The Dynamics and Challenges of Human Resources in the Innovation of Silage as an Alternative Feed: A Systematic Literature Review
Keywords:
human resources, silage feed, barriers to feed innovation, livestock farmers
Abstract
Human resources (HR) play a crucial role in feed innovation to achieve food self-sufficiency. Active community participation, ongoing education for livestock farmers, and capacity building for local human resources are key to the sustainability of innovation. This study aims to systematically synthesize the latest literature on the role and actual barriers faced by human resources in feed innovation. This Systematic Literature Review was conducted using the PRISMA protocol. A comprehensive search was performed through the Dimensions bibliographic database for publications released between 2020 and 2026. From a total of 194 documents identified through the search, a rigorous screening and eligibility evaluation process yielded 20 key articles that were extracted and analyzed thematically. The literature synthesis identified significant transformations in the role of human resources in silage feed innovation as an alternative feed for all seasons. However, there are a number of obstacles faced by human resources in silage feed innovation, including 1) a lack of skills resulting in low silage quality, limited production scale, and distribution inefficiency; 2) a lack of coordination among farmers; 3) weak farmer groups, and resistance to adopting new technologies due to traditional cultural values; and 4) limited capital for procuring raw materials, equipment, and silage additives. Policy implications call for government support in providing comprehensive training."
References
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Irma, Purnama I, Juanda F, & Raisa D.M. (2025). The Role of Livestock Businesses in Supporting Food Security and Family Economics: A Literature Review. Halu Oleo Journal of Animal Science). 7(4), 511–517. https://doi.org/10.56625/jipho.v7i4.406.
Julia Marisa. (2019). Analysis of Factors Affecting the Production of Meat Sheep Fattening Businesses in Bandar Senembah Subdistrict, Binjai City. Journal of Animal Science and Agronomy Panca Budi. 4(1), 16-23.
Mardesci, H., & Fitriani, D. (2025). Assessing the potential and barriers of the coconut industry as a driver of national food security. Journal of Agricultural Technology. 14 (1):27-44 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32520/jtp.v14i1.4281
Mulyati, S., Mustofa, I., Rimayanti, R., Susilowati, & Supriyadi (2025). Creative economy of forage-free feed and dairy processing innovations toward dairy tourism. Smart Dedication. 2(1), 72–80
Nazaruddin, M., Nasution, A.A., & Ilham, I. (2022). Training and development of appropriate technology for sustainable silage production. Malikussaleh Journal. 1(2). https://doi.org/10.29103/jmm.v1i2.8103.
Nisa, R., Nabila, F., Azahra, S., & Apriliani, D. (2025). Literature Review on the Optimization of Human Resource Management for Improving Productivity and Sustainability in Dairy Cattle Farming. Journal of Economics, Business, and Management 4(2), 339–410. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58192/ebismen.v4i2.3559
Novarista, N., Putra, R.A., Madarisa, F., & Huda, S. (2025). A snapshot of buffalo farming practices in Agam Regency: A study of feed management, reproduction, and health for sustainable livestock development. Indonesian Journal of Animal Science. 27 (2), 115–129. DOIhttps://doi.org/10.25077/jpi.27.2.115-129.2025
Nawawi, M. & Arifa N.S.A. (2025). Business Development Strategies for Elephant Grass at CV Pelita Desa: A Community-Based Model for Industrial Scale. Journal of Agroscience and Technology. 10(2):91-106. DOI: 10.24853/jat.v10i2.29055
Nurtanti I, Efendi B, & Akbar F. (2025). Application of technological innovations in forage
processing (silage) among the Muhammadiyah Karanganyar Farmers’ Group. ABDIKAN: Journal of Community Service in Science and Technology, 4 (2), 87–96.
