History of Islamic Education During the Period of the Great Empires After the Collapse of Baghdad and Andalusia

Abstract

This article examines the dynamics and development of Islamic education during the period of the great empires after the fall of Baghdad (1258 AD) and Andalusia (1492 AD). In the context of Islamic history, the fall of these two centers of civilization did not end the intellectual tradition of Muslims, but rather became the momentum for a new revival in various regions such as the Seljuk, Mamluk, Ottoman, Mughal, and North African dynasties. This study uses a qualitative method with a library research approach. Data were obtained through a literature review, both from classical books and modern academic sources. The results of the study indicate that Islamic education during this period continued to play a vital role in maintaining the identity of Islamic scholarship, establishing a formal education system through madrasas, and producing great scholars such as Al-Ghazali and Ibn Khaldun