The Effect Of Leadership And Work Motivation On Counterproductive Work Behavior With Job Satisfaction As A Moderating Variable In The Transportation Service Of Pesisir Barat Regency
Keywords:
Leadership, Work Motivation, Job Satisfaction, Counterproductive Work Behavior (CWB), Moderating Effect
Abstract
This study aims to examine the influence of leadership and work motivation on Counterproductive Work Behavior (CWB), with job satisfaction serving as a moderating variable among employees of the Transportation Agency of West Pesisir Regency. A quantitative research approach with a survey method was employed. The study involved 56 employees, all of whom were selected using a saturated sampling technique. Data were collected through observation, documentation, and structured questionnaires and were analyzed using statistical techniques to evaluate both the direct and moderating effects among the research variables. The findings reveal that leadership has a negative and significant effect on Counterproductive Work Behavior. Better leadership practices reduce employees' tendency to engage in behaviors that may harm the organization. Likewise, work motivation has a negative and significant effect on Counterproductive Work Behavior, indicating that higher levels of work motivation contribute to lower levels of counterproductive behavior. Furthermore, job satisfaction significantly moderates and strengthens the relationship between leadership and Counterproductive Work Behavior, as well as the relationship between work motivation and Counterproductive Work Behavior. These findings suggest that job satisfaction plays a strategic role in enhancing the effectiveness of leadership and work motivation in minimizing counterproductive work behavior. Therefore, organizations are encouraged to improve leadership quality, strengthen employee motivation, and foster job satisfaction to reduce counterproductive behavior and improve organizational performance.
References
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Ariss, A. Al, & Sidani, Y. (2016). Comparative international human resource management: Future research directions. Human Resource Management Review, 26(4), 352–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2016.04.007
Asma, N., Haedar, H., & Dewi, S. R. (2023). The Influence of Compensation and Work Environment on Employee Job Satisfaction at PDAM Luwu Regency. JENIUS (Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia), 6(3), 607. https://doi.org/10.32493/JJSDM.v6i3.29876
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Broby, D. (2021). Financial technology and the future of banking. Financial Innovation, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40854-021-00264-y
Carpenter, N. C., & Berry, C. M. (2017). Are Counterproductive Work Behavior and Withdrawal Empirically Distinct? A Meta-Analytic Investigation. Journal of Management, 43(3), 834–863. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206314544743
Carpenter, N. C., Whitman, D. S., & Amrhein, R. (2021). Unit-Level Counterproductive Work Behavior (CWB): A Conceptual Review and Quantitative Summary. Journal of Management, 47(6), 1498–1527. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206320978812
Choir, M., Damayanti, E., & Suyono, J. (2021). The Effect of Work Communication and Work Motivation to Employee Performance at PT. Catur Mitra Sejati Sentosa. Jurnal Ekonomi, 21(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.29138/je.v21i1.126
Dari, S. U. (2020). The Effect of Work Discipline and Work Motivation on the Performance of Abab Subdistrict Office Employees, PALI Regency. In International Journal of Marketing & Human Resource Research (Vol. 1, Number 1).
Dewi, D. Y., Yudi Nur Supriadi, & Acim Heri Iswanto. (2022). The Effect of Transformational Leadership, Quality of Work-Life on Organizational Citizenship Behavior with Organizational Commitment Mediation. Journal of Social Science, 3(2), 308–323. https://doi.org/10.46799/jss.v3i2.315
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Kim, T., & Chang, J. (2019). Organizational culture and performance: a macro-level longitudinal study. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 40(1), 65–84. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-08-2018-0291
Kim, W. H., Ra, Y.-A., Park, J. G., & Kwon, B. (2017). Role of burnout on job level, job satisfaction, and task performance. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 38(5), 630–645. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-11-2015-0249
Krishnan, R., & Loon, K. W. (2018). The Effects of Job Satisfaction and Work-Life Balance on Employee Task Performance. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(3). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v8-i3/3956
Leso, B. H., Cortimiglia, M. N., & Ghezzi, A. (2023). The contribution of organizational culture, structure, and leadership factors in the digital transformation of SMEs: a mixed-methods approach. Cognition, Technology and Work, 25(1), 151–179. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10111-022-00714-2
Mat Desa, N., Hasmi Abu Hassan Asaari, M., & Lee Yim, C. (2020). Human Resource Management Practices and Job Satisfaction among Courier Service Provider Employees. International Journal of Asian Social Science, 10(6), 327–338. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.1.2020.106.327.338
Mohamed, M. A., Matan, A. H., & Farah, M. A. (2025). The Impact of Motivation on Employee Performance of Non-Governmental Organizations in Mogadishu. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 14, 108–125. https://www.ijol.cikd.ca
Mustika Jaya, D., & Masdupi, E. (2019). The Effect of Transformational Leadership, Discipline and Work Motivation on Employee Performance at West Sumatera BPMP.