https://doi.org/10.55123/abdikan.v4i2.5126
Ramadhan B.K.B., Amam, Romadhona S., & Rusdiana S. (2022). Development of Community-Based Beef Cattle Farming Using Local Resources. 6(2), 54–61. https://doi.org/10.37090/jwputb.v6i2.552
Rahmawati R.Y, Winurdana A.S, Suprajang S.E, & Puspitorini P. (2025). Optimizing Feed Availability through Silage Innovation for Sustainable Ruminant Livestock Productivity in the Lestari II Farmers’ Group. Jurnal Pengabdian Nasional (JPN) Indonesia 6(3), 758–767. https://doi.org/10.63447/jpni.v6i3.1597
Ridwan A. (2025). Evaluation of the Utilization of Agricultural Waste as Alternative Feed for Etawa Crossbred Goats. Journal of Animal Husbandry. 1 (1), 22-29. https://doi.org/10.70716/joah.v1i1.48
Robbani & A Zumrudiana. (2025). Empowering farmers through the production of livestock feed silage for food security in Klempun Village, Ngraho. DIMASEKA. DIMASEKA: Journal of Community Service. 3(1), 8–18. https://doi.org/10.31941/dimaseka.v3i1.324
Suryanto, A., Wulandari, D., & Nugroho, B. (2021). Adoption of silage technology among smallholder farmers and influencing factors. Indonesian Journal of Animal Science, 23(2), 115–126.
Setiawan, B.D., & Adlan, Z.U. (2022). The Role of Human Resources in Local Buffalo Farming in North Musi Rawas Regency. Journal of Animal Science Inspiration. 2(3), 341–349.
Sungkono, Aryati F., Simamora R.R., Afrina F., Suparman, Ansyori, Yanto, Dianarafah D., & Rosnarita E. (2025). Utilization of Sorghum as Livestock Feed in Silage Form in Tanjung Rejo Village, Negeri Katon Subdistrict, Pesawaran Regency, Lampung Province. Abdimas Satu Nusa Scientific Journal. 33–36
Silalahi A.S., Patriani P., Tafsin M., Susilo H., Ariani F., Dardanila, & Mulyadi. (2025). Enhancing the Business Capacity of Goat Farming Through the Use of Silage and Chopper Machines in Rabuhit Village, Gunung Maligas Subdistrict, Simalungun Regency. JDISTIRA (Journal of Community Service, Innovation, and Technology). 5 (2), 656–662. https://doi.org/10.58794/jdt.v6i1.1638
Sulistyowati, D.D., Atika, R., & Dewi, J.A. (2025). Development of Sorghum-Based Complete Feed for Strengthening Local Agribusiness in Subang Regency. AGRISUSTAIN. 1 (2), 57-71. https://doi.org/10.52655/jg7hhr09
Supriadi, S., Muchlis, A., & Setiawan, L. (2024). Strategies for Sustainable Livestock Development Through Technological Innovation in the Livestock Sector. Journal of Animal Science and
Technology. 4 (1), 226-234. https://doi.org/10.56326/jitpu.v4i1.4907
Suvianti, E., Aprilia, T.D., & Cahyati, N.A. (2025). Market structure dynamics and competitiveness challenges for MSMEs in Indonesia. Journal of Economics & Business. 13 (2), 209-218. https://doi.org/10.58406/jeb.v13i2.2116
Valerio, V.C., Walther, O.J., Eilittä, M., Cissé, B., Muneepeerakul, R., & Kiker, G.A. (2020). Network Analysis of Regional Livestock Trade in West Africa. PLoS ONE, 15(5), e0232681. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0232681
Wilkinson, J. M., & Davies, D. R. (2013). The aerobic stability of silage: Key findings and recent developments. Grass and Forage Science. 68(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.2012.00891.x
Wafik, A. Z., Mujahidi, K., & Hasan Rizki, M. A. A. (2025). Strategies for Corn-Based Feed Diversification to Enhance the Economic Competitiveness of Local Livestock Farmers. Eastasouth Journal of Effective Community Services. 4(02), 105–116. https://doi.org/10.58812/ejecs.v4i02.450
Wuli, R.N. (2023). The Role of Human Resource Management in Improving Farmers’ Welfare in Ngada Regency. Sintaks Literasi Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia. 9(3), 2097–2106. https://doi.org/10.36418/syntax-literate.v9i3.15401
Zulfanitav, Wibawanti JMW, F. Iskandar, & Fauzi A. (2025). Education on dry feed (haylage) and concentrate technology based on agricultural waste in optimizing the productivity of Kaligesing goats. Gemari. Journal of the Movement to Serve the Nation. 3(3), 30-37. https://doi.org/10.37729/gemari.v3i3.7191S
Agustina, D., Rela, I.Z., & Jayadisastra, Y. (2025). Adoption of high-nutrient Cajanus cajan livestock feed processing technology as a strategy for the economic empowerment of livestock farmers. Scientific Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship. 4(2), 11–18. https://doi.org/10.
