National cyber security policy and its implications for Strategic defense
Keywords:
BSSN, Cyber Defense, Cyber Security Policy, Digital Sovereignty, Strategic Defense
Abstract
The advance of digital technology has produced a new landscape for national security, in which threats are no longer only conventional but also originate in cyberspace. Attacks on strategic infrastructure, government data, and defense systems show that cyber security has become an inseparable part of national defense. National cyber security policy therefore matters for safeguarding digital sovereignty and for strengthening national resilience against non-traditional threats. This study analyses Indonesia's national cyber security policy and its implications for the country's strategic defense. It applies a systematic literature review guided by the PRISMA protocol; 602 records retrieved from the Dimensions database were screened, and 25 articles and policy documents published between 2020 and 2025 were selected and analysed thematically. The findings show that Indonesia has built a solid policy foundation through the establishment of the National Cyber and Crypto Agency (BSSN), the National Cyber Security Strategy, and regulations that protect vital information infrastructure. Persistent obstacles remain, however, in cross-sectoral coordination, the supply of skilled cyber personnel, and digital security awareness at both public and institutional levels. The implications for strategic defense are threefold: cyber defense needs to be integrated into the national defense system, detection and incident-response capacity needs to be enlarged, and synergy among the military, government, and the private sector needs to be built deliberately rather than left to emerge on its own.
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Aji, M. P. (2023). Sistem keamanan siber dan kedaulatan data di Indonesia dalam perspektif ekonomi politik (studi kasus perlindungan data pribadi). Jurnal Politica Dinamika Masalah Politik Dalam Negeri dan Hubungan Internasional, 13(2), 222–238. https://doi.org/10.22212/jp.v13i2.3299
Aksah, N. S. M., & Nugraha, I. F. (2025). Kerja sama Indonesia dan Inggris dalam upaya meningkatkan kapabilitas keamanan siber. Konsensus: Jurnal Ilmu Pertahanan, Hukum dan Ilmu Komunikasi, 2(3), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.62383/konsensus.v2i3.831
Alfi, M., Yundari, N. P., & Tsaqif, A. (2023). Analisis risiko keamanan siber dalam transformasi digital pelayanan publik di Indonesia. Jurnal Kajian Stratejik Ketahanan Nasional, 6(2), Article 5. https://doi.org/10.7454/jkskn.v6i2.10082
Ansori, A., Ali, K., Susilo, T., Hadisuseno, B., & Amperawan, C. (2025). Cyber leadership in the digital age: Building a resilient Indonesian defense in cyberspace. Indonesian Journal of Interdisciplinary Research in Science and Technology, 3(9), 915–932.
Anwar, S., & Nepri, J. E. (2025). Harmonisasi hukum digital: Tantangan global dan strategi adaptif Indonesia dalam era kedaulatan siber. Hutanasyah: Jurnal Hukum Tata Negara, 4(1), 69–88. https://doi.org/10.37092/hutanasyah.v4i1.1297
Ar Rahman, L. L. (2020). Implikasi diplomasi pertahanan terhadap keamanan siber dalam konteks politik keamanan. Jurnal Diplomasi Pertahanan. https://files.core.ac.uk/download/pdf/595551633.pdf
Buchanan, B. (2017). The cybersecurity dilemma: Hacking, trust and fear between nations. Oxford University Press.
Budiyanto, D., & Mabruri, M. (2025). Pentingnya keamanan siber dalam era digital: Tinjauan global dan kondisi di Indonesia. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Sains dan Teknologi (SainTek), 2(1), 981–994. https://conference.ut.ac.id/index.php/saintek/article/view/5134
Cloramidine, F., & Badaruddin, M. (2023). Mengukur keamanan siber Indonesia melalui indikator pilar kerjasama dalam Global Cybersecurity Index (GCI). Jurnal Sosial dan Humaniora, 8(1), 57–73. https://doi.org/10.47313/pjsh.v8i1.1957
Delviana, N. (2024). Inisiasi pembentukan angkatan siber dan digital dalam organisasi Tentara Nasional Indonesia. Jurnal Syntax Admiration, 5(2), 392–402. https://doi.org/10.46799/jsa.v4i12.1016
Dunn Cavelty, M. (2008). Cyber-security and threat politics: US efforts to secure the information age. Routledge.
