Implementation of TPACK in Improving The Competence of Early Childhood Teachers in Sukabumi City
(Study on PAUD in Sukabumi City)
Keywords:
Keywords: TPACK, Teacher Competence, Early Childhood Teachers, Learning Technology, Early Childhood Education.
Abstract
Abstract
This study aims to analyze the influence of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) on the competence of Early Childhood Education (PAUD) teachers in Sukabumi City. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. The research sample consisted of 165 PAUD teachers spread across seven sub-districts in Sukabumi City, which were selected using the proportional random sampling technique. Data collection was carried out through questionnaires and limited interviews as supporting data. The data was analyzed using simple linear regression analysis with the help of the SPSS program. The results of the study show that the level of TPACK mastery of PAUD teachers is in the high to very high category. The results showed that TPACK had a positive and significant effect on the competence of PAUD teachers, with an effect of 75.5%. The findings of the study also reveal that the main obstacle in the implementation of TPACK lies in the aspect of Technological Pedagogical Knowledge (TPK), where technology is still used technically and has not been integrated pedagogically in accordance with the characteristics of early childhood learning. Thus, it can be concluded that mastery of TPACK is an important factor in improving the competence of PAUD teachers, but there is still a need to strengthen the aspects of technology integration and pedagogy so that technology-based learning can take place more effectively and meaningfully.
References
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Al-Huwaida, T. I., & Efendi, F. R. (2024). A Systematic Literature Review of TPACK Implementation in Indonesian Language Education for the Digital Era.
Altun, D. (2019). Investigating Pre-Service Early Childhood Education Teachers’ Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) Competencies Regarding Digital Literacy Skills and Their Technology Attitudes and Usage. Journal of Education and Learning, 8(1), 249. https://doi.org/10.5539/jel.v8n1p249
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Arikunto, S. (2016). Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktek. Rineka Cipta.
Astari, & Yulianto, D. (2025). A Bridging the Digital Divide in Education: Disparities in Google Classroom Utilization and Technical Challenges among Urban and Rural Teachers. Journal of Education Technology, 9(2), 258–270. https://doi.org/10.23887/jet.v9i2.92897
Bintang, D. W. P., Pertiwi, A. D., & Azainil, A. (2024). Analisis Penggunaan Teknologi pada Proses Pembelajaran di PAUD. Aulad: Journal on Early Childhood, 7(3), 873–884. https://doi.org/10.31004/aulad.v7i3.810
Fuada, Z., Soepriyanto, Y., & Susilaningsih. (2020). Analisis Kemampuan Technological Content Knowledge (TCK) Pada Mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar. JKTP Jurnal Kajian Teknologi Pendidikan, 3(3), 251–261. https://doi.org/10.17977/um038v3i32020p251
Ghozali, I. (2016). Aplikasi Analisis Multivariete Dengan Program IBM SPSS 23 (8th ed.). Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Hardiyanti, W. E., & Alwi, N. M. (2022). Analisis Kemampuan Literasi Digital Guru PAUD pada Masa Pandemik COVID-19. Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 6(4), 3759–3770. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v6i4.1657
Hasanah, I. (2024). Pendidikan Karakter pada Anak Usia Dini: Fondasi Penting dalam Pembentukan Pribadi. 1(2), 42–54. https://journal.stai-almujtama.ac.id/index.php/abatatsa/index
Isti’ana, A. (2024). Integrasi Teknologi dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Islam. In Indonesian Research Journal on Education (Vol. 4).
Koehler, M. J., & Mishra, P. (2005). What Happens When Teachers Design Educational Technology? The Development of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge. In J. EDUCATIONAL COMPUTING RESEARCH (Vol. 32, Number 2).
Koehler, M. J., Mishra, P., & Cain, W. (2013). What is Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK)? Journal of Education, 193(3), 13–19.
Kunandar. (2011). Evaluating Program of Curriculum Development and Implementation at School. Jurnal Evaluasi Pendidikan, 2(2), 171–181. https://doi.org/10.21009/JEP
Kunandar. (2015). Penilaian Autentik (Penilaian Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Berdasarkan Kurikulum 2013). PT Raja Grafindo Persada.
