The Influence of Parenting Styles and Social Environment on Adolescent Morality in Parit Baru, Kampar
Keywords:
Parenting Styles, Social Environment, Adolescent Morality
Abstract
This study aims to examine the influence of parenting styles and the social environment on adolescent morality in Parit Baru, Tambang District, Kampar Regency, both partially and simultaneously. This research employs a quantitative approach using a survey method. The population consists of 161 adolescents aged 13–18 years, with a sample of 115 respondents determined using the Slovin formula through proportional simple random sampling techniques. Data were collected through questionnaires, observation, and documentation, and then analyzed using multiple linear regression with the assistance of SPSS software.The results show that partially, parenting styles have a positive and significant effect on adolescent morality (t-value = 2.466 > t-table = 1.980; sig. = 0.015 < 0.05). The social environment also has a positive and significant effect on adolescent morality (t-value = 6.259 > t-table = 1.980; sig. = 0.000 < 0.05). Simultaneously, parenting styles and the social environment have a significant effect on adolescent morality (F-value = 24.659 > F-table = 3.08; sig. = 0.000 < 0.05). The coefficient of determination (R Square) of 0.306 indicates that 30.6% of the variation in adolescent morality is explained by these two variables, while the remaining 69.4% is influenced by other factors outside this study.
References
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Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Walker, L. J., & Pitts, R. C. (1998). Naturalistic conceptions of moral maturity. Developmental Psychology, 34(3), 403–419.
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Yusuf, S. (2019). Psikologi Perkembangan Anak dan Remaja. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya.
Zubaedi. (2011). Desain Pendidikan Karakter: Konsepsi dan Aplikasinya dalam Lembaga Pendidikan. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group.
Bandura, A. (1986). Social Foundations of Thought and Action: A Social Cognitive Theory. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
Bandura, A. (1997). Self-Efficacy: The Exercise of Control. New York, NY: Freeman.
Baumrind, D. (1967). Child care practices anteceding three patterns of preschool behavior. Genetic Psychology Monographs, 75(1), 43–88.
Baumrind, D. (1971). Current patterns of parental authority. Developmental Psychology Monographs, 4(1), 1–103.
Baumrind, D. (1991). The influence of parenting style on adolescent competence and substance use. Journal of Early Adolescence, 11(1), 56–95.
Bereiter, C. (1994). Constructivism, socioculturalism, and Popper’s world 3. Educational Researcher, 23(7), 21–23.
Berk, L. E. (2018). Development Through the Lifespan (7th ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (1979). The Ecology of Human Development: Experiments by Nature and Design. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Bronfenbrenner, U. (2005). Making Human Beings Human: Bioecological Perspectives on Human Development. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Bronfenbrenner, U., & Morris, P. A. (2006). The bioecological model of human development. In W. Damon & R. Lerner (Eds.), Handbook of Child Psychology (6th ed., pp. 793–828). New York, NY: Wiley.
Castells, M. (2010). The Rise of the Network Society (2nd ed.). Oxford, England: Blackwell Publishing.
Darling, N., & Steinberg, L. (1993). Parenting style as context: An integrative model. Psychological Bulletin, 113(3), 487–496.
Driscoll, M. P. (2005). Psychology of Learning for Instruction (3rd ed.). Boston, MA: Pearson Education.
Eccles, J. S., & Roeser, R. W. (2011). Schools as developmental contexts during adolescence. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 21(1), 225–241.
Erikson, E. H. (1968). Identity: Youth and Crisis. New York, NY: W.W. Norton.
Gopnik, A., & Wellman, H. M. (2012). Reconstructing constructivism: Causal models, Bayesian learning mechanisms, and the theory theory. Psychological Bulletin, 138(6), 1085–1108.
Heyes, C. (2012). What’s social about social learning? Journal of Comparative Psychology, 126(2), 193–202.
