Designing an Early Warning System (EWS) for Public Street Lighting Service Management to Achieve Zero Accidents in Metro City

Abstract

Nighttime traffic safety in Metro City remains a significant concern, as indicated by the predominance of nighttime traffic accidents, accounting for 66% of total accidents in 2023, 60% in 2024, and increasing to 68% in 2025. This condition is associated with the management of Public Street Lighting (PJU) services, which is still predominantly manual and reactive and relies on a First In First Out (FIFO) approach. Consequently, the level of accident risk at the location of reported lighting failures has not yet become a primary consideration in determining repair priorities. This study aims to design an Early Warning System (EWS) based on community participation by connecting public reports of PJU failures with spatial data on Accident-Prone Areas (DRK) and integrating spare-parts inventory information to improve response time and support the achievement of Zero Accident. The study employed a descriptive-analytical approach using a system development method. The existing service system and the proposed E-Lentera system were evaluated using the PIECES framework, consisting of Performance, Information, Economy, Control, Efficiency, and Service. The findings resulted in the design of the E-Lentera system incorporating a Highest Risk First Served (HRFS) mechanism, in which repair priorities are determined by linking the coordinates of reported PJU failures with the level of accident risk represented by the DRK ranking. This approach enables reports originating from high-risk locations to receive greater priority than reports processed solely according to their submission time. Furthermore, the integration of tracking and inventory management within the Input-Process-Output architecture strengthens service transparency, spare-parts availability control, and accountability through digital ticket numbers and a 1×24-hour Service Level Agreement (SLA) for Red Zone areas. The findings indicate that the E-Lentera design is conceptually feasible as an instrument for transforming PJU service management in Metro City from a passive and reactive model into a more proactive, measurable, integrated, and data-driven system. Therefore, the proposed system has the potential to support improvements in nighttime traffic safety and contribute to the realization of the Zero Accident vision. However, since the findings are primarily conceptual and managerial, further empirical testing is required to evaluate the system's effectiveness following full-scale implementation