, H. T. B., & Martitah. (2025). Enhancing Critical Thinking And Student Independence Through Interactive Math Media: An Articulate Storyline-Based Study In Indonesian Elementary Education. Journal Of Educational And Social Research, 15(5). Https://Doi.Org/10.36941/Jesr-2025-0178
Kusumandari, R. B., & Zulfikasari, S. (2021). Game Learning Based Android For Trauma Healing In Post Disaster Children In Disaster Area In Banyumas Regency. Proceedings Of The 11th Annual International Conference On Industrial Engineering And Operations Management Singapore.
Miao, F., & Holmes, W. (2023). Guidance For Generative Ai In Education And Research. Unesco.
Oecd. (2026). Oecd Digital Education Outlook 2026: Exploring Effective Uses Of Generative Ai In Education. Oecd Publishing. Https://Doi.Org/10.1787/062a7394-En
Purba, N., Pujiati, D., Sihombing, P. S. R., Simanjuntak, H., & Sijabat, D. (2025). The Use Of Ai In Elementary School Learning: A Systematic Literature Review. Qalamuna: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial, Dan Agama, 17(1), 83–98. Https://Doi.Org/10.37680/Qalamuna.V17i1.6761
Putri, V. A., Sotyawardani, K. C. A., & Rafael, R. A. (2023). Peran Artificial Intelligence Dalam Proses Pembelajaran Mahasiswa Di Universitas Negeri Surabaya. 2, 615–630.
Rasul, T., Nair, S., Kalendra, D., Balaji, M. S., De Oliveira Santini, F., Junior Ladeira, W., Rather, R. A., Yasin, N., Rodriguez, R. V, Kokkalis, P., Murad, M. W., & Hossain, M. U. (2024). Enhancing Academic Integrity Among Students In Genai Era: A Holistic Framework. The International Journal Of Management Education, 22(3), Article 101041. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Ijme.2024.101041
Russell, S., & Norvig, P. (2016). Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (3rd Ed.). Pearson.
Teqsa. (2023). Assessment Reform For The Age Of Artificial Intelligence. Tertiary Education Quality And Standards Agency.
Toyokawa, Y., Horikoshi, I., Majumdar, R., & Ogata, H. (2023). Challenges And Opportunities Of Ai In Inclusive Education: A Case Study Of Data-Enhanced Active Reading In Japan. Smart Learning Environments, 10(1), 67. Https://Doi.Org/10.1186/S40561-023-00286-2
Tran, K., & Nguyen, T. (2021). Preliminary Research On The Social Attitudes Toward Ai’s Involvement In Christian Education In Vietnam: Promoting Ai Technology For Religious Education. Religions, 12(3), 208. Https://Doi.Org/10.3390/Rel12030208
Uddin, M., Obaidat, M., Manickam, S., Laghari, S. U. A., Dandoush, A., Ullah, H., & Ullah, S. S. (2024). Exploring The Convergence Of Metaverse, Blockchain, And Ai: A Comprehensive Survey Of Enabling Technologies, Applications, Challenges, And Future Directions. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Data Mining And Knowledge Discovery, June, 1–39. Https://Doi.Org/10.1002/Widm.1556
Walker, H. L., Ghani, S., Kuemmerli, C., Nebiker, C. A., Müller, B. P., Raptis, D. A., & Staubli, S. M. (2023). Reliability Of Medical Information Provided By Chatgpt: Assessment Against Clinical Guidelines And Patient Information Quality Instrument. J Med Internet Res, 25, E47479. Https://Doi.Org/10.2196/47479
Yusuf, A., Pervin, N., & Román-González, M. (2024). Generative Ai And The Future Of Higher Education: A Threat To Academic Integrity Or Reformation? Evidence From Multicultural Perspectives. International Journal Of Educational Technology In Higher Education, 21(1), 21.
