Analysis Of Agronomic And Physiological Characteristics And Antioxidant Content Of Shallots (Allium Ascalonicum L.) In Response To Za Fertilizer Application In Cultivation
Keywords:
Shallots., ZA fertilizer, floating cultivation
Abstract
The demand for shallots continues to increase along with population growth and the food industry, making them a staple food for both households and the processing industry (Directorate General of Horticulture, 2024). One approach that can support this agronomic adaptation is the use of appropriate fertilizers, as growing media are limited and more dynamic. Cultivation success is also greatly influenced by variety selection. Superior varieties such as Bima Brebes, Bauji, and Tajuk are widely cultivated in Indonesia, but their response to floating cultivation systems and ZA fertilization has not been widely studied (Balitsa, 2020). This study aims to determine the response of the effect of ZA fertilizer use on the agronomic characteristics, physiology, and antioxidant activity of shallots in floating cultivation systems. The research method used was the RAK method with the treatment being the use of ZA fertilizer. Data analysis was performed using Microsoft Excel using the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) method, followed by further tests using orthogonal polynomial regression and Turkey HSD. The Brebes variety consistently demonstrates the best performance (highest number of bulbs, largest bulb diameter, longest roots, highest leaf greenness, and strongest antioxidant capacity). A ZA fertilizer dosage of 150 kg/ha was the most efficient rate for maximizing the number of bulbs. Therefore, the combination of the Brebes variety and a ZA dosage of 150 kg/ha is recommended as a suitable shallot cultivation method for waterlogged swamp land.
References
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Rahman, A., Putra, R., & Fadilah, N. (2017). Peranan oksigen dalam pertumbuhan akar dan penyerapan hara pada tanaman. Jurnal Fisiologi Tumbuhan, 5(3), 112–120.
Rashid, M.H.A., Islam, M.R., & Hossain, M.M. (2019). Growth and yield performance of onion varieties under different growing conditions. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 21(4), 867–876.
Salisbury, F. B., & Ross, C. W. (2012). Plant Physiology (Edisi ke-5). Wadsworth Publishing.
Saragih, R., Manurung, R., & Simanjuntak, D. (2023). Pengaruh pemupukan nitrogen terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi bawang merah. Jurnal Pertanian Tropik, 10(2), 87–95.
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Setyowati, E., et al. (2025). Impact of organic NPK nano fertilizer on growth and physiological parameters of shallot varieties. International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics.
Sharma, K., Mahajan, V., & Kumar, M. (2018). Onion and shallot production and improvement. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 93(6), 1–10
Siregar, M., Simanungkalit, T., & Ginting, J. (2021). Respons pertumbuhan dan produksi bawang merah terhadap pemupukan nitrogen dan kalium. Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Tropika Lembab, 4(1), 45–53.
Souminar, S., Fajriani, S., & Ariffin, A. (2018). Respon pertumbuhan dan hasil tiga varietas bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) terhadap beberapa tingkat ketinggian bedengan. Jurnal Produksi Tanaman, 6(10), 2413–2422.
Susilawati, S., Lakitan, B., Wijaya, A., Kurnianingsih, A., Siaga, E., & Meihana, M. (2021). Floating cultivation system for shallot production in tidal swamp areas of South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 22(5), 2639–2647
Taiz, L., Zeiger, E., Møller, I. M., & Murphy, A. (2018). Plant Physiology and Development. Sinauer Associates.
Tripathy, P., Sahoo, B. B., & Mishra, S. R. (2020). Growth and development dynamics of onion under varying nutrient regimes. Journal of Agricultural Science, 12(3), 45–53..
Yoldas, F., Ceylan, S., Mordogan, N., & Esetlili, B.C. (2020). Effects of nitrogen fertilization on growth, yield and bulb quality of onion (Allium cepa L.). Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 18(1), 1235–1247.
Agati, G., Brunetti, C., Fini, A., & Tattini, M. (2020). Nitrogen nutrition modulates the biosynthesis of flavonoids in plants: A review. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 179, Article 104198.
Arianto, A., et al. (2025). Shallot crop harvest time and yield prediction in Brebes Regency. International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics.