Habibi, H., Widodo, P., & Sianturi, D. (2025). Strategi satuan siber Tentara Nasional Indonesia dalam penguatan infrastruktur informasi siber. Journal of Current Research in Management, Policy, and Social Studies. https://ejournal.hakhara-institute.com/MPSS/article/view/78
Hidayat, S., & Radyawanto, A. S. (2025). Kemandirian siber Indonesia: Tantangan dan peluang menuju kedaulatan digital. International Journal of Social and Management Studies, 6(5), 98–102. https://www.ijosmas.org/index.php/ijosmas/article/view/537
Ikhssani, A., Mudra, C., & Prasidya, F. G. (2024). Cybersecurity dan tata kelola intelijen. Jurnal Kajian Stratejik Ketahanan Nasional, 7(1), Article 2. https://doi.org/10.7454/jkskn.v7i1.10086
Jamil, M. (2025). Strategi siber Indonesia dalam kerja sama ASEAN untuk menjaga kedaulatan digital. E-Journal APPISI. https://ejournal.appisi.or.id/index.php/Komunikasi/article/view/421
Lumintosari, F. R., Santoso, M. P. T., & Hakiem, F. N. (2024). Peluang dan tantangan diplomasi digital dalam meningkatkan keamanan siber Indonesia. Innovative: Journal of Social Science Research, 4(3), 746–754. https://doi.org/10.31004/innovative.v4i3.10537
Mas, R., Indrawan, J., & Widiyanto, D. B. (2016). Kebijakan offset dalam membangun kemandirian pertahanan negara. Jurnal Pertahanan dan Bela Negara, 6(2), 29–50. https://doi.org/10.33172/jpbh.v6i2.306
Nye, J. S. (2017). Deterrence and dissuasion in cyberspace. International Security, 41(3), 44–71. https://doi.org/10.1162/ISEC_a_00266
Qushayyi, M. F. (2025). The dynamics of cyber security cooperation between countries: A case study of Indonesia and the Netherlands. Journal of Peace, Security and Democracy, 1(1), 37–56. https://doi.org/10.63280/jpsd.v1i1.42626
Rai, I. N. A. S., Heryadi, D., & Kamaluddin, N. A. (2022). The role of Indonesia to create security and resilience in cyber spaces. Jurnal Politica Dinamika Masalah Politik Dalam Negeri dan Hubungan Internasional, 13(1), 43–66. https://doi.org/10.22212/jp.v13i1.2641
Ramadhan, T., Pujianto, R., & Santoso, F. B. (2024). Strategi penanganan keamanan siber di Indonesia. Journal of Informatic and Information Security, 5(2), 307–320. https://doi.org/10.31599/v0xr7273
Rizki, D. P., & Aditya, R. (2024). Kerjasama Badan Siber dan Sandi Negara (BSSN) dan Korea Internet and Security Agency (KISA) dalam meningkatkan keamanan cyber di Indonesia (2022). Global Mind, 6(2), 43–55. https://doi.org/10.53675/jgm.v6i2.1362
Rosy, A. F. (2020). Kerjasama internasional Indonesia: Memperkuat keamanan nasional di bidang keamanan siber. Journal of Government Science (GovSci): Jurnal Ilmu Pemerintahan, 1(2), 118–129. https://doi.org/10.54144/govsci.v1i2.12
Saramuke, S. S., Putri, V. A., Sormin, A. M., & Nugraha, M. (2025). Ancaman keamanan siber dan peran aktor non-negara di dunia digital. Syntax Idea, 7(2), 141–152. https://jurnal.syntax-idea.co.id/index.php/syntax-idea/article/view/12437
Siti Maesaroh, R. (2024). Tantangan keamanan siber dan implikasinya terhadap hukum kenegaraan: Tinjauan atas peran negara dalam menjamin ketahanan digital. Staatsrecht: Jurnal Hukum Kenegaraan dan Politik Islam, 4(2), 255–274. https://doi.org/10.14421/3n8bxw79
Tarom, M. (2025). The strategic role of defense education in strengthening Indonesia's national security system. Jurnal Pendidikan dan Pengembangan Sumber Daya Pertahanan, 2(1), 12–19. https://doi.org/10.63210/jp3.v2i1.138
Published
2026-09-09
How to Cite
Pamungkas, R. P., Supriyadi, A. A., Bonar, T., & Asmoro, N. (2026). National cyber security policy and its implications for Strategic defense. International Journal of Education, Vocational and Social Science , 5(04), 496-507. https://doi.org/10.63922/ijevss.v5i04.6428
Contact Person +6282139474255
Email : ijevss@citakonsultindo.or.id / editor.ijevss@gmail.com