Kurniah, N., Agustriana, N., & Sapri, J. (2023). Integration of Scientific Literacy and Technology in Designing Early Childhood Learning. Indonesian Journal of Early Childhood Education Studies, 12(2), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.15294/ijeces.v12i2.75634
Li, J., & Bai, B. (2025). Profiling TPACK in early childhood education: A multilevel latent profile analysis of teachers and preschools. Education and Information Technologies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-025-13800-5
Maisarah, M., Prasetya, C., & Sari, C. K. (2025). Analisis Kebutuhan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis TPACK Pada Kognitif Sains Anak. Jurnal Raudhah, 13(1), 117–125. http://jurnaltarbiyah.uinsu.ac.id/index.php/raudhah
Mulyasa, H., & Dyah Aryani, W. (2017). Developing Religious Culture In School. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 6, 7. www.ijstr.org
Murtafiah, M., Sumantri, M. S., & Dhieni, N. (2022). Pembinaan Berkelanjutan Profesional Guru PAUD melalui Program Microlearning dengan Pendekatan TPACK (Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge) dalam Kurikulum Bermain. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31004/jptam.v6i2.4018
Niess, M. L., & Gillow-Wiles, H. (2017). Expanding teachers’ technological pedagogical reasoning with a systems pedagogical approach. In Australasian Journal of Educational Technology (Number 3).
Nurhayani, N., Yuanita, S. K. S., Permana, A. I., & Eliza, D. (2022). TPACK (Technological, Pedagogical, and Content Knowledge) untuk Peningkatan Profesionalisme Guru PAUD. Jurnal Basicedu, 6(1), 179–190. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v6i1.1852
Obos, A. I., Aridah, A., & Rusmawaty, D. (2023). Transition to Online Learning: Implementing the TPACK Framework by English Teachers due to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Education and Teaching (JET), 4(1), 20–34. https://doi.org/10.51454/jet.v4i1.199
Qayyum, A., Bukahri, M., Zulfiqar, P., & Ramzan, M. (2024). Balancing Artificial Intelligence and Human Insight in Early Childhood Education: Implications for Child Development. Social Science Review Archives, 2(2), 1520–1536. https://policyjournalofms.comID:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0510-1818,drabdulqayyum@uoj.edu.pk
Ren, X., Chano, J., & Saihong, P. (2025). Developing a TPACK-based Course to Promote the Pre-service Preschool Teachers’ Instructional Design Competence. Higher Education Studies, 15(2), 37. https://doi.org/10.5539/hes.v15n2p37
Sakti, Ri., & Eliza, D. (2022). Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kesiapan Guru Untuk Pembelajaran Online di PAUD: Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK). PELANGI: Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Penelitian Islam Anak Usia Dini, 4(2), 357–372. https://doi.org/10.52266/pelangi.v4i1.763
Sanjaya, H. W. (2016). Media komunikasi pembelajaran. Prenada Media.
Saputri, E. R. I., Hendrowibowo, L., Sholikhah, E., Raharjo, A. S., & Sidik, F. (2023). Praktik transformasi kompetensi guru dalam menjawab kebutuhan siswa menghadapi tantangan global (Studi kasus sekolah Taman Kanak-kanak di Kulonprogo). Humanika, 23(1), 81–90. https://doi.org/10.21831/hum.v23i1.59258
Sari, D. R., Sujinah, S., & Fatin, I. (2024). Persepsi Guru PPG terhadap Integrasi TPACK dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia. BELAJAR BAHASA: Jurnal Ilmiah Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia, 7(1), 106–119. https://doi.org/10.32528/bb.v9i1.1734
Schmid, M., Brianza, E., Mok, S. Y., & Petko, D. (2024). Running in circles: A systematic review of reviews on technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK). Computers and Education, 214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2024.105024
Schmidt, D. A., Baran, E., Thompson, A. D., Mishra, P., Koehler, M. J., & Shin, T. S. (2009). Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK): The Development and Validation of an Assessment Instrument for Preservice Teachers. In Journal of Research on Technology in Education (Vol. 123). www.iste.org.
Sholeh, M. I., & Efendi, N. (2023). Integrasi Teknologi dalam Manajemen Pendidikan Islam: Meningkatkan Kinerja Guru di Era Digital. Jurnal Tinta, 5(2), 104–126. https://doi.org/10.24042/atjpi.v8i1.2095
Shulman, L. S. (1987). Knowledge and Teaching: Foundations of the New Reform. Harvard Educational Review, 57(1), 1–22.
