Analysis of Climate Types in Several Regencies in South Sumatra Based on the Schmidt–Ferguson and Oldeman Classifications
Keywords:
climate classification; rainfall; South Sumatra
Abstract
Rainfall-based climate classification is important to describe regional climate characteristics and support agricultural planning in tropical regions. This study aims to identify and map climate types in seven districts/cities in South Sumatra Province using the Schmidt–Ferguson and Oldeman classifications based on rainfall data for the 1995–2025 period. Monthly rainfall data from seven BMKG rainfall stations is used as the primary dataset, while Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation Version 8 (GSMaP V8) data is used to fill in missing data (gap filling). Gap filling is carried out by extracting GSMaP data using the nearest-neighbor method. The gap filling process, integration with rainfall station observation data, and the climate classification process use the Python programming language on the Google Colab platform. The Schmidt–Ferguson classification is based on the ratio between dry months (BK) and wet months (BB), whereas the Oldeman classification considers the sequence of wet months (BB) and dry months (BK). The results of the study showed that the Schmidt–Ferguson classification produces Very Wet and Wet climate types. The Very Wet climate type is found in Musi Banyuasin Regency, East OKU Regency, South OKU Regency, and Pagar Alam City, while Ogan Ilir Regency, OKI Regency, and Muara Enim Regency are classified as Wet. The Oldeman classification results in climate type CI in Musi Banyuasin Regency, Muara Enim Regency, South OKU Regency, and Pagar Alam City, type C2 in East OKU Regency, and type D2 in Ogan Ilir Regency and OKI Regency. Spatially, wetter conditions are generally found in the southern and southwestern parts of South Sumatra, while the central and eastern lowland areas show shorter wet periods.
References
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Suryanto, J., & Krisbiyantoro, J. (2024). Comparison accuracy of CHIRPS, GSMaP V7, and GSMaP V8 satellite rainfall estimation in Kalimantan. Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung, 13(2), 470–484. https://doi.org/10.23960/jtep-l.v13i2.470-484
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Usman, S., Jayeoba, J. O., & Kundiri, A. M. (2024). Climate change at a global concept: Impacts and adaptation measures. International Journal of Environment and Climate Change, 14(6), 445–459. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i64242
Pratama, Alvin & Agiel, Hayim & Oktaviana, Ade Ayu, 2022, Evaluasi Satellite Precipitation Product (GSMaP, CHIRPS, dan IMERG) di Kabupaten Lampung Selatan, Journal of Science and Applicative Technology. 6. 32. https://doi.org/10.35472/jsat.v6i1.702.
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Wurarah, R. N., 2024, Indonesia’s economic and environmental resilience in the face of climate change: Analysis and implementation strategies, Calamity: A Journal of Disaster Technology and Engineering, 2(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.61511/calamity.v2i1.2024.9
Anam, A. R, 2022, Pemetaan Agroklimat dengan Menggunakan Metode Klasifikasi Iklim Oldeman, Edudikara Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran, 7(3), 154–165. https://doi.org/10.32585/edudikara.v7i3.293
Anam, A. R., Cakra, A. P., Wardoyo, W. A. A., Asary, S. M., & Virgianto, R. H., 2023, Pemetaan Tipe Iklim Oldeman Tahun 2022-2100 Berdasarkan Skenario SSP5-8.5 Model ACCESS-CM2, Jipfri (Jurnal Inovasi Pendidikan Fisika Dan Riset Ilmiah), 7(1), 20–27. doi: https://doi.org/10.30599/jipfri.v7i1.2046
Aonashi, K., Awaka, J., Hirose, M., Kozu, T., Kubota, T., Liu, G., Shige, S., Kida, S., Seto, S., Takahashi, N., & Takayabu, Y. (2009). GSMaP passive microwave precipitation retrieval algorithm: Algorithm description and validation. Journal of the Meteorological Society of Japan, 87A, 119–136. https://doi.org/10.2151/jmsj.87A.119
Faisol, A., Paga, B. O., & Edowai, D. N. (2022). Pemutakhiran zona iklim Schmidt–Ferguson melalui pemanfaatan data Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with Stations untuk mendukung pengembangan pertanian di Provinsi Papua Barat. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Pembangunan dan Pendidikan Vokasi Pertanian, 3(1), 546–556. https://doi.org/10.47687/snppvp.v3i1.338
Faisol, A., & Paga, B. O. (2022). Pemanfaatan data hujan global untuk mengevaluasi rencana pengembangan komoditas pertanian prioritas di Provinsi Papua Barat. Median Jurnal Ilmu Ilmu Eksakta, 14(3), 104–119. https://doi.org/10.33506/md.v14i3.1988
Fatkhuroyan, F., & Wati, T. (2018). Accuracy assessment of Global Satellite Mapping of Precipitation (GSMaP) product over Indonesian Maritime Continent. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 187, 012060. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/187/1/012060
Idris, M., Rahayu, D., D., Melyan, S., 2025, Evaluasi Akurasi Data Curah Hujan Satelit GSMaP terhadap Data Observasi BMKG di Kota Pekanbaru, Jurnal Teknik, Volume 19, Nomor 2, Oktober 2025 , pp 1- 5.https://doi.org/10.31849/e180zx55
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. (2023). Summary for policymakers. In H. Lee & J. Romero (Eds.), Climate change 2023: Synthesis report (pp. 1–34). IPCC.