Zawacki-Richter, O., Marín, V. I., Bond, M., & Gouverneur, F. (2019). Systematic Review Of Research On Artificial Intelligence Applications In Higher Education - Where Are The Educators? International Journal Of Educational Technology In Higher Education, 16, Article 39. Https://Doi.Org/10.1186/S41239-019-0171-0
Zhang, C., & Lu, Y. (2021). Study On Artificial Intelligence: The State Of The Art And Future Prospects. Journal Of Industrial Information Integration, 23, 100224. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Jii.2021.100224
Zhang, L., & Zhang, X. (2025). Impact Of Digital Government Construction On The Intelligent Transformation Of Enterprises: Evidence From China. Technological Forecasting And Social Change, 210, 123787. Https://Doi.Org/Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Techfore.2024.123787
Zhang, Y. (2022). Construction Of English Language Autonomous Learning Center System Based On Artificial Intelligence Technology. Mathematical Problems In Engineering, 2022, 1–12. Https://Doi.Org/10.1155/2022/7900493
Zhu, H., Sun, Y., & Yang, J. (2025). Towards Responsible Artificial Intelligence In Education: A Systematic Review On Identifying And Mitigating Ethical Risks. Humanities And Social Sciences Communications, 12(1), 1–14. Https://Doi.Org/10.1057/S41599-025-05252-6
Annamalai, N., Rashid, R. A., Munir Hashmi, U., Mohamed, M., Harb Alqaryouti, M., & Eddin Sadeq, A. (2023). Using Chatbots For English Language Learning In Higher Education. Computers And Education: Artificial Intelligence, 5(June), 100153. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Caeai.2023.100153
Bal, M., & Öztürk, E. (2025). The Potential Of Deep Learning In Improving K‐12 Students’ Writing Skills: A Systematic Review. British Educational Research Journal, 51(3), 1295–1312. Https://Doi.Org/10.1002/Berj.4120
Balalle, H., & Pannilage, S. (2025). Reassessing Academic Integrity In The Age Of Ai: A Systematic Literature Review On Ai And Academic Integrity. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 11, Article 101299. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Ssaho.2025.101299
Chan, C. K. Y., & Hu, W. (2023). Students’ Voices On Generative Ai: Perceptions, Benefits, And Challenges In Higher Education. International Journal Of Educational Technology In Higher Education, 20(43). Https://Doi.Org/10.1186/S41239-023-00411-8
Chun, P., Yamane, T., & Maemura, Y. (2022). A Deep Learning‐Based Image Captioning Method To Automatically Generate Comprehensive Explanations Of Bridge Damage. Computer-Aided Civil And Infrastructure Engineering, 37(11), 1387–1401. Https://Doi.Org/10.1111/Mice.12793
Fidowaty, T., Wulantika, L., & Mulyana, A. (2022). Waste Management Based On Smart City Management By Using Internet Of Things (Iot) And Artificial Intelligence (Ai) Technology. Abdimas: Jurnal Pengabdian Masyarakat, 5(1), 1756–1762. Https://Doi.Org/Https://Doi.Org/10.35568/Abdimas.V5i1.1763
García-López, I. M., & Trujillo-Liñán, L. (2025). Ethical And Regulatory Challenges Of Generative Ai In Education: A Systematic Review. Frontiers In Education, 10, Article 1565938. Https://Doi.Org/10.3389/Feduc.2025.1565938
Gruenhagen, J. H., Sinclair, P. M., Carroll, J.-A., Baker, P. R. A., Wilson, A., & Demant, D. (2024). The Rapid Rise Of Generative Ai And Its Implications For Academic Integrity: Students’ Perceptions And Use Of Chatbots For Assistance With Assessments. Computers And Education: Artificial Intelligence, 7, Article 100273. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Caeai.2024.100273
Hadinejad, N., Sperling, K., & Mcgrath, C. (2025). Generative Ai Chatbots In Higher Education: Student Experiences And Perceived Ethical Challenges. Computers And Education Open, 9, Article 100311. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Caeo.2025.100311
Hong, S., Kim, S. H., & Kwon, M. (2022). Determinants Of Digital Innovation In The Public Sector. Government Information Quarterly, 39(4), 101723. Https://Doi.Org/Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Giq.2022.101723
Innocenti, S., & Golin, M. (2022). Human Capital Investment And Perceived Automation Risks: Evidence From 16 Countries. Journal Of Economic Behavior & Organization, 195, 27–41. Https://Doi.Org/Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Jebo.2021.12.027
Kaluarachchi, T., Reis, A., & Nanayakkara, S. (2021). A Review Of Recent Deep Learning Approaches In Human-Centered Machine Learning. Sensors, 21(7), 2514. Https://Doi.Org/10.3390/S21072514
Khuzaini, Muttaqin, I., Setiadi, B., Irpan, M., & Shaddiq, S. (2024). Human Resource Management In The Transformative Digital Era. International Journal Of Religion, 5(11), 4006–4021. Https://Doi.Org/10.61707/H58ygw76
Kusumandari, R. B. (2025). Trauma-Informed Game-Based Learning: A Technological Approach To Enhancing Children’s Resilience In Post-Disaster Education. International Journal Of Learning, Teaching And Educational Research, 24(7), 30. Https://Doi.Org/10.26803/Ijlter.24.7.30
Kusumandari, R. B., Santoso, H. T. B., Istyarini, Wahyudik, N., Zulfikasari, S., & Manan, A. (2026). Development Of Interactive Mathematics Media Based On Articulate Storyline To Improve Student Motivation And Learning Outcomes. Aip Conference Proceedings, 3332, 60006. Https://Doi.Org/10.1063/5.0330617
Kusumandari, R. B., Santoso, H. T. B., & Martitah. (2025). Enhancing Critical Thinking And Student Independence Through Interactive Math Media: An Articulate Storyline-Based Study In Indonesian Elementary Education. Journal Of Educational And Social Research, 15(5). Https://Doi.Org/10.36941/Jesr-2025-0178
Kusumandari, R. B., & Zulfikasari, S. (2021). Game Learning Based Android For Trauma Healing In Post Disaster Children In Disaster Area In Banyumas Regency. Proceedings Of The 11th Annual International Conference On Industrial Engineering And Operations Management Singapore.
Miao, F., & Holmes, W. (2023). Guidance For Generative Ai In Education And Research. Unesco.