Nguyen, H. T. (2020). Factors affecting job satisfaction of accountant and auditors at hanoi auditing firms. Accounting, 7(2), 357–362. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ac.2020.11.017
Oktaviannur, M. (2024). The Effect of Work Motivation and Work Environment on Employee at PDAM Way Rilau Bandar Lampung City. IJEBIR, 03(02), 1091–1101.
Paais, M., & Pattiruhu, J. R. (2020). Effect of Motivation, Leadership, and Organizational Culture on Satisfaction and Employee Performance. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(8), 577–588. https://doi.org/10.13106/JAFEB.2020.VOL7.NO8.577
Rahmadani, V. G., Schaufeli, W. B., Stouten, J., Zhang, Z., & Zulkarnain, Z. (2020). Engaging leadership and its implication for work engagement and job outcomes at the individual and team level: A multi-level longitudinal study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030776
Rahman, M. M., Rose, R. C., Som, H. M., & Newaz, H. T. M. Q. (2023). Assessing Job Satisfaction in the Bangladeshi Readymade Garment Industry: A Study of Shams Styling Wears Limited Using PLS-SEM Modeling. International Journal of Management and Accounting, 5(4), 53–65. https://doi.org/10.34104/ijma.023.0053065
Rita, M., Randa Payangan, O., Rante, Y., Tuhumena, R., & Erari, A. (2018). Moderating effect of organizational citizenship behavior on the effect of organizational commitment, transformational leadership and work motivation on employee performance. International Journal of Law and Management, 60(4), 953–964. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-03-2017-0026
Rosalia, P. D., Mintarti, S., & Heksarini, A. (2020). The Effect of Compensation and Motivation on Job Satisfaction and Employee Performance at SMK Medika Samarinda. Saudi Journal of Business and Management Studies, 5(7), 448–454. https://doi.org/10.36348/sjbms.2020.v05i07.009
Sanjaya, M., & Indrawati, L. (2023). THE INFLUENCE OF JOB SATISFACTION, WORK MOTIVATION, AND EMPLOYEE COMMITMENT ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE. Research In Management and Accounting, 6(1), 11–20. https://doi.org/10.33508/rima.v6i1.4538
Sari, R. N., Martono, T., & Gunarhadi. (2020). ANALYSIS EFFECT OF PEDAGOGIC AND PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCY ON STUDENTS’ LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT THROUGH TEACHERS’ WORK MOTIVATION. International Journal of Education and Social Science Research, 03(06), 298–309. https://doi.org/10.37500/IJESSR.2020.3627
Singh, S. K., Giudice, M. Del, Chierici, R., & Graziano, D. (2020). Green innovation and environmental performance: The role of green transformational leadership and green human resource management. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 150, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2019.119762
Slemp, G. R., Kern, M. L., Patrick, K. J., & Ryan, R. M. (2018). Leader autonomy support in the workplace: A meta-analytic review. Motivation and Emotion, 42(5), 706–724. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-018-9698-y
Sokolic, D., Croitoru, G., Florea, N. V., Robescu, V. O., & Cosac, A. (2024). The Effect of Leadership Styles on Employee Motivation and Organizational Performance in Public Sector Organizations. Valahian Journal of Economic Studies, 15(1), 53–72. https://doi.org/10.2478/vjes-2024-0005
Suriansyah, A. (2022). The Effect of School Principal Leadership on Teacher Performance through Work Discipline and Teacher Achievement Motivation of State Elementary School in Batumandi District. International Journal of Social Science And Human Research, (06), 2769–2778. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v5-i6-114
Susanti, O., & Yulianti, O. (2021). The Effect of Motivation and Human Resources Development on Employee Performance at Dukcapil Agency of Central Bengkulu Regency Pengaruh Motivasi dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia terhadap Kinerja Pegawai pada Dinas Dukcapil Bengkulu Tengah. In Journal of Indonesian Management (Vol. 1, Number 3).