Alfiansyah, A., & Erniawati, E. (2024). The Effect of Human Resource Management on Dairy Farm Productivity. Indonesian Journal of Animal Science. https://doi.org/10.70134/jipena.v1i1.26.
Ali N.A., Hidayat N.N., & Yuwono P. (2020). Analysis of the Development Potential of Beef Cattle in Banyumas Regency. Journal of Animal Science and Technology, 2(3), 310–316. https://doi.org/10.20884/1.angon.2020.2.3.p310-316
Amalyadi, R. (2026). Transformation of livestock feeding systems through innovation and precision technology: Building animal food self-reliance based on high-quality human resources. Journal of Sustainable Agriculture. 4 (1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.47687/josae.v4i1.1698
Aprilia R.M, Hermanto, Subagiyo I, Novitasari A, Huda A.N, Utomo B, Anifiatiningrum, & Fauzi M.M (2025). Enhancing Farmers’ Capacity Through Assistance in Making Silage Using
Local Additives at the AI Farm Dairy Cattle Farm. Journal of Science, Technology, and Arts for Society. 14 (2), 266–277. https://doi.org/10.20961/semar.v14i2.109220.
Andarwati S, Sudaryatno, F. Trisakti Haryadi T, Santosa K.A, Rafi'I A, & Gunawan. (2024). Empowering Livestock Farmers in Playen District through Silage Production Training for Sustainable Feed Security in the Face of Climate Change. Proceedings of the National Seminar on Agricultural Development and Vocational Education. 5(1), 598–611. https://doi.org/10.47687/snppvp.v5i1.1142
Azis A.R, Bilyaro W, Dani M, Mahfudz A.A, Hakim M, & Hamka M.S. 2025. Integration of Technology and Socio-Economic Innovation in Animal Husbandry to Support Food Security and Sustainable Village Development. 1 (1),363-368. https://doi.org/10.33369/saintrop.v1i.260.
Budiyoko, B., & Zulkifli, L. (2025). Empowerment of women farmers’ groups through circular economy-based pineapple peel silage innovation in Karangjengkol Village. Journal of Community Empowerment. 5(5), 57-65. https://doi.org/10.59818/jpm.v5i5.2026
Dahrun, A., Syahruni, N., & Ridha, M.R. (2025). Business innovations and success determinants among free-range chicken farmers: A business study in Bontolangkasa Village, Bontonompo Subdistrict. Arus Journal of Social and Economic Studies. https://doi.org/10.57250/ajsh.v5i3.1925
Fitroh, B.A., Mayasari, S., Adhi, B.W., & Jamil, A. (2025). Training on the production of forage silage for ruminant livestock for livestock farmers. Journal of Community Service and Innovation Indonesia. 3(2), 159–166. https://doi.org/10.54082/jpmii.757
Firmansyah, F.B., Amam, A., Rusdiana, S., & Huda A.S. (2022). The role of resources in the development of sheep partnership businesses. Journal of Agribusiness Management. 10(2), 862. https://doi.org/10.24843/JMA.2022.v10.i02.p11
Harmayani, R. (2025). Motivation and barriers to the implementation of organic livestock systems in layer chicken businesses. Journal of Livestock Science and Innovation. 1 (1), 1-7
Huda, A.N., Subagiyo, I., & Tistiana, H. (2024). Innovations in the processing of ruminant feed using local fiber resources. MALANG: UB PRESS
Harta L, Suryanto D.A., Wulandari, D., & Nugroho, B. (2021). Adoption of silage technology among smallholder farmers and influencing factors. Indonesian Journal of Animal Science, 23(2), 115–126.
