Implementing the TPSR Model in Physical Education to Build Vocational School Students' Social Character
Keywords:
Physical Education, Social Character, TPSR Learning Model
Abstract
This Classroom Action Research (CAR) aims to optimize the learning process and improve the social character of 10th-grade students at SMK Negeri 3 Semarang through Physical Education (PE). The primary issue underlying this study is the high prevalence of egocentric behavior, individualism, and a general lack of empathy and cooperation among students. To address this, the study implemented Don Hellison’s Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility (TPSR) model, which incorporates specific sessions designed for character development. The research was conducted across two cycles during the odd semester of the 2026/2027 academic year, involving 36 students from Class X TO 1 (Automotive Engineering Class). Each cycle comprised four phases: planning, action, observation, and reflection. Data were gathered using teacher observation sheets and student self-assessment questionnaires, which were subsequently analyzed using descriptive statistics. The success threshold was established at a minimum of 85% student completeness. The findings indicated significant improvement in social character. The pre-cycle phase yielded a completeness rate of only 42%, which rose to 61% in Cycle I, and ultimately reached 86% in Cycle II. In conclusion, applying the TPSR model in PE represents an effective solution to foster and internalize responsible social character in students.
References
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Wahidah, A. S. (2021). PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER SOSIAL ANAK USIA DINI : DI LINGKUNGAN KELUARGA, SEKOLAH DAN KOMUNITAS. Investama : Jurnal Ekonomi & Bisnis, 5. https://ejournal.iaingawi.ac.id/index.php/investama/article/view/1347
Wright, P. M., & Craig, M. W. (2011). Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science Tool for Assessing Responsibility- Based Education ( TARE ): Instrument Development , Content Validity , and Inter-Rater Reliability. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, May 2013, 37–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/1091367X.2011.590084
Zubaedi. (2013). DESAIN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER: Konsepsi dan Aplikasinya dalam Lembaga Pendidikan (Riefmanto (ed.); 3rd ed.). KENCANA PRENADA MEDIA GROUP.
Dewi, A. C., Firdaus, A., Fauzan, A., & Maulani, I. (2024). Pendidikan Menjadi Pondasi Dalam Pembentukan Karakter Peserta Didik. JIMA: Jurnal Ilmiah Mahasiswa, 2(1), 55–63. https://doi.org/10.31539/jima.v2i1.751
Elmeiri, R., Vai, A., Hidayat, H., Rahmatullah, M. I., & Adila, F. (2022). IMPLEMENTASI MODEL TEACHING PERSONAL AND SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITYDALAM PEMBELAJARAN PJOK UNTUK MENCIPTAKAN RASATANGGUNG JAWABPESERTA DIDIK DI TINGKAT SMA. Jurnal Pendidikan Jasmani Kesehatan Dan Rekreasi(Penjaskesrek), 9, 66–75. https://doi.org/10.46368/jpjkr.v9i2.573
Harita, A. N. W., Adani, E. F., & Azizah, L. N. (2025). EKSPLORASI REGULASI EMOSI DENGAN AKTIVITAS FISIK MAHASISWA. Jurnal Edukasi Citra Olahraga, 5(2), 219–234. https://doi.org/10.38048/jor.v4i3.5438
Jacobs, J. M., Wright, P. M., & Richards, K. A. R. (2022). Students ’ Perceptions of Learning Life Skills Through the Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility Model : An Exploratory Study. 4(May). https://doi.org/10.3389/fspor.2022.898738
Kemmis, S., McTaggart, R., & Nixon, R. (2014). The Action Research Planner: Doing Critical Action Research. Springer Science. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4560-67-2
Manzano-Sanchez, D., & Valero-Valenzuela, A. (2019). Implementation of a Model-Based Programme to Promote Personal and Social Responsibility and Its E ff ects on Motivation , Prosocial Behaviours , Violence and Classroom Climate in Primary and Secondary Education.