Turmudhi, A., & Ristianawati, Y. (2023). Performance of Village-Owned Moro Berkah’s Employees: Analyzing Workplace Motivation and Workplace Discipline. ADPEBI International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(1), 42–49. https://doi.org/10.54099/aijbs.v3i1.552
Wiernik, B. M., & Ones, D. S. (2018). Ethical employee behaviors in the consensus taxonomy of counterproductive work behaviors. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 26(1), 36–48. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijsa.12199
Yean, T. F., Johari, J., Yahya, K. K., & Chin, T. L. (2022). Determinants of Job Dissatisfaction and Its Impact on the Counterproductive Work Behavior of University Staff. SAGE Open, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221123289
Yety, Y., Dunan, H., & Barusman, A. R. P. (2024). THE EFFECT OF MOTIVATION AND SOLAR DRYER DOME ASSISTANCE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF THE TRUBUS FARMER GROUP IN WEST PRINGSEWU VILLAGE, PRINGSEWU SUB-DISTRICT, PRINGSEWU REGENCY. Jpurnal of Management, Business, and Social Science, (4), 225–231. http://journal.ubl.ac.id/index.php/mabuss
Zuama, M., Sudiarditha, I. K. R., & Wolor, C. W. (2023). Leadership Determination and Training Effectiveness on Employee Performance Through Work Motivation Mediation. International Journal of Applied Business and International Management, 8(1), 113–127. https://doi.org/10.32535/ijabim.v8i1.2132
Alrefaei, F. (2020). Job Satisfaction: Analysis of the Institute of Public Administration. International Journal of Managerial Studies and Research, 8(12). https://doi.org/10.20431/2349-0349.0812008
Andriana, I., Riyanto, D., & Darmawan, D. (2019). Workload and Motivation on Employees Performance Analyzed by Information Technology. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, 662(2), 022120. https://doi.org/10.1088/1757-899X/662/2/022120
Ariss, A. Al, & Sidani, Y. (2016). Comparative international human resource management: Future research directions. Human Resource Management Review, 26(4), 352–358. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hrmr.2016.04.007
Asma, N., Haedar, H., & Dewi, S. R. (2023). The Influence of Compensation and Work Environment on Employee Job Satisfaction at PDAM Luwu Regency. JENIUS (Jurnal Ilmiah Manajemen Sumber Daya Manusia), 6(3), 607. https://doi.org/10.32493/JJSDM.v6i3.29876
Barrena-Martínez, J., López-Fernández, M., & Romero-Fernández, P. M. (2019). Towards a configuration of socially responsible human resource management policies and practices: findings from an academic consensus. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 30(17), 2544–2580. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2017.1332669
Broby, D. (2021). Financial technology and the future of banking. Financial Innovation, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40854-021-00264-y
Carpenter, N. C., & Berry, C. M. (2017). Are Counterproductive Work Behavior and Withdrawal Empirically Distinct? A Meta-Analytic Investigation. Journal of Management, 43(3), 834–863. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206314544743
Carpenter, N. C., Whitman, D. S., & Amrhein, R. (2021). Unit-Level Counterproductive Work Behavior (CWB): A Conceptual Review and Quantitative Summary. Journal of Management, 47(6), 1498–1527. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206320978812
Choir, M., Damayanti, E., & Suyono, J. (2021). The Effect of Work Communication and Work Motivation to Employee Performance at PT. Catur Mitra Sejati Sentosa. Jurnal Ekonomi, 21(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.29138/je.v21i1.126
Dari, S. U. (2020). The Effect of Work Discipline and Work Motivation on the Performance of Abab Subdistrict Office Employees, PALI Regency. In International Journal of Marketing & Human Resource Research (Vol. 1, Number 1).
