Students’ Rational Interpretation Of Social Morality At An Islamic Senior High School: Perspectives From Fazlur Rahman And Émile Durkheim
Keywords:
Social Morals, Émile Durkheim, Fazlur Rahman, Moral Education, Rational Meaning
Abstract
This study is grounded in the importance of examining students' social morality not merely as obedience to religious teachings and school rules, but as a rational process of meaning -making shaped by the interaction between moral awareness, social experience, and the institutional structure of the madrasa. This study aims to analyze students’ rational interpretation of social morality at State Islamic Senior High School (MAN) Salatiga through the perspectives of Fazlur Rahman and Emile Durkheim. The research employed a qualitative descriptive-analytical approach. Data were collected through in- depth interviews, observation, and documentation of school regulations, religious activities, and moral development programs. The data were analyzed through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing, while data validity was strengthened through source and technique triangulation. The findings reveal that students’ rational interpretation of social morality is constructed through six main aspects: moral awareness, regulatory pressure, social habituation, peer influence, teacher authority, and contextual religious understanding. These findings affirm that students’ social morality is a moral construction shaped religiously, socially, and institutionally within madrasa life.
References
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Muhalli, Sobry, M., & Hilmiati. (2026). Internalization of Character Values: Comparative Case Study of Ethics Guidance Patterns in Public High Schools and Madrasahs. International Journal of Education, Vocational and Social Science, 05(02), 1161–1172. https://doi.org/10.63922/ijevss.v5i02.3459
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Nurjanah, S., Hermanto, A., & Zulaikha, S. (2025). Double Movement: Aktualisasi Pemikiran Fazlur Rahman dalam Hukum Islam. TADHKIRAH: Jurnal Terapan Hukum Islam Dan Kajian Filsafat Syariah, 2(2), 216–232. https://doi.org/10.59841/tadhkirah.v2i2.162
Peterson, H. L. (1974). The Quest for Moral Order: Emile Durkheim on Education. Journal of Moral Education, 4(1), 39–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305724740040105
Pramesti, W., Sugiarti, & Mila. (2025). Pentingnya Sopan Santun Berbahasa dalam Menjaga Hubungan Sosial Antar Manusia. BISAI: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Pengajaran, 4(2), 397–405. https://doi.org/10.30862/bisai.v4i2.846
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Putri, F. A., Sofa, A. R., Bukhori, I., Aziz, A., & Islam, M. H. (2026). Keteladanan Study Kasus di Kelas III SD Unggulan Cahaya Cendekia Glagah Kecamatan Pakuniran. Al-Madrasah: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, 10(2), 1034–1049. https://doi.org/10.35931/am.v10i2.6493
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Ritonga, R., Sihombing, C. I. R., Serly, Karanina, O., Pretty, M., Silalahi, W. I., & Batubara, A. (2026). Analisis Berbagai Isu yang Mempengaruhi Moralitas Siswa dalam Lingkungan Pendidikan. Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Multidisipliner, 10(4), 44–55.
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Wahyuni, A. (2021). Pendidikan Karakter. Sidoarjo: UMSIDA Press.
Wangi, E. N., Rosiana, D., Sartika, D., Suhana, S., Lutfiani, S. M., & Charles, S. (2025). Character Education for Ethical Leadership in Indonesian Senior High Schools. Waskita: Jurnal Pendidikan Nilai Dan Pembangunan Karakter, 9(2), 145–164. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.waskita.2025.009.02.2
Zaprulkhan. (2017). Teori Hermeneutika Al-Qu’ran Fazlur Rahman. Noura: Jurnal Kajian Gender Dan Anak, 1(1), 22–47.
Almuarif, Hanani, S., & Devi, I. (2024). Solidaritas dan Integrasi Sosial dalam Konteks Manajemen Pendidikan: Analisis Berdasarkan Teori Emile Durkheim. Habitus: Jurnal Pendidikan Sosiologi Dan Antropologi, 8(1), 13–29.