Kisakye, S.,Violet & Akurut, Mary & Van der Bruggen, Bart., 2018, Effect of Climate Change on Reliability of Rainwater Harvesting Systems for Kabarole District, Uganda, Water. 10. 71. https://doi.org/10.3390/w10010071.
Laimeheriwa, S., Madubun, E. L., & Rarsina, E. D. (2019). Analisis tren perubahan curah hujan dan pemetaan klasifikasi iklim Schmidt–Ferguson untuk penentuan kesesuaian iklim tanaman pala (Myristica fragrans) di Pulau Seram. Agrologia, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.30598/a.v8i2.1012
Lakitan, B., 2002, Dasar-Dasar Klimatologi, PT. Raja Grafindo Persada, Jakarta.
Lesik, Elisabet & Sianturi, Hery & Geru, Apolinaris & Bernandus, Bernandus. (2020). Analisis Pola Hujan Dan Distribusi Hujan Berdasarkan Ketinggian Tempat Di Pulau Flores. Jurnal Fisika : Fisika Sains dan Aplikasinya. 5. 118-128. https://doi.org/10.35508/fisa.v5i2.2451.
Lestari, I., Kurniawati, N., & Irfan, M. (2025). Analisis Potensi Bencana Akibat Cuaca Ekstrem di Kabupaten Ogan Ilir (Studi Kasus: Angin Puting Beliung). Jurnal Penelitian Sains, 27(3).https://doi.org/10.56064/jps.v27i3.1280
Mahubessy, Ruth C., 2014, Tingkat Kesesuaian Lahan Bagi Tanaman Padi Berdasarkan Faktor Iklim dan Topografi di Kabupaten Merauke, Agrologia, vol. 3, no. 2. https://doi.org/10.30598/A.V3I2.253.
Ramadhan, N., Dwipa, I., Muhsanati, M., Sari, A., Utama, S., Ronaldi, R., & Saputra, R. E. (2024). Pergeseran zona agroklimat Oldeman di Kabupaten Pesisir Selatan, Sumatera Barat berdasarkan data hujan Climate Hazards Group Infrared Precipitation with Station (CHIRPS). Agroteknika, 7(4), 564–575. https://doi.org/10.55043/agroteknika.v7i4.414
Ramadhan, R., Marzuki, M., Yusnaini, H., Muharsyah, R., Tangang, F., Vonnisa, M., & Harmadi, H. (2023). A preliminary assessment of the GSMaP Version 08 products over Indonesian Maritime Continent against gauge data. Remote Sensing, 15, 1115. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs15041115
Ridwan, R., Amin, M., & Asmara, S., 2023, Zonasi Agroklimat Kabupaten Lampung Tengah Untuk Tanaman Padi Berbasis Geographic Information System, Jurnal Agrotek Tropika, 11(2), 217–226, Doi: https://doi.org/10.23960/jat.v11i2.7185
Ruminta, R., Handoko, H., & Nurmala, T. (2018). Indikasi perubahan iklim dan dampaknya terhadap produksi padi di Indonesia (Studi kasus: Sumatera Selatan dan Malang Raya). Jurnal Agro, 5(1), 48–60. https://doi.org/10.15575/1607
Ruqoyah, R., Ruhiat, Y., & Saefullah, A., 2023, Analisis Klasifikasi Tipe Iklim Dari Data Curah Hujan Menggunakan Metode Schmidt-Ferguson (Studi Kasus: Kabupaten Tangerang), Jurnal Teori Dan Aplikasi Fisika, 11(1), 29–38, doi: https://doi.org/10.23960/jtaf.v11i1.327
Sasminto, A. R., Tunggul, A., & Rahadi, J. B. W. (2014). Analisis spasial penentuan iklim menurut klasifikasi Schmidt–Ferguson dan Oldeman di Kabupaten Ponorogo. Jurnal Sumberdaya Alam dan Lingkungan. https://jsal.ub.ac.id/index.php/jsal/article/view/118/102
