Assessing the Local Civil Services Influencing Human Development in Cambodia: Good Governance and Its Relationship with Economic Growth
Keywords:
Local Civil Services, Human Development, Good Governance. Economic Growth
Abstract
The foundation of public policy is the advancement of human prosperity on local administration. This work investigates the relationship between local public service quality and human development results. It deviates from previous studies that mostly focus on general indicators of good governance and their connection to economic expansion. Rather of focusing only on economic growth, this study isolates local civil service quality as a sub-component of good governance and investigates its relationship with human development. In particular, it assesses how human development is influenced by impartiality and meritocratic employment in the local public sector—two fundamental components of local civil service quality. Targeted samples were collected from 5-targeted District Administration with various provinces in Cambodia. Also, data were adapted and summarized from the Varieties of Democracy Indictors, the Worldwide Governance Indicators, and the World Development Indicators in order to supplement with the real data. Collected data were analyzed by using descriptive and inferential statistics via SPSS program. And, a two-way fixed effects model is used in analyzing the data. The findings show that, even when concentrating on the non-income aspects of human development, higher levels of local public service impartiality are consistently linked to higher levels of human development. In settings with lower levels of development, this correlation is stronger. Because estimations are only meaningful at lower stages of human development, the association is weaker for meritocratic employment. This study directly affects whether public administration strengthening should be given top priority in development programs as a way to promote human development in local administration in Cambodia.
References
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Kraipornsak, P. (2018). Good governance and economic growth: An investigation of Thailand and selected Asian countries. Eurasian Journal of Economics and Finance, 6(1), 93–106. https://doi.org/10.15604/ejef.2018.06.01.009
Mahran, H. A. (2022). The impact of governance on economic growth: Spatial econometric approach. Journal of Humanities and Applied Social Sciences, 4(1), 37–56. https://www.emerald.com/insight/2631-3561.htm
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Ahmad, Z., & Saleem, A. (2014). Impact of governance on human development. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social Sciences, 8(3), 612–628.
Al-Naser, M., & Hamdan, A. (2021). The impact of public governance on economic growth: Evidence from Gulf Cooperation Council countries. Economics and Sociology, 14(2), 85–110. https://doi.org/10.14254/2071-789X.2021/14-2/5
Akinbode, S. O., Olabisi, J., Adegbite, R. R., Aderemi, T. A., & Alawode, A. M. (2020). Corruption, government effectiveness and human development in Sub-Saharan Africa. Journal for the Advancement of Developing Economies, 9(1), 16–34. https://doi.org/10.32873/unl.dc.jade912
Azam, M. (2022). Governance and economic growth: Evidence from 14 Latin America and Caribbean countries. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 13, 1470–1495. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-021-00781-2
Bloom, D. E., Khoury, A., Kufenko, V., & Prettner, K. (2020). Spurring economic growth through human development: Research results and guidance for policymakers (PGDA Working Paper No. 183). Program on the Global Demography of Aging, Harvard University. https://content.sph.harvard.edu/wwwhsph/sites/1288/2020/02/183_Spurring-economic-growth-through-human-development_feb2020.pdf
Chong, A., & Calderón, C. (2000). Causality and feedback between institutional measures and economic growth. Economics and Politics, 12(1), 69–82.
Coppedge, M., Gerring, J., Knutsen, C. H., Lindberg, S. I., Teorell, J., Altman, D., Angiolillo, F., Bernhard, M., Cornell, A., Fish, M. S., Fox, L., Gastaldi, L., Gjerløw, H., Glynn, A., Good God, A., Grahn, S., Hicken, A., Kinzelbach, K., Marquardt, K. L., McMann, K., Mechkova, V., Neundorf, A., Paxton, P., Pemstein, D., von Römer, J., Seim, B., Sigman, R., Skaaning, S.-E., Staton, J., Sundström, A., Tannenberg, M., Tzelgov, E., Wang, Y., Wiebrecht, F., Wig, T., & Ziblatt, D. (2025). V-Dem codebook v15. Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Project. https://www.v-dem.net/documents/55/codebook.pdf
Cornell, A., Knutsen, C. H., & Teorell, J. (2020). Bureaucracy and growth. Comparative Political Studies, 53(14), 2246–2282. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010414020912262
Daliri, H. (2023). The role of good governance in economic growth: Evidence from income groups. Iranian Journal of Economic Studies, 12(2), 345–368. https://ijes.shirazu.ac.ir
Dellepiane-Avellaneda, S. (2009). Good governance, institutions and economic development: Beyond the conventional wisdom. British Journal of Political Science, 40, 195–224. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0007123409990287
Demmers, J., Fernandez Jilberto, A. E., & Hogenboom, B. (Eds.). (2017). Good governance in the era of global neoliberalism: Conflict and depolitisation in Latin America, Eastern Europe, Asia and Africa. Routledge. (Original work published 2004).
