The Narrative Transformation of Eyewitnesses: The Effectiveness of Group Counseling Using Assertive Training Techniques in Reducing Bystander Bullying Behavior

Abstract

Bullying in schools often persists due to the role of passive bystanders. This study aims to describe students’ experiences in participating in group counseling with assertive training techniques to reduce bystander bullying behavior at SMPN 1 Lemahabang. The research employed a qualitative approach with a narrative study method. Data were collected from three participants, initially identified as passive bystanders, through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. Data analysis was conducted using the restorying model. The findings revealed that before the intervention, students experienced a diffusion of responsibility and fear of retaliation, which shaped their "problem-saturated stories" of helplessness. During the counseling sessions, students internalized assertive skills through modeling and role-playing, specifically adopting STAC strategies Stealing the show, Turning it over, Accompanying others, and Coaching compassion. Post-intervention, a significant transformation of identity occurred as participants reconstructed their narratives from passive observers into active "upstanders". They demonstrated increased social courage to confront perpetrators, support victims, and report incidents to teachers. In conclusion, group counseling using assertive training is an effective alternative for school counselors to reduce bystander bullying and foster a safer, more supportive school environment.