Silvester, S., Sumarni, M. L., & Saputro, T. V. D. (2024). Pengaruh Kompetensi Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) terhadap Keterampilan Guru dalam Mengimplemtasikan Pembelajaran Berbasis Digital. In Journal of Education Research (Vol. 5, Number 4).
Sole, F. B., & Anggraeni, D. M. (2018). Inovasi Pembelajaran Elektronik dan Tantangan Guru Abad 21. Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengkajian Ilmu Pendidikan: E-Saintika, 2(1), 10–18.
Sugiyono. (2025). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R dan D. Alfabeta.
Sumantri, M. S., Fadillah, S., Putri, A. A., & Novitasari, Y. (2023). Pelatihan Implementasi Pendekatan Tpack Melalui Pembelajaran Proyek untuk Merdeka Belajar di PAUD. Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 4(1), 1–5. https://ejournal.unib.ac.id/index.php/abdipaud/index
Utomo, S. B., Pujowati, Y., & Utami, E. Y. (2024). Analisis Kebijakan Pemerintah, Bantuan Modal, dan Pelatihan Kewirausahaan Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bisnis pada Komunitas UMKM di Jawa Timur. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Kewirausahaan West Science, 2(2), 146–156.
Widiastuti, W., Ani, Y., & Munthe, A. P. (2019). Pengembangan Diri Sebagai Fasilitator Belajar pada Program Education di Sentul Bogor (Vol. 2).
Yang, T., & Dong, C. (2024). What influences teachers’ implementation of ICT in early childhood education? A qualitative exploration based on an ecological-TPACK framework. Computers and Education Open, 7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2024.100228
Aldalalah, O. M. A., Wardat, Y., Al-Omari, A. A. H., & Khodair, R. M. (2025). The effectiveness of interactive digital content based on the TPACK model in developing the skills of educational aids production and improving cognitive achievement among early childhood university students. Contemporary Educational Technology, 17(2). https://doi.org/10.30935/cedtech/16046
Al-Huwaida, T. I., & Efendi, F. R. (2024). A Systematic Literature Review of TPACK Implementation in Indonesian Language Education for the Digital Era.
Altun, D. (2019). Investigating Pre-Service Early Childhood Education Teachers’ Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) Competencies Regarding Digital Literacy Skills and Their Technology Attitudes and Usage. Journal of Education and Learning, 8(1), 249. https://doi.org/10.5539/jel.v8n1p249
Anih, E. (2016). Modernisasi Pembelajaran di Perguruan Tinggi Berbasis Teknologi Informasi dan Komunikasi. Judika: Jurnal Pendidikan Unsika, 4(2), 185–196. http://journal.unsika.ac.id/index.php/judika
Anisa, N. (2025). Problematika Guru Pendidikan Agama Islam (PAI) Dalam Penggunaan Model Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (Tpack) di SMPN 42 Rejang Lebong.
Arikunto, S. (2016). Prosedur Penelitian Suatu Pendekatan Praktek. Rineka Cipta.
Astari, & Yulianto, D. (2025). A Bridging the Digital Divide in Education: Disparities in Google Classroom Utilization and Technical Challenges among Urban and Rural Teachers. Journal of Education Technology, 9(2), 258–270. https://doi.org/10.23887/jet.v9i2.92897
Bintang, D. W. P., Pertiwi, A. D., & Azainil, A. (2024). Analisis Penggunaan Teknologi pada Proses Pembelajaran di PAUD. Aulad: Journal on Early Childhood, 7(3), 873–884. https://doi.org/10.31004/aulad.v7i3.810
Fuada, Z., Soepriyanto, Y., & Susilaningsih. (2020). Analisis Kemampuan Technological Content Knowledge (TCK) Pada Mahasiswa Program Studi Pendidikan Guru Sekolah Dasar. JKTP Jurnal Kajian Teknologi Pendidikan, 3(3), 251–261. https://doi.org/10.17977/um038v3i32020p251
Ghozali, I. (2016). Aplikasi Analisis Multivariete Dengan Program IBM SPSS 23 (8th ed.). Badan Penerbit Universitas Diponegoro.
