Analysis of Increasing Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) Through Renewable Energy Integration in Data Center Electrical Systems

Muhammad Daffa Alrifqi; Yuli Kurnia  Ningsih; Henry  Candra

doi:10.63922/ijevss.v5i03.4333

Muhammad Daffa Alrifqi Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia
Yuli Kurnia Ningsih Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia
Henry Candra Universitas Trisakti, Jakarta, Indonesia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.63922/ijevss.v5i03.4333

Keywords: Data Center, Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE), Renewable Energy Integration, Electrical Infrastructure Optimization

Abstract

The rapid growth of digital technologies, including cloud computing, artificial intelligence, and big data analytics, has significantly increased the demand for data center infrastructure, resulting in higher energy consumption and environmental concerns. This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of electrical infrastructure optimization and renewable energy integration in reducing Power Usage Effectiveness (PUE) within mission-critical data centers. A quantitative explanatory approach was employed using Single Line Diagram (SLD)-based analysis as the primary source of technical data. Electrical specifications, including transformer efficiency, Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) performance, power distribution systems, and cooling plant characteristics, were extracted and analyzed to estimate facility energy losses and baseline operational efficiency. Simulation modeling was then conducted to assess the impact of renewable energy integration under various penetration scenarios while maintaining system stability and reliability. The findings indicate that cooling systems, UPS modules, and transformer losses represent the major contributors to non-IT energy consumption. The baseline analysis produced a PUE value of 1.67, whereas the implementation of renewable energy integration combined with electrical infrastructure optimization reduced the PUE value to 1.47, representing an improvement of approximately 12%. In addition, renewable energy penetration significantly reduced dependence on grid electricity and lowered estimated carbon emissions without compromising operational continuity. The study demonstrates that SLD-based electrical analysis provides a practical and cost-effective framework for evaluating energy efficiency and renewable energy readiness in data centers. These findings contribute to the development of sustainable digital infrastructure aligned with energy transition goals, ESG principles, and long-term carbon reduction strategies.

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