Causes of Low Literacy Ability of Low-Grade Students

Abstract

Reading and writing literacy is a fundamental competence that influences primary school students’ academic achievement. This study aims to identify factors contributing to low literacy skills among lower-grade students at SDN 6 Gelumbang and assess the implications for educational practice. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through participatory observation, semi-structured interviews, and documentation. Findings indicate that students’ literacy skills remain low, characterized by difficulties in letter recognition, spelling, and basic text comprehension. Contributing factors include limited innovative teaching strategies, suboptimal school support, restricted literacy facilities, and minimal family involvement. The study highlights the need for a holistic approach incorporating innovative pedagogy, structured literacy program management, and active support from parents and the community to enhance students’ functional literacy.