Djankov, S., McLiesh, C., & Ramalho, R. M. (2006). Regulation and growth. Economics Letters, 92(3), 395–401. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.econlet.2006.03.021
Evans, P., & Rauch, J. E. (1999). Bureaucracy and growth: A cross-national analysis of the effects of Weberian state structures on economic growth. American Sociological Review, 64(5), 748–765. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2657374
Glaeser, E. L., La Porta, R., Lopez-de-Silanes, F., & Shleifer, A. (2004). Do institutions cause growth? Journal of Economic Growth, 9(3), 271–303. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEG.0000038933.16398.ed
Grinin, L., Ilyin, I., & Korotayev, A. (Eds.). (2014). Globalistics and globalization studies: Aspects & dimensions of global views. Uchitel Publishing House. https://www.ssoar.info/ssoar/handle/document/58923
Gupta, S., Clements, B., Baldacci, E., & Mulas-Granados, C. (2002). Expenditure composition, fiscal adjustment, and growth in low-income countries (IMF Working Paper No. 02/77). International Monetary Fund. https://www.imf.org/en/-/media/websites/imf/imported-full- text-pdf/external/pubs/ft/wp/2002/_wp0277.pdf
Halleröd, B., Rothstein, B., Daoud, A., & Nandy, S. (2013). Bad governance and poor children: A comparative analysis of government efficiency and severe child deprivation in 68 low- and middle-income countries. World Development, 48, 19–31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2013.03.007
Haque, F., & Farid, S. B. (2025). The impact of GDP growth on infant mortality reduction: Statistical analysis over 20 years in 30 countries. American Journal of Interdisciplinary Research and Innovation, 4(2), 7–16. https://doi.org/10.54536/ajiri.v4i2.4147
Hausmann, R., Rodrik, D., & Velasco, A. (2005). Growth diagnostics (Growth Lab Working Paper). Harvard University, Kennedy School of Government.
Henderson, J., Hulme, D., Jalilian, H., & Phillips, R. (2007). Bureaucratic effects: Weberian state agencies and poverty reduction. Sociology, 41(3), 515–532. https://www.jstor.org/stable/42857010
Kaufmann, D., & Kraay, A. (2024). The worldwide governance indicators: Methodology and 2024 update (Policy Research Working Paper No. 10952). World Bank, Office of the Chief Economist, Prosperity Practice Group. https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/099005210162424110/pdf/IDU-7c6f0b9e-f0c2- 4b1d-b30d-76c4644af69e.pdf
Keser, A., & Gökmen, Y. (2018). Governance and human development: The impacts of governance indicators on human development. Journal of Public Administration and Governance, 8(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.5296/jpag.v8i1.12336
Khouya, M., & Benabdelhadi, A. (2020). Good governance and its impact on economic development: A systematic literature review. International Journal of Accounting, Finance, Auditing, Management and Economics, 1(1), 47–67. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3936217
Kolvani, P., & Nistotskaya, M. (2025). On mechanisms of meritocratic recruitment: Competence and impartiality. Journal of Institutional Economics, 21, e12. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1744137425000086
Kraipornsak, P. (2018). Good governance and economic growth: An investigation of Thailand and selected Asian countries. Eurasian Journal of Economics and Finance, 6(1), 93–106. https://doi.org/10.15604/ejef.2018.06.01.009
Mahran, H. A. (2022). The impact of governance on economic growth: Spatial econometric approach. Journal of Humanities and Applied Social Sciences, 4(1), 37–56. https://www.emerald.com/insight/2631-3561.htm
Markovitz, I. L. (1976). Bureaucratic development and economic growth. The Journal of Modern African Studies, 14(2), 183–200. https://www.jstor.org/stable/160056
Mauro, P. (1995). Corruption and growth. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110(3), 681– 712. https://www.jstor.org/stable/2946696
Nistotskaya, M., & Cingolani, L. (2016). Bureaucratic structure, regulatory quality, and entrepreneurship in a comparative perspective: Cross-sectional and panel data evidence. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 26(3), 519–534. https://doi.org/10.1093/jopart/muv026
Nord, M., Altman, D., Angiolillo, F., Fernandes, T., Good God, A., & Lindberg, S. I. (2025). Democracy report 2025: 25 years of autocratization – Democracy trumped? V-Dem Institute, University of Gothenburg.