Hardiyanti, W. E., & Alwi, N. M. (2022). Analisis Kemampuan Literasi Digital Guru PAUD pada Masa Pandemik COVID-19. Jurnal Obsesi : Jurnal Pendidikan Anak Usia Dini, 6(4), 3759–3770. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v6i4.1657
Hasanah, I. (2024). Pendidikan Karakter pada Anak Usia Dini: Fondasi Penting dalam Pembentukan Pribadi. 1(2), 42–54. https://journal.stai-almujtama.ac.id/index.php/abatatsa/index
Isti’ana, A. (2024). Integrasi Teknologi dalam Pembelajaran Pendidikan Islam. In Indonesian Research Journal on Education (Vol. 4).
Koehler, M. J., & Mishra, P. (2005). What Happens When Teachers Design Educational Technology? The Development of Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge. In J. EDUCATIONAL COMPUTING RESEARCH (Vol. 32, Number 2).
Koehler, M. J., Mishra, P., & Cain, W. (2013). What is Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK)? Journal of Education, 193(3), 13–19.
Kunandar. (2011). Evaluating Program of Curriculum Development and Implementation at School. Jurnal Evaluasi Pendidikan, 2(2), 171–181. https://doi.org/10.21009/JEP
Kunandar. (2015). Penilaian Autentik (Penilaian Hasil Belajar Peserta Didik Berdasarkan Kurikulum 2013). PT Raja Grafindo Persada.
Kurniah, N., Agustriana, N., & Sapri, J. (2023). Integration of Scientific Literacy and Technology in Designing Early Childhood Learning. Indonesian Journal of Early Childhood Education Studies, 12(2), 204–210. https://doi.org/10.15294/ijeces.v12i2.75634
Li, J., & Bai, B. (2025). Profiling TPACK in early childhood education: A multilevel latent profile analysis of teachers and preschools. Education and Information Technologies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-025-13800-5
Maisarah, M., Prasetya, C., & Sari, C. K. (2025). Analisis Kebutuhan Media Pembelajaran Berbasis TPACK Pada Kognitif Sains Anak. Jurnal Raudhah, 13(1), 117–125. http://jurnaltarbiyah.uinsu.ac.id/index.php/raudhah
Mulyasa, H., & Dyah Aryani, W. (2017). Developing Religious Culture In School. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 6, 7. www.ijstr.org
Murtafiah, M., Sumantri, M. S., & Dhieni, N. (2022). Pembinaan Berkelanjutan Profesional Guru PAUD melalui Program Microlearning dengan Pendekatan TPACK (Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge) dalam Kurikulum Bermain. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31004/jptam.v6i2.4018
Niess, M. L., & Gillow-Wiles, H. (2017). Expanding teachers’ technological pedagogical reasoning with a systems pedagogical approach. In Australasian Journal of Educational Technology (Number 3).
Nurhayani, N., Yuanita, S. K. S., Permana, A. I., & Eliza, D. (2022). TPACK (Technological, Pedagogical, and Content Knowledge) untuk Peningkatan Profesionalisme Guru PAUD. Jurnal Basicedu, 6(1), 179–190. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v6i1.1852
Obos, A. I., Aridah, A., & Rusmawaty, D. (2023). Transition to Online Learning: Implementing the TPACK Framework by English Teachers due to the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Education and Teaching (JET), 4(1), 20–34. https://doi.org/10.51454/jet.v4i1.199
Qayyum, A., Bukahri, M., Zulfiqar, P., & Ramzan, M. (2024). Balancing Artificial Intelligence and Human Insight in Early Childhood Education: Implications for Child Development. Social Science Review Archives, 2(2), 1520–1536. https://policyjournalofms.comID:https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0510-1818,drabdulqayyum@uoj.edu.pk
Ren, X., Chano, J., & Saihong, P. (2025). Developing a TPACK-based Course to Promote the Pre-service Preschool Teachers’ Instructional Design Competence. Higher Education Studies, 15(2), 37. https://doi.org/10.5539/hes.v15n2p37
Sakti, Ri., & Eliza, D. (2022). Faktor-Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Kesiapan Guru Untuk Pembelajaran Online di PAUD: Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK). PELANGI: Jurnal Pemikiran Dan Penelitian Islam Anak Usia Dini, 4(2), 357–372. https://doi.org/10.52266/pelangi.v4i1.763
Sanjaya, H. W. (2016). Media komunikasi pembelajaran. Prenada Media.