Aryanta, I. W. R. (2019). Bawang merah dan manfaatnya bagi kesehatan. Widya Kesehatan, 1(1), 29–35. https://doi.org/10.32795/widyakesehatan.v1i1.280
Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran. (2019). Teknologi budidaya bawang merah. Kementerian Pertanian Republik Indonesia.
Brewster, J. L. (2018). Onions and Other Vegetable Alliums (2nd ed.). CABI Publishing.
Chaudhari, N. R., et al. (2026). Effect of nitrogen fixer, phosphate and potash solubilizing bacterial consortium on vegetative growth of onion (Allium cepa L.). International Journal of Advanced Biochemistry Research.
Deng, B., Zhang, Y., & Yang, Y. (2019). Genetic variation in flavonoid accumulation and antioxidant capacity among different varieties of medicinal plants. Journal of Applied Botany and Food Quality, 92, 123–131.
El-Sayed, S. M., et al. (2024). Impact of irrigation and environmental factors on onion growth. Euro-Mediterranean Journal for Environmental Integration, 10, 1657–1670.
Fageria, N. K. (2016). The Use of Nutrients in Crop Plants. CRC Press.
Farid, N., & Ulinnuha, Z. (2022). Pertumbuhan dan hasil genotipe bawang merah pada peningkatan dosis sulfur melalui sistem hidroponik Nutrient Film Technique. Biofarm: Jurnal Ilmiah Pertanian, 18(2), 102–115. https://doi.org/10.31941/biofarm.v18i2.2346
Gardner, F. P., Pearce, R. B., & Mitchell, R. L. (1991). Fisiologi tanaman budidaya. Jakarta: UI Press.
Gebremedhin, et al. (2025). Yield and water use efficiency response of onions under different growth stages. Discover Sustainability.
Gebretsadik, K., & Dechassa, N. (2018). Effect of nitrogen fertilizer on growth, yield and quality of onion (Allium cepa L.). Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 93(2), 1–8.
Ghodke, P.H., Andhale, P.S., Gijare, U.M., et al. (2018). Evaluation of onion (Allium cepa L.) genotypes for growth and yield traits. International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences, 7(10), 1234–1240.
Gill, S. S., & Tuteja, N. (2010). Reactive oxygen species and antioxidant machinery in abiotic stress tolerance in crop plants. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 48(12), 909–930. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plaphy.2010.08.016
Hasanah, Y., Mawarni, L., Hanum, H., Sipayung, R., & Ramadhan, M. T. (2021). The role of sulfur and paclobutrazol on the growth of shallots (Allium ascalonicum (L.) Sanren F-1 varieties from true shallot seed. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 782(4), 042039. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/782/4/042039
Irawan, J., Sudarsono, Maharijaya, A., & Dinarti, D. (2021). Shallot haploid breeding for sustainable production—callus induction from shallot anther tissues. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 694(1), 012031. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/694/1/012031
Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia. (2018). Pengaruh pemupukan terhadap pertumbuhan dan hasil bawang merah. Jurnal Hortikultura Indonesia, 9(2), 123–130.
Kindie, B., et al. (2023). Agro-morphological trait evaluation of garlic (Allium sativum L.) response to fertilizer. International Journal of Agricultural Bioscience.
Kumar, S., Singh, B., & Yadav, R. (2021). Growth, yield and nutrient uptake of onion (Allium cepa L.) as influenced by nutrient management. Scientia Horticulturae, 276, 109756.
Kumar, S., Singh, V., & Kumar, A. (2020). Effect of nitrogen levels on growth and productivity of onion (Allium cepa L.). International Journal of Chemical Studies, 8(4), 2845–2849
Lima, M. A., et al. (2019). Effect of nitrogen fertilization on the content of bioactive compounds and antioxidant activity in leafy vegetables. Scientia Horticulturae, 254, 1–8.
Marlin, M., Handajani, M., Yulian, Y., Rustikawati, R., & Herawati, R. (2021). Induction of plantlet regeneration on shallot (Allium cepa var. aggregatum). In Proceedings of the International Seminar on Promoting Local Resources for Sustainable Agriculture and Development (ISPLRSAD 2020) (Vol. 13, pp. 239–244). Atlantis Press. https://doi.org/10.2991/absr.k.210609.038
Mustikawati, R., Tadjudin, T., & Alfandi, A. (2020). Effect of phosphorus and sulfur fertilizers on growth and tield shallots (Allium ascalonicum L.) Bima variety. Agroswagati: Jurnal Agronomi, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.33603/agroswagati.v8i2.4945
Neeteson, J. J., et al. (2022). Nitrogen nutrition and fertilization of onions (Allium cepa L.). Scientia Horticulturae, 291, 110591.