North, D. C. (1990). Institutions, institutional change and economic performance. Cambridge University Press.
Nussbaum, M. C. (2000). Women and human development: The capabilities approach. Cambridge University Press.
Omri, A., & Ben Mabrouk, N. (2020). Good governance for sustainable development goals: Getting ahead of the pack or falling behind? Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 83, Article 106388. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eiar.2020.106388
Osmani, S. R. (2016). The capability approach and human development: Some reflections. Human Development Report Office, United Nations Development Programme. https://hdr.undp.org/system/files/documents/osmanitemplate.pdf
Pere, E. (2015). Impact of good governance on the economic development of Western Balkan countries. European Journal of Government and Economics, 4(1), 25–45. https://doi.org/10.17979/ejge.2015.4.1.4305
Prasad, M., & Zaloznaya, M. (2021). Bureaucratic quality and social development. Sociology of Development, 7(3), 231–252. https://doi.org/10.1525/sod.2019.0023
Ranis, G., Stewart, F., & Ramirez, A. (2000). Economic growth and human development. World Development, 28(2), 197–219. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0305-750X(99)00131-X
Rajkumar, A. S., & Swaroop, V. (2008). Public spending and outcomes: Does governance matter? Journal of Development Economics, 86(1), 96–111. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdeveco.2007.08.003
RGC (Royal Government of Cambodia. (2023). Pentagonal strategy-phase I for growth, employment, equity and efficiency: Building the foundation toward realizing the Cambodia vision 2050. [Online] Available: http://cdc-crdb.gov.kh/en/strategy/ documents/Pentagonal-Strategy PhaseI__English__24.08.2023.pdf
Rodrik, D., Subramanian, A., & Trebbi, F. (2004). Institutions rule: The primacy of institutions over geography and integration in economic development. Journal of Economic Growth, 9(2), 131–165. https://doi.org/10.1023/B:JOEG.0000031425.72248.85
Rothstein, B., & Teorell, J. (2008). What is quality of government? A theory of impartial government institutions. Governance, 21(2), 165–190. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468- 0491.2008.00391
Sen, A. (1985). Commodities and capabilities. Elsevier Science Publishers.
Sen, A. (1999/2015). Development as freedom. In J. T. Roberts, A. B. Hite, & N. Chorev (Eds.), The globalization and development reader: Perspectives on development and global change (2nd ed., pp. 525–548). Wiley-Blackwell.
Stemmler, H., Baah, S. K. T., Genoni, M. E., & Lakner, C. (2024, October 24). The polycrisis behind a lost decade of poverty reduction. World Bank Blogs. https://blogs.worldbank.org/en/opendata/the-polycrisis-behind-a-lost-decade-of-poverty- reduction
Tripathi, R. (2017). Good governance: Origin, importance and development in India. International Journal of Development Research, 7(11), 16968–16970.
United Nations. (2025). Goal 1: End poverty in all its forms everywhere. United Nations Statistics Division. https://unstats.un.org/sdgs/report/2025/goal-01/
Weiss, T. G. (2000). Governance, good governance and global governance: Conceptual and actual challenges. Third World Quarterly, 21(5), 795–814. https://www.jstor.org/stable/3993619
World Bank. (n.d.). Global Financial Development DataBank. World Bank. https://databank.worldbank.org/source/global-financial-development
World Bank. (1992). Governance and development. http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/604951468739447676
World Bank. (n.d.). Logistics Performance Index (LPI). World Bank. https://lpi.worldbank.org/ World Bank. (2002). World development report 2002: Building institutions for markets. http://hdl.handle.net/10986/5984
World Bank. (2025). Worldwide Governance Indicators. https://www.worldbank.org/en/publication/worldwide-governance-indicators
Published
2026-06-14
How to Cite
Ouk, S., Sarom Mok, Sarin Chey, & Chivin Chuon. (2026). Assessing the Local Civil Services Influencing Human Development in Cambodia: Good Governance and Its Relationship with Economic Growth. International Journal of Education, Vocational and Social Science , 5(03), 1170-1188. https://doi.org/10.63922/ijevss.v5i03.4292
Contact Person +6282139474255
Email : ijevss@citakonsultindo.or.id / editor.ijevss@gmail.com