Harta L, Utama S.P., M., & Yuliarso Z. (2021). Factors Influencing the Adoption of SITT Innovation
in Beef Cattle in South Bengkulu Regency. Extension Journal. 17(2), 145–155. https://doi.org/10.25015/17202134152
Heriyanto. (2025). The Effect of Fermented Feed on the Growth and Feed Efficiency of Beef Cattle. Journal of Animal Husbandry. 3110-4479. https://doi.org/10.70716/joah.v1i1.40
Irma, Purnama I, Juanda F, & Raisa D.M. (2025). The Role of Livestock Businesses in Supporting Food Security and Family Economics: A Literature Review. Halu Oleo Journal of Animal Science). 7(4), 511–517. https://doi.org/10.56625/jipho.v7i4.406.
Julia Marisa. (2019). Analysis of Factors Affecting the Production of Meat Sheep Fattening Businesses in Bandar Senembah Subdistrict, Binjai City. Journal of Animal Science and Agronomy Panca Budi. 4(1), 16-23.
Mardesci, H., & Fitriani, D. (2025). Assessing the potential and barriers of the coconut industry as a driver of national food security. Journal of Agricultural Technology. 14 (1):27-44 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32520/jtp.v14i1.4281
Mulyati, S., Mustofa, I., Rimayanti, R., Susilowati, & Supriyadi (2025). Creative economy of forage-free feed and dairy processing innovations toward dairy tourism. Smart Dedication. 2(1), 72–80
Nazaruddin, M., Nasution, A.A., & Ilham, I. (2022). Training and development of appropriate technology for sustainable silage production. Malikussaleh Journal. 1(2). https://doi.org/10.29103/jmm.v1i2.8103.
Nisa, R., Nabila, F., Azahra, S., & Apriliani, D. (2025). Literature Review on the Optimization of Human Resource Management for Improving Productivity and Sustainability in Dairy Cattle Farming. Journal of Economics, Business, and Management 4(2), 339–410. DOI: https://doi.org/10.58192/ebismen.v4i2.3559
Novarista, N., Putra, R.A., Madarisa, F., & Huda, S. (2025). A snapshot of buffalo farming practices in Agam Regency: A study of feed management, reproduction, and health for sustainable livestock development. Indonesian Journal of Animal Science. 27 (2), 115–129. DOIhttps://doi.org/10.25077/jpi.27.2.115-129.2025
Nawawi, M. & Arifa N.S.A. (2025). Business Development Strategies for Elephant Grass at CV Pelita Desa: A Community-Based Model for Industrial Scale. Journal of Agroscience and Technology. 10(2):91-106. DOI: 10.24853/jat.v10i2.29055
Nurtanti I, Efendi B, & Akbar F. (2025). Application of technological innovations in forage
processing (silage) among the Muhammadiyah Karanganyar Farmers’ Group. ABDIKAN: Journal of Community Service in Science and Technology, 4 (2), 87–96.
https://doi.org/10.55123/abdikan.v4i2.5126
Ramadhan B.K.B., Amam, Romadhona S., & Rusdiana S. (2022). Development of Community-Based Beef Cattle Farming Using Local Resources. 6(2), 54–61. https://doi.org/10.37090/jwputb.v6i2.552
Rahmawati R.Y, Winurdana A.S, Suprajang S.E, & Puspitorini P. (2025). Optimizing Feed Availability through Silage Innovation for Sustainable Ruminant Livestock Productivity in the Lestari II Farmers’ Group. Jurnal Pengabdian Nasional (JPN) Indonesia 6(3), 758–767. https://doi.org/10.63447/jpni.v6i3.1597
Ridwan A. (2025). Evaluation of the Utilization of Agricultural Waste as Alternative Feed for Etawa Crossbred Goats. Journal of Animal Husbandry. 1 (1), 22-29. https://doi.org/10.70716/joah.v1i1.48
Robbani & A Zumrudiana. (2025). Empowering farmers through the production of livestock feed silage for food security in Klempun Village, Ngraho. DIMASEKA. DIMASEKA: Journal of Community Service. 3(1), 8–18. https://doi.org/10.31941/dimaseka.v3i1.324
Suryanto, A., Wulandari, D., & Nugroho, B. (2021). Adoption of silage technology among smallholder farmers and influencing factors. Indonesian Journal of Animal Science, 23(2), 115–126.