Dewi, D. Y., Yudi Nur Supriadi, & Acim Heri Iswanto. (2022). The Effect of Transformational Leadership, Quality of Work-Life on Organizational Citizenship Behavior with Organizational Commitment Mediation. Journal of Social Science, 3(2), 308–323. https://doi.org/10.46799/jss.v3i2.315
Dhall, P. (2019). Quantitative Data Analysis. In R. N. Subudhi & S. Mishra (Eds.), Methodological Issues in Management Research: Advances, Challenges, and the Way Ahead (pp. 109–125). Emerald Publishing Limited. https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-78973-973-220191008
Dunan, H., Syarofa, H., Ekonomi dan Bisnis, F., & Bandar Lampung, U. (2026). The Effect of Workload and Employee Engagement on Employee Job Satisfaction at Bun Kopi in Bandar Lampung. Bisnis Dan Manajemen, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.36987/ecobi.v%vi%i.8855
Fatonah, F. (2023). Literature Study on Competitive Advantage in Official Schools Which is Influenced By Factors: Competitive Strategies, Leadership, and Competence. DIJMS Dinasti International Journal of Management Science, 4(5), 822–832. https://doi.org/10.31933/dijms.v4i5
Jawaad, M., Amir, A., Bashir, A., & Hasan, T. (2019). Human resource practices and organizational commitment: The mediating role of job satisfaction in emerging economy. Cogent Business and Management, 6(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2019.1608668
Kim, T., & Chang, J. (2019). Organizational culture and performance: a macro-level longitudinal study. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 40(1), 65–84. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-08-2018-0291
Kim, W. H., Ra, Y.-A., Park, J. G., & Kwon, B. (2017). Role of burnout on job level, job satisfaction, and task performance. Leadership & Organization Development Journal, 38(5), 630–645. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-11-2015-0249
Krishnan, R., & Loon, K. W. (2018). The Effects of Job Satisfaction and Work-Life Balance on Employee Task Performance. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 8(3). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v8-i3/3956
Leso, B. H., Cortimiglia, M. N., & Ghezzi, A. (2023). The contribution of organizational culture, structure, and leadership factors in the digital transformation of SMEs: a mixed-methods approach. Cognition, Technology and Work, 25(1), 151–179. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10111-022-00714-2
Mat Desa, N., Hasmi Abu Hassan Asaari, M., & Lee Yim, C. (2020). Human Resource Management Practices and Job Satisfaction among Courier Service Provider Employees. International Journal of Asian Social Science, 10(6), 327–338. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.1.2020.106.327.338
Mohamed, M. A., Matan, A. H., & Farah, M. A. (2025). The Impact of Motivation on Employee Performance of Non-Governmental Organizations in Mogadishu. International Journal of Organizational Leadership, 14, 108–125. https://www.ijol.cikd.ca
Mustika Jaya, D., & Masdupi, E. (2019). The Effect of Transformational Leadership, Discipline and Work Motivation on Employee Performance at West Sumatera BPMP.
Nguyen, H. T. (2020). Factors affecting job satisfaction of accountant and auditors at hanoi auditing firms. Accounting, 7(2), 357–362. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.ac.2020.11.017
Oktaviannur, M. (2024). The Effect of Work Motivation and Work Environment on Employee at PDAM Way Rilau Bandar Lampung City. IJEBIR, 03(02), 1091–1101.
Paais, M., & Pattiruhu, J. R. (2020). Effect of Motivation, Leadership, and Organizational Culture on Satisfaction and Employee Performance. Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business, 7(8), 577–588. https://doi.org/10.13106/JAFEB.2020.VOL7.NO8.577
Rahmadani, V. G., Schaufeli, W. B., Stouten, J., Zhang, Z., & Zulkarnain, Z. (2020). Engaging leadership and its implication for work engagement and job outcomes at the individual and team level: A multi-level longitudinal study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17030776
Rahman, M. M., Rose, R. C., Som, H. M., & Newaz, H. T. M. Q. (2023). Assessing Job Satisfaction in the Bangladeshi Readymade Garment Industry: A Study of Shams Styling Wears Limited Using PLS-SEM Modeling. International Journal of Management and Accounting, 5(4), 53–65. https://doi.org/10.34104/ijma.023.0053065