Aningsih, Zulela, M. S., Neolaka, A., Iasha, V., & Setiawan, B. (2022). How is the Education Character Implemented? The Case Study in Indonesian Elementary School. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 12(1), 371–380. https://doi.org/10.36941/jesr-2022-0029
Arif, A. (2020). Perspektif Teori Sosial Emile Durkheim dalam Sosiologi Pendidikan. MODERASI: Jurnal Studi Ilmu Pengetahuan Sosial, 1(2), 1–14. https://doi.org/10.24239/moderasi.Vol1.Iss2.28
Bulgaru, I. (2013). Emile Durkheim’s Sociological Thinking Evolution from a Pedagogical Perspective. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 76, 262–266. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.04.110
Darmawan, D., & Wijayanti, E. (2026). Lingkungan Sekolah dan Dukungan Orang Tua dalam Pembentukan Karakter Disiplin Siswa. IHSAN : Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 4(2), 197–223. https://doi.org/10.61104/ihsan.v4i2.5484
Darwin, Muhammad AR, & Silahuddin. (2024). Reevaluating Moral Education: Addressing Bullying in Schools Through a Collaborative Framework. Indonesian Values and Character Education Journal, 7(2), 211–223. https://doi.org/10.23887/ivcej.v7i2.79560
Durkheim, E. (1973). Moral Education: A Study in the Theory and Application of the Sociology of Education. New York: The Free Press.
Elmontadzery, A. Y. F., Basori, A. R., & Mujadid, M. (2024). Internalisasi Nilai-Nilai Pendidikan Islam dalam Peningkatan Karakter Religius di MA NU Putra Buntet Pesantren Cirebon. Tsaqafatuna: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan Islam, 6(1), 67–81. https://doi.org/10.54213/tsaqafatuna.v6i1.413
Fajri, Z., & Kamilah, L. (2025). Using Religious Character Education to Help Students Develop Exceptional and Moral Character. Indonesian Journal of Education Research (IJoER), 6(2), 255–264. https://doi.org/10.37251/ijoer.v6i2.1691
Fauzi, M., & Winarto, T. (2025). Pemikiran Pendidikan Progresif dalam Perspektif Fazlur Rahman. Al-Ibrah: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Keilmuan Islam, 10(1), 88–104. https://doi.org/10.61815/alibrah.v10i1.682
Hafith, A., Taufik, Acim, S. A., & Jumarim. (2025). Contemporary Modernity and its Prospects in Islam (Based on Fazlur Rahman’s Thoughts in Islam & Modernity). Indonesian Journal of Islamic Studies (IJIS), 1(2), 157–167. https://doi.org/10.62567/ijis.v1i2.828
Husain, M., Maulana, I., & Hanif, M. (2025). Peran Motivasi Intrinsik dan Ekstrinsik dalam Upaya Meningkatkan Minat Belajar Siswa. Al-Ilmiya: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 1(3), 746–750.
Ivaniushina, V., & Alexandrov, D. (2022). School Structure, Bullying by teachers, Moral Disengagement, and Students’ Aggression: A Mediation Model. Frontiers in Psychology, 13(September), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.883750
Jamil, S., Irawati, I., Taabudilah, M. H., & Haryadi, R. N. (2023). Pentingnya Pendidikan Agama Islam dalam Membentuk Kesadaran Sosial dan Kemanusiaan. Kaipi: Kumpulan Artikel Ilmiah Pendidikan Islam, 1(2), 35–38. https://doi.org/10.62070/kaipi.v1i2.32
Kholifah, N., & Nugraha, A. S. (2026). Strategi Pembentukan Karakter Kedisiplinan Melalui Pembelajaran Agama Isalam di Sekolah. Millatuna: Jurnal Studi Islam, 03(01), 31–40. https://doi.org/10.33752/mjsi.v3i01.9050
Lubis, Z., Ariani, E., Segala, S. M., & Wulan, W. (2023). Pendidikan Keluarga Sebagai Basis Pendidikan Anak. Pema (Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat), 1(2), 92–106. https://doi.org/10.56832/pema.v1i2.98
Maulidah. (2022). Akhlak Sebagai Esensi Pendidikan Islam. Al Qalam: Jurnal Ilmiah Keagamaan Dan Kemasyarakatan, 16(6), 1948. https://doi.org/10.35931/aq.v16i6.1279
Muhalli, Sobry, M., & Hilmiati. (2026). Internalization of Character Values: Comparative Case Study of Ethics Guidance Patterns in Public High Schools and Madrasahs. International Journal of Education, Vocational and Social Science, 05(02), 1161–1172. https://doi.org/10.63922/ijevss.v5i02.3459
Nafsiyah, F., & Wardan, K. (2024). Peran Pendidikan Agama Islam Dalam Mencegah Perilaku Bullying Peserta Didik di Sekolah. Al-Rabwah: Jurnal Ilmu Pendidikan, 18(2), 93–104.