Kohlberg, L. (1976). Moral stages and moralization: The cognitive-developmental approach. In T. Lickona (Ed.), Moral Development and Behavior (pp. 31–53). New York, NY: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
Kohlberg, L. (1984). Essays on Moral Development: The Psychology of Moral Development (Vol. 2). San Francisco, CA: Harper & Row.
Lapsley, D. K. (2006). Moral Psychology. Boulder, CO: Westview Press.
Lickona, T. (1991). Educating for Character: How Our Schools Can Teach Respect and Responsibility. New York, NY: Bantam Books.
Lickona, T. (2012). Character Matters: How to Help Our Children Develop Good Judgment, Integrity, and Other Essential Virtues. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster.
Meece, J. L., & Daniels, D. H. (2008). Child and adolescent development for educators. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Moons, J., & De Backer, F. (2013). The influence of constructivist learning environments on students’ learning outcomes. Learning Environments Research, 16(2), 123–140.
Mvududu, N. H. (2005). Constructivism in practice: The case for English language learners. Early Childhood Education Journal, 32(3), 197–204.
Naylor, S., & Keogh, B. (1999). Constructivism in classroom: Theory into practice. Journal of Science Teacher Education, 10(2), 93–106.
Nucci, L. P. (2001). Education in the Moral Domain. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Papalia, D. E., & Martorell, G. (2021). Experience Human Development (15th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill.
Piaget, J. (1964). Cognitive development in children: Development and learning. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 2(3), 176–186.
Piaget, J. (1972). The Psychology of the Child. New York, NY: Basic Books.
Santrock, J. W. (2019). Adolescence (17th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.
Santrock, J. W. (2020). Life-Span Development (18th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.
Siemens, G. (2005). Connectivism: A learning theory for the digital age. International Journal of Instructional Technology and Distance Learning, 2(1), 3–10.
Siemens, G. (2006). Knowing Knowledge. Vancouver, Canada: Lulu Press.
Spector, J. M. (2001). An overview of progress and problems in educational technology. Interactive Educational Multimedia, 3, 27–37.
Steinberg, L. (2014). Age of Opportunity: Lessons from the New Science of Adolescence. Boston, MA: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt.
Steinberg, L. (2017). Adolescence (11th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.
Steinberg, L., & Morris, A. S. (2001). Adolescent development. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 83–110.
Tam, M. (2000). Constructivism, instructional design, and technology: Implications for transforming distance learning. Educational Technology & Society, 3(2), 50–60.
Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in Society: The Development of Higher Psychological Processes. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Walker, L. J., & Pitts, R. C. (1998). Naturalistic conceptions of moral maturity. Developmental Psychology, 34(3), 403–419.
Walumbwa, F. O., Hartnell, C. A., & Oke, A. (2011). Servant leadership, procedural justice climate, service climate, employee attitudes, and organizational citizenship behavior: A cross-level investigation. Journal of Applied Psychology, 95(3), 517–529.
Wentzel, K. R. (2015). Prosocial behavior and peer relations in adolescence. In R. M. Lerner (Ed.), Handbook of Child Psychology and Developmental Science (7th ed., pp. 1–42). Hoboken, NJ: Wiley.
Woolfolk, A. (2019). Educational Psychology (14th ed.). New York, NY: Pearson.
Yusuf, S. (2019). Psikologi Perkembangan Anak dan Remaja. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya.
Zubaedi. (2011). Desain Pendidikan Karakter: Konsepsi dan Aplikasinya dalam Lembaga Pendidikan. Jakarta: Kencana Prenada Media Group.
Published
2026-06-12
How to Cite
Nur Ikhlas, Risnawati, & Alfiah. (2026). The Influence of Parenting Styles and Social Environment on Adolescent Morality in Parit Baru, Kampar . International Journal of Education, Vocational and Social Science , 5(03), 903-922. https://doi.org/10.63922/ijevss.v5i03.4219
Contact Person +6282139474255
Email : ijevss@citakonsultindo.or.id / editor.ijevss@gmail.com