Rita, M., Randa Payangan, O., Rante, Y., Tuhumena, R., & Erari, A. (2018). Moderating effect of organizational citizenship behavior on the effect of organizational commitment, transformational leadership and work motivation on employee performance. International Journal of Law and Management, 60(4), 953–964. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJLMA-03-2017-0026
Rosalia, P. D., Mintarti, S., & Heksarini, A. (2020). The Effect of Compensation and Motivation on Job Satisfaction and Employee Performance at SMK Medika Samarinda. Saudi Journal of Business and Management Studies, 5(7), 448–454. https://doi.org/10.36348/sjbms.2020.v05i07.009
Sanjaya, M., & Indrawati, L. (2023). THE INFLUENCE OF JOB SATISFACTION, WORK MOTIVATION, AND EMPLOYEE COMMITMENT ON EMPLOYEE PERFORMANCE. Research In Management and Accounting, 6(1), 11–20. https://doi.org/10.33508/rima.v6i1.4538
Sari, R. N., Martono, T., & Gunarhadi. (2020). ANALYSIS EFFECT OF PEDAGOGIC AND PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCY ON STUDENTS’ LEARNING ACHIEVEMENT THROUGH TEACHERS’ WORK MOTIVATION. International Journal of Education and Social Science Research, 03(06), 298–309. https://doi.org/10.37500/IJESSR.2020.3627
Singh, S. K., Giudice, M. Del, Chierici, R., & Graziano, D. (2020). Green innovation and environmental performance: The role of green transformational leadership and green human resource management. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 150, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2019.119762
Slemp, G. R., Kern, M. L., Patrick, K. J., & Ryan, R. M. (2018). Leader autonomy support in the workplace: A meta-analytic review. Motivation and Emotion, 42(5), 706–724. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11031-018-9698-y
Sokolic, D., Croitoru, G., Florea, N. V., Robescu, V. O., & Cosac, A. (2024). The Effect of Leadership Styles on Employee Motivation and Organizational Performance in Public Sector Organizations. Valahian Journal of Economic Studies, 15(1), 53–72. https://doi.org/10.2478/vjes-2024-0005
Suriansyah, A. (2022). The Effect of School Principal Leadership on Teacher Performance through Work Discipline and Teacher Achievement Motivation of State Elementary School in Batumandi District. International Journal of Social Science And Human Research, (06), 2769–2778. https://doi.org/10.47191/ijsshr/v5-i6-114
Susanti, O., & Yulianti, O. (2021). The Effect of Motivation and Human Resources Development on Employee Performance at Dukcapil Agency of Central Bengkulu Regency Pengaruh Motivasi dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Manusia terhadap Kinerja Pegawai pada Dinas Dukcapil Bengkulu Tengah. In Journal of Indonesian Management (Vol. 1, Number 3).
Turmudhi, A., & Ristianawati, Y. (2023). Performance of Village-Owned Moro Berkah’s Employees: Analyzing Workplace Motivation and Workplace Discipline. ADPEBI International Journal of Business and Social Science, 3(1), 42–49. https://doi.org/10.54099/aijbs.v3i1.552
Wiernik, B. M., & Ones, D. S. (2018). Ethical employee behaviors in the consensus taxonomy of counterproductive work behaviors. International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 26(1), 36–48. https://doi.org/10.1111/ijsa.12199
Yean, T. F., Johari, J., Yahya, K. K., & Chin, T. L. (2022). Determinants of Job Dissatisfaction and Its Impact on the Counterproductive Work Behavior of University Staff. SAGE Open, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/21582440221123289
Yety, Y., Dunan, H., & Barusman, A. R. P. (2024). THE EFFECT OF MOTIVATION AND SOLAR DRYER DOME ASSISTANCE ON THE PERFORMANCE OF THE TRUBUS FARMER GROUP IN WEST PRINGSEWU VILLAGE, PRINGSEWU SUB-DISTRICT, PRINGSEWU REGENCY. Jpurnal of Management, Business, and Social Science, (4), 225–231. http://journal.ubl.ac.id/index.php/mabuss
Zuama, M., Sudiarditha, I. K. R., & Wolor, C. W. (2023). Leadership Determination and Training Effectiveness on Employee Performance Through Work Motivation Mediation. International Journal of Applied Business and International Management, 8(1), 113–127. https://doi.org/10.32535/ijabim.v8i1.2132
Published
2026-08-06
How to Cite
Yuniarni, A. N., & Dunan, H. (2026). The Effect Of Leadership And Work Motivation On Counterproductive Work Behavior With Job Satisfaction As A Moderating Variable In The Transportation Service Of Pesisir Barat Regency. International Journal of Education, Vocational and Social Science , 5(03), 7059-7083. https://doi.org/10.63922/ijevss.v5i03.5721
Contact Person +6282139474255
Email : ijevss@citakonsultindo.or.id / editor.ijevss@gmail.com
