Elderly in the Adaptive Social Protection Discourse in Indonesia: A Review of the National Development Agenda

Hanuun Haniifah Tauhid; Bambang Shergi  Laksmono

doi:10.63922/ijevss.v5i03.4848

Hanuun Haniifah Tauhid Universitas Indonesia
Bambang Shergi Laksmono Universitas Indonesia

DOI: https://doi.org/10.63922/ijevss.v5i03.4848

Keywords: Social Protection, Adaptive Social Protection, Elderly, Social Policy

Abstract

The growing number of elderly people in Indonesia demands a strengthened social protection system capable of addressing various forms of vulnerability, including disaster risks and climate change. This study aims to analyze the position of the elderly in the Adaptive Social Protection (ASP) policy in Indonesia through literature studies and interviews, focusing on the 2020–2024 and 2025–2029 National Medium-Term Development Plans (RPJMN). The results show that the ASP concept has been adopted in development planning documents to integrate social protection, disaster risk reduction, and climate change adaptation. However, its implementation remains conceptual and has not been clearly operationalized in technical policies. The research findings also indicate that the vulnerability of the elderly is still mostly understood in the context of poverty and social exclusion, while vulnerability to disasters and climate change has not been a primary concern in social protection policies. This study concludes that the operationalization of ASP should be strengthened by prioritizing the elderly in a social protection system responsive to multidimensional risks.

Keywords: Social Protection, Adaptive Social Protection, Elderly, Social Policy

References

References
ADB. (2024). Aging Well in Asia: Asian Development Policy Report. https://www.adb.org/publications/asian-development-policy-report-2024
Bowen, T., Del Ninno, C., Andrews, C., Coll-Black, S., Gentilini, U., Johnson, K., Kawasoe, Y., Kryeziu, A., Maher, B., & Williams, A. (2020). Adaptive Social Protection Building Resilience to Shocks. https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/ar/579641590038388922/pdf/Adaptive-Social-Protection-Building-Resilience-to-Shocks.pdf
Chomik, R., & Piggott, J. (2015). Population ageing and social security in Asia. Asian Economic Policy Review, 10(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/aepr.12098
Kementerian Kesehatan. (2021). Rencana Aksi Nasional Kesehatan Lanjut Usia Tahun 2020-2024. Kementerian Kesehatan.
Kidd, S., Gelders, B., Rahayu, S. K., Larasati, D., Huda, K., & Siyaranmual, M. (2018). Implementing Social Protection for the Elderly in Indonesia. TNP2K & Australian Government. https://www.tnp2k.go.id/downloads/implementing-social-protection--for-the-elderly-in-indonesia
Li, J., Han, X., Zhang, X., & Wang, S. (2019). Spatiotemporal evolution of global population ageing from 1960 to 2017. In BMC Public Health (Vol. 19, Issue 1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6465-2
O’brien, C., Scott, Z., Smith, G., Barca, V., Kardan, A., Holmes, R., Watson, C., & Congrave, J. (2018). Shock-Responsive Social Protection Systems Research Synthesis Report About the project.
Prihantika, I., Rahmadani, T. P., & Mulyana, N. (2024). Adaptive Social Protection: A Systematic Literature Review and Research Agenda. Policy & Governance Review. https://doi.org/10.30589/pgr
Santika, A., Djamhari, E. A., Ramdlaningrum, H., & Hoelman, M. B. (2020). White Paper Pemenuhan Hak-Hak Lansia untuk Hidup Setara, Sejahtera, dan Bermartabat. Perkumpulan Prakarsa.
The Economist. (2024). Shrinking populations mean less growth and a more fractious world. https://www.economist.com/finance-and-economics/2024/05/23/shrinking-populations-mean-a-poorer-more-fractious-world
The PRAKARSA. (2024, January 23). RUU Kesejahteraan Lanjut Usia Masuk dalam Longlist Prolegnas 2024. The PRAKARSA. https://theprakarsa.org/ruu-kesejahteraan-lanjut-usia-masuk-dalam-longlist-prolegnas-2024/
TNP2K. (2018). The Future of The Social Protection System in Indonesia: Social Protection for All. Tim Nasional Percepatan Penanggulangan Kemiskinan.
TNP2K. (2019). Sistem Perlindungan Sosial Indonesia ke Depan: Perlindungan Sosial Sepanjang Hayat Bagi Semua. TNP2K. http://smeru.or.id/sites/default/files/events/elansatriawan.pdf
TNP2K, & SMERU. (2022). Situasi dan Akses Lansia terhadap Program Perlindungan Sosial: Studi Kualitatif di DKI Jakarta, DI Yogyakarta, dan Bali.
United Nations. (n.d.). Shifting Demographics. Retrieved January 7, 2025, from https://www.un.org/en/un75/shifting-demographics
World Bank. (2018). The State of Social Safety Nets 2018. https://documents1.worldbank.org/curated/en/427871521040513398/pdf/124300-PUB-PUBLIC.pdf

Policy Document
National Medium Term Development Plan 2020-2024
National Medium Term Development Plan 2025-2029