The Interaction of Problem Based Learning Assisted by Manipulative Media and Mathematical Disposition on the Computational Thinking Ability of Elementary School Students
Keywords:
Computational Thinking, Problem Based Learning, Manipulative Media, Mathematical Disposition.
Abstract
Computational thinking ability is one of the 21st-century skills that needs to be developed since elementary school. This study aims to analyze the interaction between Problem Based Learning (PBL) assisted by manipulative media and mathematical disposition on the computational thinking ability of elementary school students. The study used a quantitative method with a quasi-experimental 2×2 treatment by level design using a posttest-only control group design. The research sample consisted of 128 fifth-grade elementary school students in Tamansari District, Bogor Regency, selected through a cluster random sampling technique. The analysis was conducted on 70 students who were grouped into high and low mathematical dispositions using the extreme group technique of the top 27% and bottom 27%. Data were collected through a computational thinking ability test and a mathematical disposition questionnaire, then analyzed using two-way ANOVA and followed by the Tukey Post Hoc test. The results of the study showed that there was a significant interaction between the learning model and mathematical disposition on students' computational thinking ability (p < 0.001). Students with high mathematical disposition obtained better computational thinking ability through PBL assisted by manipulative media compared to the expository model. Conversely, for students with low mathematical disposition, the expository model provided better results. These findings indicate that the selection of a learning model needs to consider students' mathematical disposition.
References
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Agustini, N. P. D. S., Agustika, G. N. S., & Alit, K. (2025). The Effect of Problem Based Learning Model on Computational Thinking Ability of Fifth Grade Elementary School Students.
Aho, A. V. (2012). Computation and computational thinking. Computer Journal, 55(7), 833–835. https://doi.org/10.1093/comjnl/bxs074
Alim, J. A., Hermita, N., Fendrik, M., & Oktaviani, C. (2022). Pengaruh Penggunaan Media Audible Books Terhadap Kemampuan Computation Thinking Siswa Di Sekolah Dasar. AKSIOMA: Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika, 11(4), 3727–3735.
Arends, R. (2012). LEARNING TO TEACH, NINTH EDITION (9th ed.). McGraw-Hill.
Aunurrahim, M., & Madani, F. (2024). ANALISIS KEMAMPUAN BERPIKIR KOMPUTASI SISWA KELAS V SEKOLAH DASAR DITINJAU DARI KECEMASAN MATEMATIKA. … Seminar Nasional Pendidikan …. https://e-journal.unmas.ac.id/index.php/Prosemnaspmatematika/article/view/8881
Barr, V. (2011). Bringing computational thinking to K-12: What is involved and what is the role of the computer science education community? ACM Inroads, 2(1), 48–54. https://doi.org/10.1145/1929887.1929905
Djaali. (2020). METODOLOGI PENELITIAN KUANTITAIF (B. S. Fatmawati (ed.); 1st ed.). Bumi Aksara.
Farhana, S., Amaliyah, A., Safitri, A., & Anggraeni, R. (2022). Analisis persiapan guru dalam pembelajaran media manipulatif matematika di sekolah dasar. Matematika, 1(5).
Findell, B., Swafford, J., & Kilpatrick, J. (2001). Adding it up: Helping children learn mathematics. National Academies Press.
Gao, X., & Hew, K. F. (2022). Toward a 5E-based flipped classroom model for teaching computational thinking in elementary school: Effects on student computational thinking and problem-solving …. Journal of Educational Computing …. https://doi.org/10.1177/07356331211037757
Hafifah, D. N., Marini, A., & Yurniwati, Y. (2026). The Effect of Integrated Problem-Based Learning with Multiple Representations on Elementary School Students’ Computational Thinking Skills in Mathematics. EduBase: Journal of Basic Education, 7(1), 52–60.
Hariyani, L., Yurniwati, Y., & Utami, A. D. (2024). The Effect Of Discovery Learning In Mathematics Learning On Computational Thinking In Terms Of Self-Regulated Learning (Srl) In Student. Jurnal Elementaria Edukasia, 7(2), 2801–2814.
Hendriko, N., Syafriandi, S., Armiati, A., & Jamaan, E. Z. (2024). PRAKTIKALITAS E-MODUL BERBASIS PROBLEM BASED LEARNING UNTUK MENINGKATKAN KEMAMPUAN PEMECAHAN MASALAH MATEMATIS SISWA. AKSIOMA: Jurnal Program Studi Pendidikan Matematika, 13(3), 870–884.
Hmelo-Silver, C. E. (2004). Problem-based learning: What and how do students learn? Educational Psychology Review, 16(3), 235–266.
Hmelo-Silver, C. E., & Barrows, H. S. (2006). Goals and strategies of a problem-based learning facilitator. Interdisciplinary Journal of Problem-Based Learning, 1(1), 4.
Huda, N., & Syafmen, W. (2021). The Relationship between Students’ Mathematical Disposition and Their Learning Outcomes. Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn), 15(3), 376–382.