Oecd. (2026). Oecd Digital Education Outlook 2026: Exploring Effective Uses Of Generative Ai In Education. Oecd Publishing. Https://Doi.Org/10.1787/062a7394-En
Purba, N., Pujiati, D., Sihombing, P. S. R., Simanjuntak, H., & Sijabat, D. (2025). The Use Of Ai In Elementary School Learning: A Systematic Literature Review. Qalamuna: Jurnal Pendidikan, Sosial, Dan Agama, 17(1), 83–98. Https://Doi.Org/10.37680/Qalamuna.V17i1.6761
Putri, V. A., Sotyawardani, K. C. A., & Rafael, R. A. (2023). Peran Artificial Intelligence Dalam Proses Pembelajaran Mahasiswa Di Universitas Negeri Surabaya. 2, 615–630.
Rasul, T., Nair, S., Kalendra, D., Balaji, M. S., De Oliveira Santini, F., Junior Ladeira, W., Rather, R. A., Yasin, N., Rodriguez, R. V, Kokkalis, P., Murad, M. W., & Hossain, M. U. (2024). Enhancing Academic Integrity Among Students In Genai Era: A Holistic Framework. The International Journal Of Management Education, 22(3), Article 101041. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Ijme.2024.101041
Russell, S., & Norvig, P. (2016). Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (3rd Ed.). Pearson.
Teqsa. (2023). Assessment Reform For The Age Of Artificial Intelligence. Tertiary Education Quality And Standards Agency.
Toyokawa, Y., Horikoshi, I., Majumdar, R., & Ogata, H. (2023). Challenges And Opportunities Of Ai In Inclusive Education: A Case Study Of Data-Enhanced Active Reading In Japan. Smart Learning Environments, 10(1), 67. Https://Doi.Org/10.1186/S40561-023-00286-2
Tran, K., & Nguyen, T. (2021). Preliminary Research On The Social Attitudes Toward Ai’s Involvement In Christian Education In Vietnam: Promoting Ai Technology For Religious Education. Religions, 12(3), 208. Https://Doi.Org/10.3390/Rel12030208
Uddin, M., Obaidat, M., Manickam, S., Laghari, S. U. A., Dandoush, A., Ullah, H., & Ullah, S. S. (2024). Exploring The Convergence Of Metaverse, Blockchain, And Ai: A Comprehensive Survey Of Enabling Technologies, Applications, Challenges, And Future Directions. Wiley Interdisciplinary Reviews: Data Mining And Knowledge Discovery, June, 1–39. Https://Doi.Org/10.1002/Widm.1556
Walker, H. L., Ghani, S., Kuemmerli, C., Nebiker, C. A., Müller, B. P., Raptis, D. A., & Staubli, S. M. (2023). Reliability Of Medical Information Provided By Chatgpt: Assessment Against Clinical Guidelines And Patient Information Quality Instrument. J Med Internet Res, 25, E47479. Https://Doi.Org/10.2196/47479
Yusuf, A., Pervin, N., & Román-González, M. (2024). Generative Ai And The Future Of Higher Education: A Threat To Academic Integrity Or Reformation? Evidence From Multicultural Perspectives. International Journal Of Educational Technology In Higher Education, 21(1), 21.
Zawacki-Richter, O., Marín, V. I., Bond, M., & Gouverneur, F. (2019). Systematic Review Of Research On Artificial Intelligence Applications In Higher Education - Where Are The Educators? International Journal Of Educational Technology In Higher Education, 16, Article 39. Https://Doi.Org/10.1186/S41239-019-0171-0
Zhang, C., & Lu, Y. (2021). Study On Artificial Intelligence: The State Of The Art And Future Prospects. Journal Of Industrial Information Integration, 23, 100224. Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Jii.2021.100224
Zhang, L., & Zhang, X. (2025). Impact Of Digital Government Construction On The Intelligent Transformation Of Enterprises: Evidence From China. Technological Forecasting And Social Change, 210, 123787. Https://Doi.Org/Https://Doi.Org/10.1016/J.Techfore.2024.123787
Zhang, Y. (2022). Construction Of English Language Autonomous Learning Center System Based On Artificial Intelligence Technology. Mathematical Problems In Engineering, 2022, 1–12. Https://Doi.Org/10.1155/2022/7900493
Zhu, H., Sun, Y., & Yang, J. (2025). Towards Responsible Artificial Intelligence In Education: A Systematic Review On Identifying And Mitigating Ethical Risks. Humanities And Social Sciences Communications, 12(1), 1–14. Https://Doi.Org/10.1057/S41599-025-05252-6
Published
2026-07-28
How to Cite
Girsang, R., Haryono, H., Kusumandari, R. B., & Avrilianda, D. (2026). Ethics of the Use of Artificial Intelligence In Education: Between Innovation And Academic Integrity. International Journal of Education, Vocational and Social Science , 5(03), 6420-6430. https://doi.org/10.63922/ijevss.v5i03.3919
Contact Person +6282139474255
Email : ijevss@citakonsultindo.or.id / editor.ijevss@gmail.com
