Character Education And Spiritual Psychology In Suluk Sidanghukama Markum Pupuh Sinom Stanzas 1–21: A Literary Psychology Study

Aswandikari

doi:10.63922/ijevss.v5i02.3967

Aswandikari Universitas Mataram, Mataram, Indonesia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.63922/ijevss.v5i02.3967

Keywords: character education

Abstract

Abstract

This study aims to examine the values of character education and the dynamics of spiritual psychology in Suluk Sidanghukama within Markum Pupuh Sinom stanzas 1–21 through a literary psychology approach integrated with a Sufi perspective. This research employs a qualitative descriptive-analytical method using text analysis techniques, symbolic reading, and hermeneutic interpretation of data in the form of poetic excerpts such as “nuntut girang pawikanan/jelo malam ndeqna pgat”, “turun lendang taek gunung tinggi”, “macan gajah si lawan snuk”, “manjing metu dengan zikir”, and “intan laduni rahasia.” These data were analyzed to reveal the structure of personality development, inner transformation, and character values embedded in Said Sidanghukama’s spiritual journey. The results of the study indicate that Markum Pupuh Sinom stanzas 1–21 represent a gradual process of spiritual psychology, beginning with initial awareness or iradah, followed by the journey and transformation of identity within the stage of tarekat, inner conflict symbolized by creatures as representations of nafs, spiritual struggle through mujahadah, self-surrender through tawakal, deepening consciousness through dhikr, and culminating in ma‘rifatullah and ilmu laduni. These stages demonstrate that the Markum text contains not only literary and aesthetic values, but also functions as a medium of spiritual education that teaches discipline, perseverance, self-control, ethical conduct toward teachers, patience, tawakal, and transcendent awareness. From the perspective of Sufism, the protagonist’s journey reflects the process of purification of the soul and the formation of Divine consciousness (Al-Ghazali, 2005; Al-Qusyairi, 2007; Knysh, 2017; Nasr, 2017). Meanwhile, from the perspective of character education, the metaphors and symbols within the text function as instruments for internalizing moral-spiritual values relevant to the formation of modern human character (Lickona, 2012; Burhanuddin, 2020; Fadil et al., 2025). Therefore, Suluk Sidanghukama can be understood as a model of character education based on spiritual psychology within the Sasak Sufi literary tradition.

Keywords: character education, spiritual psychology, Suluk Sidanghukama, Markum Pupuh Sinom, Sasak Sufism.

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