Schafer, J. L., & Graham, J. W. (2002). Missing data: Our view of the state of the art. Psychological Methods, 7(2), 147–177. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.7.2.147
Suryanto, J., & Krisbiyantoro, J. (2024). Comparison accuracy of CHIRPS, GSMaP V7, and GSMaP V8 satellite rainfall estimation in Kalimantan. Jurnal Teknik Pertanian Lampung, 13(2), 470–484. https://doi.org/10.23960/jtep-l.v13i2.470-484
Susanti, E., Surmaini, E., Pramudia, A., Heryani, N., Estiningtyas, W., Suciantini, S., & Apriyana, Y. (2021). Pemutakhiran peta sumberdaya agroklimat Indonesia untuk mendukung perencanaan pertanian. Jurnal Tanah dan Iklim, 45(1), 47–58. https://doi.org/10.21082/jti.v45n1.2021.47-58
Syawaluddin, S., Harahap, I. S., & Simbolon, I. S. (2022). Analisis curah hujan sebagai unsur agroklimatologi terhadap produksi tanaman ubi jalar (Ipomoea batatas L.) di Kabupaten Tapanuli Selatan. Jurnal Multidisiplin Madani, 2(2), 1067–1086. https://doi.org/10.54259/mudima.v2i2.501
Tadjang H. 1992. Dasar-Dasar Klimatologi. Faperta Universitas Hasanuddin. Makasar.
Tarmizi, A., Rahmat, S. N., Abd Karim, A., & Tukimat, N. (2019). Climate change and its impact on rainfall. International Journal of Integrated Engineering, 11. https://doi.org/10.30880/ijie.2019.11.01.020
Usman, S., Jayeoba, J. O., & Kundiri, A. M. (2024). Climate change at a global concept: Impacts and adaptation measures. International Journal of Environment and Climate Change, 14(6), 445–459. https://doi.org/10.9734/ijecc/2024/v14i64242
Pratama, Alvin & Agiel, Hayim & Oktaviana, Ade Ayu, 2022, Evaluasi Satellite Precipitation Product (GSMaP, CHIRPS, dan IMERG) di Kabupaten Lampung Selatan, Journal of Science and Applicative Technology. 6. 32. https://doi.org/10.35472/jsat.v6i1.702.
Wahid, H., & Usman, U., 2017, Analisis Karakteristik dan Klasifikasi Curah Hujan di Kabupaten Polewali Mandar, Sainsmat J. Ilm. Ilmu Pengetah. Alam, 6(1), 15–27. https://doi.org/10.35580/sainsmat6164522017
Winarno, G. D., Harianto, S. P., & Santoso, T. (2019). Klimatologi pertanian. Pusaka Media.
Widyawati, A. S., Fitrianto, A., & Silvianti, P. (2025). Performance of Multivariate Missing Data Imputation Methods on Climate Data. Journal of Applied Informatics and Computing, 9(6), 3953–3963. https://doi.org/10.30871/jaic.v9i6.11316
Wurarah, R. N., 2024, Indonesia’s economic and environmental resilience in the face of climate change: Analysis and implementation strategies, Calamity: A Journal of Disaster Technology and Engineering, 2(1), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.61511/calamity.v2i1.2024.9
Published
2026-10-03
How to Cite
Fitriyanti, F., Muhammad Irfan, & Menik Ariani. (2026). Analysis of Climate Types in Several Regencies in South Sumatra Based on the Schmidt–Ferguson and Oldeman Classifications. International Journal of Education, Vocational and Social Science , 5(04), 2415-2435. https://doi.org/10.63922/ijevss.v5i04.6699
Contact Person +6282139474255
Email : ijevss@citakonsultindo.or.id / editor.ijevss@gmail.com