Martinek, T. J., Santos, F., Sa, C., & Saraiva, L. (2021). Original Paper Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility ( TPSR ) in Teacher Education : Reflections and Future Direction. Journal of Education and Culture Studies, 5(2), 32–45. https://doi.org/10.22158/jecs.v5n2p32
Marzuki. (2015). Pendidikan Karakter Islam (N. L. Nusroh (ed.); 1st ed.). AMZAH. https://id.scribd.com/document/503367283/34-Pendidikan-Karakter-Islam
Meirianto, Y. D. (2026). Teaching Personal and Social Responsibility (TPSR) as a Pedagogical Approach for Enhancing Students’ Social Responsibility and Classroom Participation. Journal of Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 6. https://doi.org/10.17509/jopes.v6i1.100663
Merino-Barrero, J. A., Valero-Valenzuela, A., Pedreno, N. B., & Fernandez-Rio, J. (2019). Impact of a Sustained TPSR Program on Students’ Responsibility, Motivation, Sportsmanship, and Intention To Be Physically Active. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 39(2), 247–255. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2019-0022
Metzler, M., & Colquitt, G. (2021). Instructional Models for Physical Education (4th ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781003081098
Pérez-ordás, R., Pozo, P., Grao-cruces, A., Pérez-ordás, R., Pozo, P., & Grao-cruces, A. (2020). Original Article Effects on aggression and social responsibility by teaching personal and social responsibility during physical education. 20(4), 1832–1838. https://doi.org/10.7752/jpes.2020.04248
Pozo, P., Grao-cruces, A., & Pe, R. (2018). Teaching personal and social responsibility model-based programmes in physical education : A systematic review. 24(1), 56–75. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336X16664749
Rahayu, A., & Saskia, A. (2025). Metode Penelitian Tindakan Kelas : Konsep , Tahapan dan Keunggulan dalam Praktik Pembelajaran. DIAJAR: Jurnal Pendidikan Dan Pembelajaran, 4(4), 828–836. https://doi.org/10.54259/diajar.v4i4.5792
Rahman BP, A., Mundandar, S. A., Fitriani, A., Karlina, Y., & Yumriani. (2022). Pengertian Pendidikan, Ilmu Pendidikan dan Unsur-unsur Pendidikan. Al Urwatul Wutsqa: Kajian Pendidikan Islam, 2(1), 1–8. https://journal.unismuh.ac.id/index.php/alurwatul/en/article/view/7757
Syafruddin, M. A., Jahrir, A. S., Ikadarny, & Yusuf, A. (2022). THE ROLE OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND SPORTS IN FORMING THE CHARACTER OF THE NATION. Jurnal Ilmiah STOK Bina Guna Medan, 10. https://doi.org/10.55081/jsbg.v10i2.692
Wahidah, A. S. (2021). PEMBENTUKAN KARAKTER SOSIAL ANAK USIA DINI : DI LINGKUNGAN KELUARGA, SEKOLAH DAN KOMUNITAS. Investama : Jurnal Ekonomi & Bisnis, 5. https://ejournal.iaingawi.ac.id/index.php/investama/article/view/1347
Wright, P. M., & Craig, M. W. (2011). Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science Tool for Assessing Responsibility- Based Education ( TARE ): Instrument Development , Content Validity , and Inter-Rater Reliability. Measurement in Physical Education and Exercise Science, May 2013, 37–41. https://doi.org/10.1080/1091367X.2011.590084
Zubaedi. (2013). DESAIN PENDIDIKAN KARAKTER: Konsepsi dan Aplikasinya dalam Lembaga Pendidikan (Riefmanto (ed.); 3rd ed.). KENCANA PRENADA MEDIA GROUP.
Published
2026-10-18
How to Cite
Muhammad Nazhiif, Muhammad Rizqi Bima Prasetyo, Muhammad Nailal Hana, Muhammad Nailull Ajilla’, Muhammad Rindhon, Muhammad Robby Ferdiyan, Aris Mulyono, Fikri Ferdiansyah, & Sutarno, S. (2026). Implementing the TPSR Model in Physical Education to Build Vocational School Students’ Social Character. International Journal of Education, Vocational and Social Science , 5(04), 3208-3224. https://doi.org/10.63922/ijevss.v5i04.6891
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Email : ijevss@citakonsultindo.or.id / editor.ijevss@gmail.com