Setiawan, B.D., & Adlan, Z.U. (2022). The Role of Human Resources in Local Buffalo Farming in North Musi Rawas Regency. Journal of Animal Science Inspiration. 2(3), 341–349.
Sungkono, Aryati F., Simamora R.R., Afrina F., Suparman, Ansyori, Yanto, Dianarafah D., & Rosnarita E. (2025). Utilization of Sorghum as Livestock Feed in Silage Form in Tanjung Rejo Village, Negeri Katon Subdistrict, Pesawaran Regency, Lampung Province. Abdimas Satu Nusa Scientific Journal. 33–36
Silalahi A.S., Patriani P., Tafsin M., Susilo H., Ariani F., Dardanila, & Mulyadi. (2025). Enhancing the Business Capacity of Goat Farming Through the Use of Silage and Chopper Machines in Rabuhit Village, Gunung Maligas Subdistrict, Simalungun Regency. JDISTIRA (Journal of Community Service, Innovation, and Technology). 5 (2), 656–662. https://doi.org/10.58794/jdt.v6i1.1638
Sulistyowati, D.D., Atika, R., & Dewi, J.A. (2025). Development of Sorghum-Based Complete Feed for Strengthening Local Agribusiness in Subang Regency. AGRISUSTAIN. 1 (2), 57-71. https://doi.org/10.52655/jg7hhr09
Supriadi, S., Muchlis, A., & Setiawan, L. (2024). Strategies for Sustainable Livestock Development Through Technological Innovation in the Livestock Sector. Journal of Animal Science and
Technology. 4 (1), 226-234. https://doi.org/10.56326/jitpu.v4i1.4907
Suvianti, E., Aprilia, T.D., & Cahyati, N.A. (2025). Market structure dynamics and competitiveness challenges for MSMEs in Indonesia. Journal of Economics & Business. 13 (2), 209-218. https://doi.org/10.58406/jeb.v13i2.2116
Valerio, V.C., Walther, O.J., Eilittä, M., Cissé, B., Muneepeerakul, R., & Kiker, G.A. (2020). Network Analysis of Regional Livestock Trade in West Africa. PLoS ONE, 15(5), e0232681. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0232681
Wilkinson, J. M., & Davies, D. R. (2013). The aerobic stability of silage: Key findings and recent developments. Grass and Forage Science. 68(1), 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.2012.00891.x
Wafik, A. Z., Mujahidi, K., & Hasan Rizki, M. A. A. (2025). Strategies for Corn-Based Feed Diversification to Enhance the Economic Competitiveness of Local Livestock Farmers. Eastasouth Journal of Effective Community Services. 4(02), 105–116. https://doi.org/10.58812/ejecs.v4i02.450
Wuli, R.N. (2023). The Role of Human Resource Management in Improving Farmers’ Welfare in Ngada Regency. Sintaks Literasi Jurnal Ilmiah Indonesia. 9(3), 2097–2106. https://doi.org/10.36418/syntax-literate.v9i3.15401
Zulfanitav, Wibawanti JMW, F. Iskandar, & Fauzi A. (2025). Education on dry feed (haylage) and concentrate technology based on agricultural waste in optimizing the productivity of Kaligesing goats. Gemari. Journal of the Movement to Serve the Nation. 3(3), 30-37. https://doi.org/10.37729/gemari.v3i3.7191S
Published
2026-05-31
How to Cite
Hajar, Radian Syafullah, & Ulfa Nurrofingah. (2026). The Dynamics and Challenges of Human Resources in the Innovation of Silage as an Alternative Feed: A Systematic Literature Review. International Journal of Education, Vocational and Social Science , 5(02), 3300-3311. https://doi.org/10.63922/ijevss.v5i02.4016
Contact Person +6282139474255
Email : ijevss@citakonsultindo.or.id / editor.ijevss@gmail.com