Nurjanah, S., Hermanto, A., & Zulaikha, S. (2025). Double Movement: Aktualisasi Pemikiran Fazlur Rahman dalam Hukum Islam. TADHKIRAH: Jurnal Terapan Hukum Islam Dan Kajian Filsafat Syariah, 2(2), 216–232. https://doi.org/10.59841/tadhkirah.v2i2.162
Peterson, H. L. (1974). The Quest for Moral Order: Emile Durkheim on Education. Journal of Moral Education, 4(1), 39–46. https://doi.org/10.1080/0305724740040105
Pramesti, W., Sugiarti, & Mila. (2025). Pentingnya Sopan Santun Berbahasa dalam Menjaga Hubungan Sosial Antar Manusia. BISAI: Jurnal Bahasa, Sastra, Dan Pengajaran, 4(2), 397–405. https://doi.org/10.30862/bisai.v4i2.846
Putra, D., Nasution, M., & Acela, N. (2025). Double Movement Theory in Fazlur Rahman’s Thought: Social and Religious Applications and Their Impact on Modern Understanding. Al Qalam: Jurnal Ilmiah Keagamaan Dan Kemasyarakatan, 19(5), 3103. https://doi.org/10.35931/aq.v19i5.4747
Putri, F. A., Sofa, A. R., Bukhori, I., Aziz, A., & Islam, M. H. (2026). Keteladanan Study Kasus di Kelas III SD Unggulan Cahaya Cendekia Glagah Kecamatan Pakuniran. Al-Madrasah: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Madrasah Ibtidaiyah, 10(2), 1034–1049. https://doi.org/10.35931/am.v10i2.6493
Rahim, M. Y. (2022). Pemikiran Tafsir Fazlur Rahman Terhadap Ayat-Ayat Hukum dan Sosial. In Fakultas Ushuluddin Institut PTIQ Jakarta.
Rahman, F. (1965). Islamic Methodology in History. Central Institute of Islamic Research.
Ritonga, R., Sihombing, C. I. R., Serly, Karanina, O., Pretty, M., Silalahi, W. I., & Batubara, A. (2026). Analisis Berbagai Isu yang Mempengaruhi Moralitas Siswa dalam Lingkungan Pendidikan. Jurnal Ilmiah Kajian Multidisipliner, 10(4), 44–55.
Rosita, Rahmawati, W., Asbari, M., & Cahyono, Y. (2023). Literaksi : Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan Nilai Moral dan Etika : Perspektif Emile Durkheim. Literaksi: Jurnal …, 01(02), 13–16. https://doi.org/10.70508/literaksi.v1i02.10
Syakir, F. A., Ramdhani, F. R., Berutu, D., Purwanti, H., & Nugraha, R. (2025). Akidah Akhlak: Karakteristik dan Pembelajarannya. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial Dan Pendidikan, 6(4), 1004–1005. https://doi.org/10.54543/syntaximperatif.v6i4.735
Virgianti, P. (2023). Pendidikan Moral Perspektif Emile Durkheim Relevansinya Bagi Pendidikan di Indonesia. Dewantara : Jurnal Pendidikan Sosial Humaniora, 2(4), 163–171. https://doi.org/10.30640/dewantara.v2i4.1769
Wahyuni, A. (2021). Pendidikan Karakter. Sidoarjo: UMSIDA Press.
Wangi, E. N., Rosiana, D., Sartika, D., Suhana, S., Lutfiani, S. M., & Charles, S. (2025). Character Education for Ethical Leadership in Indonesian Senior High Schools. Waskita: Jurnal Pendidikan Nilai Dan Pembangunan Karakter, 9(2), 145–164. https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.waskita.2025.009.02.2
Zaprulkhan. (2017). Teori Hermeneutika Al-Qu’ran Fazlur Rahman. Noura: Jurnal Kajian Gender Dan Anak, 1(1), 22–47.
Published
2026-07-31
How to Cite
Zuairiyah, Izzatul Mahya, & Ahmad Alfan Rikza Al Hamami. (2026). Students’ Rational Interpretation Of Social Morality At An Islamic Senior High School: Perspectives From Fazlur Rahman And Émile Durkheim. International Journal of Education, Vocational and Social Science , 5(03), 6685-6706. https://doi.org/10.63922/ijevss.v5i03.5617
Contact Person +6282139474255
Email : ijevss@citakonsultindo.or.id / editor.ijevss@gmail.com