Hutajulu, M., Wijaya, T. T., & Hidayat, W. (2019). The effect of mathematical disposition and learning motivation on problem solving: an analysis. Infinity Journal, 8(2), 229–238.
Indonesia, B. (2024). Bebras Indonesia. https://bebras.or.id/v3/
Jupriyanto, J., Sari, Y., & Mukti, F. D. (n.d.). Enhancing elementary students’ computational thinking through problem-based learning in science education. DWIJA CENDEKIA: Jurnal Riset Pedagogik, 10(1), 29–40.
Kadir. (2018). Statistika Terapan Konsep, Contoh dan Analisis Data dengan Program SPSS/Lisrel dalam Penelitian (3rd ed.). Rajawali Pers.
Kementerian Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah. (2025). Pembelajaran koding dan kecerdasan artifisial: Pada pendidikan dasar dan menengah. In T. K. P. K. dan Pembelajaran (Ed.), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences (Vol. 3, Issue 1, pp. 1–15). Pusat Kurikulum dan Pembelajaran & Pusat Standar dan Kebijakan Pendidikan Badan Standar, Kurikulum, dan Asesmen Pendidikan Kementerian Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah Republik Indonesia. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2015.06.056%0Ahttps://academic.oup.com/bioinformatics/article-abstract/34/13/2201/4852827%0Ainternal-pdf://semisupervised-3254828305/semisupervised.ppt%0Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.str.2013.02.005%0Ahttp://dx.doi.org/10.10
Marbán, J. M. (2016). Matemáticas y dominio afectivo. Investigación En Educación Matemática XX, 69–74.
Moyer, P. S. (2001). Are we having fun yet? How teachers use manipulatives to teach mathematics. Educational Studies in Mathematics, 47(2), 175–197.
Muthmainnah, A., Pertiwi, A. D., & Rustini, T. (2023). Peran Guru Dalam Mengembangkan Keterampilan Abad 21 Siswa Sekolah Dasar. Jurnal Ilmiah Wahana Pendidikan, 9(4), 41–48.
Noh, J. (2020). Effects of robotics programming on the computational thinking and creativity of elementary school students. Educational Technology Research and Development, 68(1), 463–484. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11423-019-09708-w
Noviyanti, N., Yuniarti, Y., & Lestari, T. (2023). Pengaruh pembelajaran berdiferensiasi terhadap kemampuan computational thinking siswa sekolah dasar. In Prima Magistra: Jurnal Ilmiah Kependidikan. http://e-journal.uniflor.ac.id/index.php/JPM/article/download/2806/1811
Nurhasanah, F. A., Yurniwati, Y., & Zakiah, L. (2025). Implementasi Model Discovery Learning berbantuan Media manipulative untuk meningkatkan Kemampuan Berpikir Spasial siswa dalam Pembelajaran Matematika di Sekolah Dasar. Social, Humanities, and Educational Studies (SHES): Conference Series, 8(3).
Papert, S. (1980). Computers for children. Mindstorms: Children, Computers, and Powerful Ideas, 3–18.
Prasetyo, Y., Yurniwati, Y., & Nurjannah, N. (2025). Pengaruh Model Pembelajaran Flipped Problem Based Learning Terhadap Kemampuan Berpikir Kritis Siswa. Cetta: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 8(1), 183–194.
Rahayu, R., Lyesmaya, D., & ... (2023). Analisis Kemampuan Berpikir Komputasi Siswa Sekolah Dasar Berbasis Bebras Task. Pendas: Jurnal Ilmiah …. https://journal.unpas.ac.id/index.php/pendas/article/view/7079
Sanapiah, S., & Aziz, L. A. (2021). Analisis kemampuan computational thinking mahasiswa dalam menyelesaikan masalah matematika. Media Pendidikan Matematika, 9(1), 34–42.
Silva, R., Fonseca, B., Costa, C., & Martins, F. (2021). Fostering computational thinking skills: A didactic proposal for elementary school grades. Education Sciences, 11(9), 518.
Tan, O. S. (2002). Problem-based learning: More problems for teacher education.
Torp, L., & Sage, S. (1998). Problems as possibilities: Problem-based learning for K-12 education. Ascd.
Trilling, B., & Fadel, C. (2009). 21st century skills: Learning for life in our times. John Wiley & Sons.
Weintrop, D. (2016). Defining Computational Thinking for Mathematics and Science Classrooms. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 25(1), 127–147. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10956-015-9581-5
Wing, J. M. (2006). Computational thinking. In Communications of the ACM (Vol. 49, Issue 3, pp. 33–35). https://doi.org/10.1145/1118178.1118215
Published
2026-06-24
How to Cite
Suherman, L. A., Yurniwati, & Nurjannah. (2026). The Interaction of Problem Based Learning Assisted by Manipulative Media and Mathematical Disposition on the Computational Thinking Ability of Elementary School Students. International Journal of Education, Vocational and Social Science , 5(03), 2554-2569. https://doi.org/10.63922/ijevss.v5i03.4376
Contact Person +6282139474255
Email : ijevss@citakonsultindo.or.id / editor.ijevss@gmail.com