Saputri, E. R. I., Hendrowibowo, L., Sholikhah, E., Raharjo, A. S., & Sidik, F. (2023). Praktik transformasi kompetensi guru dalam menjawab kebutuhan siswa menghadapi tantangan global (Studi kasus sekolah Taman Kanak-kanak di Kulonprogo). Humanika, 23(1), 81–90. https://doi.org/10.21831/hum.v23i1.59258
Sari, D. R., Sujinah, S., & Fatin, I. (2024). Persepsi Guru PPG terhadap Integrasi TPACK dalam Pembelajaran Bahasa Indonesia. BELAJAR BAHASA: Jurnal Ilmiah Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Dan Sastra Indonesia, 7(1), 106–119. https://doi.org/10.32528/bb.v9i1.1734
Schmid, M., Brianza, E., Mok, S. Y., & Petko, D. (2024). Running in circles: A systematic review of reviews on technological pedagogical content knowledge (TPACK). Computers and Education, 214. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2024.105024
Schmidt, D. A., Baran, E., Thompson, A. D., Mishra, P., Koehler, M. J., & Shin, T. S. (2009). Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK): The Development and Validation of an Assessment Instrument for Preservice Teachers. In Journal of Research on Technology in Education (Vol. 123). www.iste.org.
Sholeh, M. I., & Efendi, N. (2023). Integrasi Teknologi dalam Manajemen Pendidikan Islam: Meningkatkan Kinerja Guru di Era Digital. Jurnal Tinta, 5(2), 104–126. https://doi.org/10.24042/atjpi.v8i1.2095
Shulman, L. S. (1987). Knowledge and Teaching: Foundations of the New Reform. Harvard Educational Review, 57(1), 1–22.
Silvester, S., Sumarni, M. L., & Saputro, T. V. D. (2024). Pengaruh Kompetensi Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) terhadap Keterampilan Guru dalam Mengimplemtasikan Pembelajaran Berbasis Digital. In Journal of Education Research (Vol. 5, Number 4).
Sole, F. B., & Anggraeni, D. M. (2018). Inovasi Pembelajaran Elektronik dan Tantangan Guru Abad 21. Jurnal Penelitian Dan Pengkajian Ilmu Pendidikan: E-Saintika, 2(1), 10–18.
Sugiyono. (2025). Metode Penelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif dan R dan D. Alfabeta.
Sumantri, M. S., Fadillah, S., Putri, A. A., & Novitasari, Y. (2023). Pelatihan Implementasi Pendekatan Tpack Melalui Pembelajaran Proyek untuk Merdeka Belajar di PAUD. Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 4(1), 1–5. https://ejournal.unib.ac.id/index.php/abdipaud/index
Utomo, S. B., Pujowati, Y., & Utami, E. Y. (2024). Analisis Kebijakan Pemerintah, Bantuan Modal, dan Pelatihan Kewirausahaan Terhadap Pertumbuhan Bisnis pada Komunitas UMKM di Jawa Timur. Jurnal Ekonomi Dan Kewirausahaan West Science, 2(2), 146–156.
Widiastuti, W., Ani, Y., & Munthe, A. P. (2019). Pengembangan Diri Sebagai Fasilitator Belajar pada Program Education di Sentul Bogor (Vol. 2).
Yang, T., & Dong, C. (2024). What influences teachers’ implementation of ICT in early childhood education? A qualitative exploration based on an ecological-TPACK framework. Computers and Education Open, 7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.caeo.2024.100228
Published
2026-07-04
How to Cite
Regina Zahrani Widaryanto, Indra Zultiar, & Alfian Ashshidiqi Poppyariyana. (2026). Implementation of TPACK in Improving The Competence of Early Childhood Teachers in Sukabumi City : (Study on PAUD in Sukabumi City). International Journal of Education, Vocational and Social Science , 5(03), 3774-3795. https://doi.org/10.63922/ijevss.v5i03.4442
Contact Person +6282139474255
Email : ijevss@citakonsultindo.or.id / editor.ijevss@gmail.com