Prior, R. L., Wu, X., & Schaich, K. (2005). Standardized methods for the determination of antioxidant capacity and phenolics in foods and dietary supplements. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 53(10), 4290–4302. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf0502698
Petropoulos, S.A., Fernandes, Â., Ntatsi, G., & Barros, L. (2020). Nutritional value, chemical composition and health-promoting compounds of onion (Allium cepa L.): A review. Food Reviews International, 36(7), 1–28.
Rahman, A., Putra, R., & Fadilah, N. (2017). Peranan oksigen dalam pertumbuhan akar dan penyerapan hara pada tanaman. Jurnal Fisiologi Tumbuhan, 5(3), 112–120.
Rashid, M.H.A., Islam, M.R., & Hossain, M.M. (2019). Growth and yield performance of onion varieties under different growing conditions. Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology, 21(4), 867–876.
Salisbury, F. B., & Ross, C. W. (2012). Plant Physiology (Edisi ke-5). Wadsworth Publishing.
Saragih, R., Manurung, R., & Simanjuntak, D. (2023). Pengaruh pemupukan nitrogen terhadap pertumbuhan dan produksi bawang merah. Jurnal Pertanian Tropik, 10(2), 87–95.
Setiawan, A. Y. D., Putri, R. I., Indayani, F. D., Widiasih, N. M. S., Anastasia, N., Setyaningsih, D., & Riswanto, F. D. O. (2021). Kandungan kimia dan potensi bawang merah (Allium cepa L.) sebagai inhibitor SARS-CoV-2. Indonesian Journal of Chemometrics and Pharmaceutical Analysis, 1(3), 143–155. https://doi.org/10.22146/ijcpa.3584
Setyowati, E., et al. (2025). Impact of organic NPK nano fertilizer on growth and physiological parameters of shallot varieties. International Journal of Design & Nature and Ecodynamics.
Sharma, K., Mahajan, V., & Kumar, M. (2018). Onion and shallot production and improvement. Journal of Horticultural Science and Biotechnology, 93(6), 1–10
Siregar, M., Simanungkalit, T., & Ginting, J. (2021). Respons pertumbuhan dan produksi bawang merah terhadap pemupukan nitrogen dan kalium. Jurnal Agroekoteknologi Tropika Lembab, 4(1), 45–53.
Souminar, S., Fajriani, S., & Ariffin, A. (2018). Respon pertumbuhan dan hasil tiga varietas bawang merah (Allium ascalonicum L.) terhadap beberapa tingkat ketinggian bedengan. Jurnal Produksi Tanaman, 6(10), 2413–2422.
Susilawati, S., Lakitan, B., Wijaya, A., Kurnianingsih, A., Siaga, E., & Meihana, M. (2021). Floating cultivation system for shallot production in tidal swamp areas of South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas, 22(5), 2639–2647
Taiz, L., Zeiger, E., Møller, I. M., & Murphy, A. (2018). Plant Physiology and Development. Sinauer Associates.
Tripathy, P., Sahoo, B. B., & Mishra, S. R. (2020). Growth and development dynamics of onion under varying nutrient regimes. Journal of Agricultural Science, 12(3), 45–53..
Yoldas, F., Ceylan, S., Mordogan, N., & Esetlili, B.C. (2020). Effects of nitrogen fertilization on growth, yield and bulb quality of onion (Allium cepa L.). Applied Ecology and Environmental Research, 18(1), 1235–1247.
Published
2026-07-07
How to Cite
Rahmaniar, Susilawati, & Marlin Sefrila. (2026). Analysis Of Agronomic And Physiological Characteristics And Antioxidant Content Of Shallots (Allium Ascalonicum L.) In Response To Za Fertilizer Application In Cultivation. International Journal of Education, Vocational and Social Science , 5(03), 4059-4081. https://doi.org/10.63922/ijevss.v5i03.5017
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