Government Policy in the Trade Sector and Its Implications for National Income from the Perspective of Islamic Economic Law

Raden Rara Rita Erawati; Anton Athoillah; Deni Kamaludin Yusup

doi:10.63922/ijevss.v5i03.4816

Raden Rara Rita Erawati Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, Indonesia
Anton Athoillah Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, Indonesia
Deni Kamaludin Yusup Universitas Islam Negeri Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung, Indonesia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.63922/ijevss.v5i03.4816

Keywords: Trade Policy, National Income, Exports, MSMEs, Islamic economics

Abstract

The trade sector plays a strategic role in driving economic growth through increased production, exports, investment and national income. Amidst a global economic slowdown, rising protectionism and the transformation of trade brought about by technological developments and Artificial Intelligence (AI), Indonesia is required to strengthen its export competitiveness and transform its trade structure in a sustainable manner. This study aims to analyse government policies in the trade sector and their implications for national income from the perspective of Islamic economic law. The study employs a qualitative method with a normative-conceptual approach through a literature review of policy documents, national trade data, the Indonesia Export Potential Dashboard, the Regional Export Potential Dashboard, as well as literature on economics and Islamic economic law. Research findings indicate that trade policy contributes to an increase in national income through the strengthening of exports, the downstream processing of natural resources, the development of domestic industry, the digitalisation of trade, and the empowerment of MSMEs. Indonesia recorded a trade surplus of USD 41.05 billion in 2025 and USD 5.55 billion in the first quarter of 2026. Nevertheless, Indonesia’s share of global trade remains at around 1.11 per cent and is dominated by primary commodities. To enhance competitiveness, the government has developed the Indonesia Export Potential Dashboard and the Regional Export Potential Dashboard as data-driven tools, whilst also strengthening SMEs through various export programmes.

From the perspective of Islamic economic law, these policies are in line with the principles of al-‘adl, al-maṣlaḥah and maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah, particularly hifẓ al-māl. This study concludes that increasing national income requires strengthening exports, transforming the economic structure, enhancing competitiveness, and establishing an inclusive, data-driven and equitable trading system.

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